[pt] Este trabalho pretende traçar a recepção da escrita de Mário de Andrade e Oswald de Andrade entre os anos de 1945-70, a criação de uma consciência nacional e uma escrita de vanguarda, tendo em vista a eleição de ambos ao patamar de alto modernismo. A historiografia literária, orientada pela tradição nacionalista, localiza em Mário a síntese superior das propostas pós-22, relegando Oswald ao plano de terrorista cultural. O Concretismo, para viabilizar uma historiografia sincrônica, regida pelo padrão internacional das vanguardas, elege a poesia pau-Brasil como uma revolução estética, antecipadora da poesia concreta, minimiza o papel de Mário, denominando-o reformador, ou nas entrelinhas, modernista conservador. A teoria concreta apresenta a antropofagia ao Tropicalismo, que encontra nela o argumento teórico para justificar sua assimilação da cultura de massa como proposta de renovação e atualização cultural. Por um ou por outro viés, os modernistas são objetos construídos para legitimar o discurso nacionalista ou o discurso internacionalista. / [en] This work intends to outline the reception of the writings by Mário de Andrade and Oswald de Andrade between the years of 1945-70, the creation of a national consciousness and a vanguardist writing, taking into consideration the election of both of them to the level of high modernism. The literary historiography, guided by the nationalist tradition, sees in Mário the superior synthesis of the post-22 proposals, leaving Oswald on the level of cultural terrorist. Concretism, to make viable a synchronic historiography, guided by the international pattern of the vanguards, elects the pau- Brasil poetry as an esthetic revolution, anticipating the concrete poetry, minimizing Mário´s role, calling him the reformer, or between the lines, conservative modernist. The concrete theory presents the anthropophagy to the tropicalism, which finds in it the theoric argument to justify its assimilation of mass culture as a proposal of renovation and cultural update. From one view or another, the modernists are objects constructed to legitimize the nationalist speech or the internationalist one.

<p>I have made a research about two different methods for introducing small children to Nursery School/Kindergarten. I choose to do this as I have found very little about this in the literature we have studied during my education to become a pre-school teacher.</p><p>This period in the life of very small children and their parents is a big change in their daily life. The more traditional way to start pre-school is to do it very gradually during two weeks, the two-week method. This means that the parents visit the pre-school together with their child for a very short time, about one hour the first day. After one week they leave their child with the staff for about an hour and at the end of that week they try to leave it full time (6-8 hours). Today there is a new model to do this introduction to pre-school. In this model the parent spend three whole days, the 3-days method, at the pre-school together with their child. This is a very big change in routines for all parties involved.  I have made my research by interviewing 6 pre-school teachers in Södertälje and one from another municipality. I have also distributed an inquest to 40 parents whose children have recently begun attending pre-school.</p><p>Four of the teachers work with the new model and three with the traditional model. In my research I have stated the following questions:</p><ul><li>How affects parents and children regarding factors as feelings and security?</li><li>Which are the benefits and the disadvantages with the two models?</li><li>Which are the benefits and disadvantages as the staff experiences the different models?</li><li>Did the parents now anything about the different models offered?</li></ul><p>All previous research in this area agrees on the fact that a positive contact between teachers and parents are very essential. Small children relay on their parents and if the parent is comfortable and safe with the pre-school the child will be too.</p><p>The Swedish curriculum Lpfö98 states that every pre-school is obliged to take in consideration the needs and the level of development for each child. Every pre-school has to learn to understand every new child and create a positive relation with it.</p><p>All my interviews with the teachers made it clear that they all emphasized the aspect of security for the children. They all also try to create good relations with the parents. Some teachers and schools do it by meetings before the child start pre-school and others during the first days at the school.    </p><p>Another positive affect the three days teachers brought up was the fact that the children during the three days got to know all the teachers at the school. The teachers working with the two week model stretched the fact that good relations between parents in their group are something that everybody benefits from.</p><p>My inquest to parents gave me only 15 answers which mean it is hard to draw any conclusions from it. From both groups I got benefits and disadvantages regarding the different models. Most of the parents were aware of which model their pre-school offered before they started. The majority of parents in booths groups are satisfied with the model used at their pre-school.</p>

