In the study of positive psychology and mental health there has been greater emphasis placed on the presence of indicators of well-being, as opposed to previous models solely based on the presence or absence of psychopathological symptoms. This has yielded a model titled the Dual Factor Model of Mental Health (DFM; Suldo, 2016). Psychopathological symptoms have been conceptualized as a categorical variable encompassing an elevated level of symptoms of either externalizing or internalizing disorders. Complete Mental Health (CMH) is generally conceptualized as having low psychopathology (PTH) and high subjective well-being (SWB). Previous research has indicated more positive outcomes, such as academic achievement and supportive social relationships, are associated with CMH. The DFM has been examined in adolescents and young adults, however, only one study has identified the model in elementary school students (Greenspoon & Saklofske, 2008). The current study completed secondary analysis of an archival data set (Hearon, 2017) to examine the distribution of the DFM in a sample of 178 elementary school students (grades 4th and 5th) and the impact that mental health group status had on social functioning levels with teachers and classmates. Results from this study indicated the DFM was present in a sample of elementary school students, with the majority of participants being classified in the CMH group, consistent with previous literature. Additionally, regarding students’ perceived social support of classmates and teachers, those groups with elevated levels of SWB reported greater mean values than those groups that had decreased levels of SWB. Finally, between group differences in terms of psychopathology were present, whereas within group differences in terms of externalizing and internalizing behavior were not present in any group. Implications for school psychologists, such as the importance of assessing SWB in tandem with psychopathology are presented. Finally, limitations of this study (i.e., nested data) and avenues for future research (i.e., mental health status predicting peer networks, continued evaluation of DFM psychopathology make-up) are reviewed.

In this inquiry I used Black Feminist Thought as the interpretive lens to investigate the characterizations and experiences of high achieving Black women undergraduate engineering and mathematics majors at a predominantly white institution. The qualitative inquiry considered intersecting oppressions to evaluate the experiences of this population. In particular, Black women operate in the intersection of race and gender, thus for a thorough analysis of their engineering and mathematics experiences to occur, the historical context of the United States and its oppressive structures must be considered. Stereotypes and systemic oppression follow this socially constructed identity as the participants enter the fields of engineering and mathematics as Black women. In order to develop relevant suggestions to increase the participation of this population in the field, I assert that the social construction of this intersectional identity must be considered. I evaluated the participants' experiences to determine its influence on their academic persistence and overall well-being. I implemented sista circle methodology, an ethnographic method that embodies a gender specific research methodology. Sista circle methodology expands beyond traditional methodology to draw on social relations, the wisdom of Black women in U.S. context, and functions as a medium for mentorship as a Black feminist practice. The data I collected as part of this study included a demographic survey, pre-interview, two sista circles, vision board collage, post-sista circle electronic reflection, "sista circle" alternative interview, and member checking. There were five participants in this study, and three of these participants engaged in the sista circle unity getaway and the remaining two participants completed the sista circle alternative interview. I analyzed the responses of all five participants in the interviews and sista circles to identify themes that emerged in this study. Eight themes emerged from the data: The first finding presented normalized policies and practices that reproduced an unwelcoming academic climate and specifically, 1) access to caring professors and the 2) competitive isolating environment. The academic climate forced the participants to negotiate self-doubt as they question if their program is the appropriate means to pursue their future career endeavors, in the second finding the participants experienced 3) variations in program expectations and reality, 4) a shift in academic self-concept, and 5) negotiated alternatives to persistence. In the third finding the participants responded to the conditions in the academic climate through forms of resistance, which include the construction of a 6) professional persona, 7) sense of community and peer bonds, and identifying 8) academic opportunities as motivational tools.