I have made a research about two different methods for introducing small children to Nursery School/Kindergarten. I choose to do this as I have found very little about this in the literature we have studied during my education to become a pre-school teacher. This period in the life of very small children and their parents is a big change in their daily life. The more traditional way to start pre-school is to do it very gradually during two weeks, the two-week method. This means that the parents visit the pre-school together with their child for a very short time, about one hour the first day. After one week they leave their child with the staff for about an hour and at the end of that week they try to leave it full time (6-8 hours). Today there is a new model to do this introduction to pre-school. In this model the parent spend three whole days, the 3-days method, at the pre-school together with their child. This is a very big change in routines for all parties involved.  I have made my research by interviewing 6 pre-school teachers in Södertälje and one from another municipality. I have also distributed an inquest to 40 parents whose children have recently begun attending pre-school. Four of the teachers work with the new model and three with the traditional model. In my research I have stated the following questions: How affects parents and children regarding factors as feelings and security? Which are the benefits and the disadvantages with the two models? Which are the benefits and disadvantages as the staff experiences the different models? Did the parents now anything about the different models offered? All previous research in this area agrees on the fact that a positive contact between teachers and parents are very essential. Small children relay on their parents and if the parent is comfortable and safe with the pre-school the child will be too. The Swedish curriculum Lpfö98 states that every pre-school is obliged to take in consideration the needs and the level of development for each child. Every pre-school has to learn to understand every new child and create a positive relation with it. All my interviews with the teachers made it clear that they all emphasized the aspect of security for the children. They all also try to create good relations with the parents. Some teachers and schools do it by meetings before the child start pre-school and others during the first days at the school.     Another positive affect the three days teachers brought up was the fact that the children during the three days got to know all the teachers at the school. The teachers working with the two week model stretched the fact that good relations between parents in their group are something that everybody benefits from. My inquest to parents gave me only 15 answers which mean it is hard to draw any conclusions from it. From both groups I got benefits and disadvantages regarding the different models. Most of the parents were aware of which model their pre-school offered before they started. The majority of parents in booths groups are satisfied with the model used at their pre-school.

No description available.

This dissertation examined the annual Women’s Week events hosted by Ball State’s Women’s and Gender Studies Program. It served to paint a historical picture of how the local Muncie community has been linked with the academic community at Ball State through events about women’s issues. The program began when a group of people wanting to broaden the educational offerings and evolved into an academic program that brings community education related to women’s issues to the Ball State campus. This research used qualitative research interview with four key informants to examine the community links and history of Women’s Week at Ball State University by answering two specific research questions. The participants described their roles in the Women’s Week events from organizing the program to presenting about their lifelong passions. Many of the discussions were fond recollections, but challenges were also brought to light. Presenting relevant topics and maintaining student involvement were two subjects mentioned by the informants. Improvising and long term planning were also emphasized. / Department of Educational Studies