O Bem-estar Psicológico (BEP) é um construto que reflete o funcionamento positivo ou ótimo em nível psicológico. Suas seis dimensões, relações positivas com outros, autonomia, domínio do ambiente, crescimento pessoal, propósito na vida e auto aceitação, emergem da convergência de teorias do desenvolvimento humano, psicologia humanista-existencial e sobre a saúde mental. O objetivo desse estudo foi adaptar e investigar as evidências de validade da Escala de Bem-estar Psicológico (EBEP), e está dividido em três partes. Na primeira, é apresentado o conceito de BEP a partir de uma revisão seletiva da literatura, abordando questões sobre sua origem, o desenvolvimento do conceito, as diferentes abordagens na sua avaliação, e por fim, seus correlatos psicossociais, sociodemográficos e neurobiológicos. A segunda parte descreve o processo de adaptação da EBEP para o português brasileiro, a partir de uma abordagem que incluiu diferentes níveis de análise da adequação dos itens: tradução sintetizada, análise de juízes e avaliação da familiaridade. Por fim, a última parte descreve a validação da EBEP a partir de sua relação com indicadores prévios de bem-estar em nível psicológico, bem como a avaliação do desempenho psicométrico da mesma. Ao todo 346 sujeitos participaram do estudo ao longo de diferentes etapas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a EBEP, a Escala de Satisfação de Vida, a Escala de Afeto Positivo e Negativo, o Inventário Beck de Depressão (BDI), e o Questionário de dados sociodemográficos. As análises dos dados incluíram estatísticas descritivas, análise multivariada de variância (MANOVA), correlações de Pearson, e medidas de consistência interna através do alpha de Cronbach. Os resultados indicam a validade da EBEP a partir de sua relação com indicadores prévios do bem-estar em nível psicológico. Ainda é constatada a necessidade de estudos n / Psychological Well-being (PWB) is a construct that reflects the positive or optimal functioning in psychological level. Its six dimensions, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life and self acceptance, emerging from the convergence of human development, humanistic-existential psychology and mental health theories. The aim of this study was to adapt and investigate the validity evidences of the Psychological Well-being Scale (PWBS), and is divided into three parts. At first, we present the concept of PWB from a selective review of the literature, addressing their questions about their origin, development of the concept, the different approaches for their assessment, and ultimately, their psychosocial, sociodemographic, and neurobiological correlates. The second part describes the process of adapting PWBS to Brazilian Portuguese, from an approach that included different levels of items adequacy analysis: synthesized translation, judge’s evaluation and analysis of familiarity. Finally, the last part describes the validation of PWBS from his relationship with previous indicators of well-being in psychological level, as well as evaluating the psychometric performance of this instrument. Altogether 346 subjects participated in the study over different stages. The instruments used were the PWBS, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Sociodemographic Questionnaire. The data analysis included descriptive statistics, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), Pearson´s correlations, and measures of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. The results indicate validity evidences of EBEP from his relationship with previous indicators of well-being in psychological level. It is still found the need for studies in Brazil in relation to this construct.

O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar como a mudança climática pode afetar o processo de desenvolvimento humano. Com esse objetivo, procurou-se identificar, caracterizar e sistematizar os impactos potenciais da mudança climática em dimensões relevantes do desenvolvimento humano, tais como: saúde, educação, meios de subsistência, segurança, valores culturais e relações sociais. O trabalho propõe uma estrutura analítica na qual se identificam relações diretas e indiretas entre os componentes climáticos e do bem-estar humano e definem-se mecanismos que interligam as duas áreas, sendo estes os recursos naturais de água, solo e biodiversidade, assim como os serviços dos ecossistemas. A análise realizada não foi restrita à realidade de um país, ao invés, foram associados elementos tendo em conta as evidências em nível global. O estudo foi baseado na abordagem de desenvolvimento humano fundamentada por Amartya Sen, a qual permitiu considerar um conjunto amplo de dimensões na avaliação do bem-estar, abrangendo as diversas formas em que as pessoas são e podem ser privadas de desfrutar uma vida que eles valoram devido à mudança climática. Através da estrutura analítica proposta neste trabalho e na investigação sistemática de dois corpos de literatura (respectivamente ambiental e de desenvolvimento humano), foi possível constatar que o processo de desenvolvimento humano está determinado pela expansão de aspectos multidimensionais, como funcionamento e capacitações, bem como meios e intitulamentos que podem aumentar ou diminuir dependendo a relação com os sistemas do meio ambiente, em especial, do sistema climático. As evidências analisadas demonstraram como as alterações do clima constituem um risco latente para o retrocesso do desenvolvimento humano e ampliação das privações humanas em todo o mundo, com desproporcionais efeitos em países pobres e em desenvolvimento. Por um lado, os choques climáticos ameaçam em diferentes caminhos (direta e indiretamente) os funcionamentos e capacitações das pessoas, como a saúde, a educação, os valores culturais e as relações sociais. Por outro lado, os choques climáticos restringem o desenvolvimento humano ao afetar e limitar os "meios e intitulamentos" necessários para o sustento das pessoas, através da redução da quantidade e qualidade da água, da produção agrícola, da alteração de atividades de pesca, redução de rendimentos econômicos, entre outras formas. Os maiores impactos são em áreas rurais, as quais concentram maior proporção de pobres. O exame de impactos levou em conta a interação com aspectos de vulnerabilidade pré-existente de cada país ou região, relacionados com a exposição definida pela localização geográfica, a sensibilidade de acordo com a dependência na agricultura e nos serviços dos ecossistemas e a capacidade de adaptação determinada por aspectos sociais, econômicos, institucionais, políticos e dotação dos recursos naturais. / The main aim of this dissertation is to examine how climate change can affect the process of human development. In particular, it tries to identify, characterize and classify the potential impacts of climate change on relevant dimensions of human development, such as health, education, livelihoods, security, cultural values and social relations. The dissertation proposes an analytical structure in which it delves into direct and indirect relations between the components of the climate and well being, and set up mechanisms that link the two areas, which are the natural resources of water, soil and biodiversity as well as the ecosystem services. The analysis was not restricted to the particular realities of a given country, in contrast, it focused on evidence at a global level. This study is based on the vision of human development as characterized by the work of Amartya Sen, which enabled us to consider a wide range of dimensions in the assessment of well being, covering the various ways in which people are and can be deprived of enjoying a life that they value due to climate change. Through the analytical framework proposed in this paper and the systematic investigation of two bodies of literature (the environmental and human development), it was possible to see that the process of human development is determined by the expansion of multidimensional aspects, such as functionings and capabilities, as well as means and entitlements that may increase or decrease depending on the relation with the environment, especially the climate system. The analysis showed evidence such as that climate change is a latent risk to the setback of human development and expansion of human deprivation in the world, with disproportionate effect on poor and developing countries. The climatic shocks threaten in different ways (directly and indirectly) the functionings and capabilities of individuals, such as health, education, cultural values and social relations. Moreover, the climatic shocks restrict human development to affect and limit the "means and entitlements" necessary for the sustenance of the people, by reducing the quantity and quality of water, agricultural production, modification of fishing activities, reduction income, among other ways. The largest impacts are in rural areas, which concentrate the largest proportion of poor people. An examination of impacts took into account the interaction with aspects of pre-existing vulnerability of each country or region, associated with exposure defined by geographic location, according to the sensitivity of the dependence on agriculture and ecosystems services and the capacity of adaptation certain by social, economic, institutional, political and status of natural resources.