Tympanometry and acoustic stapedial reflex (ASR) are routinely used in audiology clinics to assess the functional integrity of the eardrum and middle ear system in humans. Conventional tympanometry (which delivers a probe tone of 226 Hz into the ear canal and measures the mobility of the eardrum as the air pressure in the ear canal is varied) and acoustic reflex testing are effective in detecting middle ear pathologies in children and adults. However, the clinical application of these two tests to infants younger than 7 months has major limitations. In recent years, high frequency tympanometry (HFT) with a probe tone of 1000 Hz has been trialled successfully in young infants (< 7 months) and research on ASRs as they apply to this age group is continuing. Although preliminary HFT data for this population are emerging, there has been no detailed study that describes the effect of age on HFT and ASR results, no clear guideline on ways to interpret the HFT results, and no investigation to measure the feasibility and reliability of the ASR findings. For these reasons, systematic investigation into the use of HFT and ASR measures for evaluating the middle ear function of young infants is warranted. This thesis aimed to: (i) investigate the feasibility of obtaining HFT and ASR findings from newborn and 6-week-old infants, and study the characteristics of the immittance findings in these two age groups; (ii) investigate methods within HFT to measure the middle ear admittance of newborn babies; (iii) establish normative HFT data from healthy newborn babies using the new component compensation method; (iv) examine the test-retest reliability of the ASR test in healthy neonates; and (v) investigate the test-retest reliability of the ASR test in 6-week-old infants. The aims of the thesis were met through five studies. In study one (Chapter 2), a pilot study was conducted to examine the feasibility of performing HFT and ASR in 42 healthy infants and study the characteristics of the immittance findings obtained from these infants using a longitudinal study design. In this pilot study, all infants were tested at birth and then re-tested approximately 6 weeks after the first test. This study confirmed the feasibility of obtaining valid immittance findings from healthy young infants. Most importantly, the findings of this pilot study revealed that the mean values of the majority of HFT parameters and acoustic stapedial reflex threshold (ASRT) obtained at 6 weeks were significantly greater than those obtained at birth, indicating the need to have separate sets of normative data for both tests for newborn and 6-week-old infants. In study 2 (Chapter 3), three different methods to measure middle ear admittance (often described as peak compensated static admittance) in 36 healthy neonates were compared. The three methods were the traditional baseline compensation method (compensated for the susceptance component at 200 daPa pressure) and two new component compensated methods (compensated for both the susceptance and conductance components at 200 daPa and -400 daPa). The results showed that the mean middle ear admittances obtained by compensating for the two components of admittance at a pressure of 200 daPa (YCC200) and -400 daPa (YCC-400) were significantly greater than that using the traditional baseline compensation method (YBC). The higher mean admittance results obtained using the new component compensated methods suggests that the two new methods have the potential to better separate normal from abnormal admittance results. The test-retest reliability of YBC, YCC200 and YCC-400 was investigated, with the result that a lower test-retest reliability was obtained for YCC-400 than for the other two measures. It was, therefore, concluded that the component compensation method compensated at 200 daPa may serve as an alternative method for estimating middle ear admittance, especially in the context of assessing neonates using HFT. In study 3 (Chapter 4), normative data were gathered using the new component compensation method (compensated at 200 daPa) on a group of 157 healthy newborn babies. In addition to the component compensated static admittance (YCC), normative data showing the 90 % ranges for tympanometric peak pressure, admittance at 200 daPa, uncompensated peak admittance, and traditional baseline compensated static admittance (YBC) were established in this study. No gender effect was found on any of the tympanometric measures. In study 4 (Chapter 5), the use of ASR to evaluate middle ear function in neonates was studied. The feasibility of obtaining ipsilateral ASR from neonates by stimulating their ears with a 2 kHz tone and broadband noise (BBN) was demonstrated. ASRs were elicited from 91.3% of 219 full-term normal neonates, while the remaining 8.7% of neonates who had flat tympanograms and no transient evoked otoacoustic emissions did not exhibit ASRs. Good test-retest reliability was demonstrated in the ASRT obtained using both the 2 kHz and BBN stimulus; there was no significant difference between test and retest conditions and intra-correlation coefficients of 0.83 for the 2 kHz tone and 0.76 for the BBN stimulus. In the last study (Chapter 6), the test-retest reliability of ASRT obtained from 70 6-week-old infants was investigated. The methodology described in Chapter 5 was followed. No significant difference in ASRT between test and retest conditions was found for the 2 kHz tone (mean ASRT = 67.3 dB HL versus 67.1 dB HL) and BBN stimulus (mean ASRT = 80.9 dB HL versus 81.6 dB HL). Good test-retest reliability of ASRT with intra-correlation coefficients of 0.78 was found for both the 2 kHz tone and the BBN stimulus. In essence, through achieving the aforementioned aims, the current research program was able to enhance the minimal literature available concerning the use of HFT and ASR testing in young infants. Ultimately, the findings presented in this thesis will inform clinicians of the recent developments in HFT and ASR testing, and assist them in evaluating the middle ear function of young infants with accuracy and confidence.

Research into political satire programs show that they can be informative in the same way traditional news inform citizens and that the audience trust the information told by satirists. The political satire program Last Week Tonight with John Oliver has inspired the phenomenon ‘the John Oliver Effect’ due to comedian John Oliver’s ability to influence the world of politics and beyond with his in-depth investigations in serious subjects. In the author’s previous research Last Week Tonight has been portrayed by the media as being a credible source despite being the work of a comedian. This study therefore aimed to research what it is that makes Oliver and Last Week Tonight a credible source and whether some aspects of the reporting can be seen as communication campaign. With the theory of source credibility as part of its core, this study used the method of multimodality to ascertain that the main aspect that spoke to Oliver’s credibility was his perceived trustworthiness rather that his expertise or attractiveness. Using the same method but with the theory of communication campaign as part of its core, the study also ascertained that the program in general possessed some characteristics of a communication campaign but to be completely successful an episode had to possess all characteristics of a communication campaign. Merging this with previous research would indicate that subjectivity – Oliver’s authenticity and honest opinions and feelings – play an important part in his perceived credibility.

Aim of the research: This research aims to create an understanding for the new ways in which global fashion influencers’ attending fashion week are contributing to the presentation of it as gatekeepers and distributors of information and fashion knowledge, and how this rolea dds new perspectives to how fashion week is presented. Method: The research has been limited to analysing the material of six global fashion influencers, with a total following of 28 million people, during the major fashion weeks of Spring/Summer 2017 and Autumn/Winter 2017. The material has been collected and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis, also called ethnographic content analysis, with focus on distinguishing common characteristics in the text. Findings: The results have shown that the fashion influencers have contributed to the presentation of fashion week in several new ways, with the greatest characteristic being sharing a broad picture of what is going on during fashion week. The influencers are also sharing insight to exclusive fashion shows and events that have traditionally not been shared with the public. More over, the fashion influencers are sharing their personal perspectives and experiences of fashion week as well as their personal taste and opinions regarding fashion trends and other things. They are also adding a new commercial and promotional focus while presenting an idealized image of fashion week to their followers. The findings are indicated that the fashion influencers have established an important role at fashion week, which in turnis affecting the presentation of it. Contributions: The findings presented in this research can be of relevance for those who wants to understand the fashion influencers’ role during fashion week, for instance fashion brands and designers who wishes to learn how to engage with the fashion influencers’ from a business and marketing perspective. Considering social media and the fashion influencers affecting the presentation of fashion week as societal changes, the findings can also be relevant for fashion researchers who wishes to understand how these changes are affecting the presentation of fashion week and the fashion industry.

In Kooperation mit dem Deutschen Bibliotheksverband e.V. und gefördert durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung präsentierten sich Bibliotheken in ganz Deutschland vom 24.10. bis 31.10.2010 mit zahlreichen Aktivitäten als Lernorte und Orte der Kommunikation auf vielfältigste Weise. Die Palette der Veranstaltungen reichte von Poetry-Slams, Lesenächten, Autorenlesungen über Ausstellungen und Präsentationen bis hin zu verschiedenen Serviceangeboten wie z.B. Büchertausch. In Sachsen fanden insgesamt 160 Veranstaltungen in den Bibliotheken statt.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate day-of-the-week effects for stock index returns. The investigations include analysis of means and variances as well as return-distribution properties such as skewness and tail behavior. Moreover, the existences of conditional day-of-the-week effects, depending on the outcome of returns from the previous week, are analyzed. Particular emphasis is put on determining useful testing procedures for differences in variance in return data from different weekdays. Two time series models, AR and GARCH(1,1), are used to find out if any weekday's mean return is different from other days. The investigations are repeated for two-day re- turns and for returns of diversified portfolios made up of several stock index returns.