O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar relações entre ruminação e reflexão com sexo, Neuroticismo/ajustamento emocional (vulnerabilidade, desajustamento psicossocial, depressão e ansiedade) e bem-estar subjetivo (BES) (satisfação de vida, afeto positivo e afeto negativo) e testá-las empiricamente. Participaram deste estudo 361 universitários que responderam coletivamente em sala de aula questionários de auto relato. Verificou-se que ruminação está relacionada com afeto negativo, depressão, ansiedade e vulnerabilidade. As implicações teóricas e clínicas destes resultados são discutidos a luz da literatura da área. / The aim of this thesis is to present relationships among rumination and reflection with sex, neuroticism (vulnerability, psychological maladjustment, depression and anxiety) and subjective well-being (SWB) (life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect) and test them empirically. For this, 361 undergraduate students answered self-report questionnaires in groups. The results showed that rumination is related with negative affect, anxiety, depression and vulnerability. Theoretical and clinical implications of these results are discussed.

Estudos anteriores sugeriram que as compras de experiências, tais como viagens e shows, deixam as pessoas mais felizes do que compras materiais, como, por exemplo, roupas e eletrônicos. E, por esta razão, sugerem que as pessoas passem a alocar mais a sua renda discricionária em tais tipos de compra. Entretanto, acredita-se que isto não é verdade para todos os indivíduos. O nível de felicidade com cada tipo de compra, provavelmente, varie de acordo com o estado motivacional das pessoas. À luz da teoria de self-regulation, hipotetizase que a felicidade derivada das compras depende da adequação entre as diferentes orientações motivacionais (prevention x promotion) e o tipo de compra (experiência x material). Em um estudo experimental, manipulou-se o tipo de compra e o regulatory focus, e se descobriu que os participantes com promotion focus, realmente, são mais felizes com as compras de experiência, no entanto, os participantes com prevention focus são tão felizes com as compras materiais quanto com as de experiência. Em um segundo estudo experimental, testou-se como os participantes com diferentes estados motivacionais alocam sua renda discricionária de modo a se sentirem mais felizes. Dado os resultados, sugere-se que os participantes com promotion focus são os que devem melhorar sua forma de investir para ficarem mais felizes, estes sim devem seguir a recomendação à experiência. Ainda, quando o trade-off entre os tipos de compra (experiência e material) estava saliente, os participantes com prevention focus, na seqüência, avaliaram as experiências mais favoravelmente do que quando o trade-off não estava saliente. / Experiential consumption - which is made with the primary intention of acquiring a life experience - usually yields greater happiness than material purchases. However, it might not be true for all individuals. The level of happiness in each type of purchase may vary according to one's motivational state. Building on research on subjective well-being and regulatory focus it is being put forward a hypothesis that happiness derived from purchases depends on the fit between self-regulation (individual differences) and the type of purchase (experiential versus material). In the first experimental study, the regulatory focus (prevention vs. promotion) and type of purchase (experiential vs. material) have been manipulated. The data shows that the promotion-focused participants indeed were happier with the experiential purchases than with the material ones. However, the prevention-focused participants were as happy with the material purchases as with the experiential purchases. In the second experimental study, it has been tested how the participants with different regulatory foci allocate their discretionary income as to feel happier. According to the results, its been suggested that in order to spend their income more judisciously, the promotion-focused participants should choose the experiential form of purchase and the prevention-focused participants should continue to invest in both types of purchases. Further, when the trade-off between the material and experiential purchases was made salient, experiences were subsequently evaluated more favorably than when the trade-off was not salient.

65f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-04T12:06:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Neria%20Silva.pdf: 408252 bytes, checksum: d61c5b003a03e187be27dd2acd4f0f76 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-04-09T17:38:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Neria%20Silva.pdf: 408252 bytes, checksum: d61c5b003a03e187be27dd2acd4f0f76 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-09T17:38:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Neria%20Silva.pdf: 408252 bytes, checksum: d61c5b003a03e187be27dd2acd4f0f76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Esta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo-descritivo, fundamentou-se na Teoria da Relação Pessoa a Pessoa de Joyce Travelbee tendo como objeto o Relacionamento Interpessoal com o Idoso Asilado através da massagem de conforto. Objetivou verificar a utilidade dessa massagem para o estabelecimento do relacionamento interpessoal com os mesmos. A teoria em questão revela sua importância, por se constituir uma série de interações planificadas entre duas pessoas, permitindo a mudança e ampliação da capacidade para encarar e resolver os problemas do cotidiano. Utilizamos para a coleta de dados, a observação e a entrevista semi-estruturada que foram aplicadas durante as sessões de massagem de conforto, em idosas do Abrigo Mariana Magalhães. Com base nos resultados pudemos compreender que as idosas moradoras do asilo, reconhecem a importância da utilização da massagem de conforto como forma de aproximação para o estabelecimento de uma relação interpessoal (pessoa-pessoa) positiva e terapêutica. Concluímos, também, que as idosas precisam e gostam de se comunicar, pois a partir do momento em que se vêem valorizadas, respeitadas e amadas, estão dispostas à aproximação. Assim a massagem de conforto torna-se satisfatória para esse fim contribuindo para que o idoso seja um cidadão participativo em sociedade. / Salvador

Esta tese é composta por cinco estudos que tiveram como objetivo geral investigar a exposição à violência direta (ser a vítima) e indireta (ser testemunha) e suas relações com bem-estar subjetivo e sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em adolescentes de escolas públicas da cidade de Porto Alegre - RS. O primeiro capítulo apresenta uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre exposição à violência na adolescência e suas relações com saúde mental. O segundo capítulo é um estudo de adaptação e validação da Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse para Adolescentes (EDAE-A). O terceiro capítulo, estudo empírico, teve como objetivo investigar a prevalência de exposição de adolescentes à violência direta e indireta e sua associação com idade, sexo, reprovação escolar e configuração familiar. Já o quarto estudo, também empírico, investigou as relações entre exposição à violência direta e indireta, bem-estar subjetivo e sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Por fim, o quinto capítulo apresenta o relato da experiência de devolução dos dados da pesquisa que teve como objetivo discutir violências(s) cotidianas. Participaram 426 adolescentes de escolas públicas, de 12 a 18 anos, que responderam a uma ficha de dados sociodemográficos e aos instrumentos Triagem de Exposição à Violência de Crianças na Comunidade, Escala de Depressão, Ansiedade e Estresse para Adolescentes (EDAE-A), Escala de Afetos Positivos (AP) e Afetos Negativos (AN) e a Escala Multidimensional de Satisfação de Vida para Adolescentes (EMSVA). Análises descritivas e inferenciais foram realizadas. Os resultados desta tese indicaram a alta prevalência de exposição direta e indireta dos adolescentes à violência e a associação com sintomas internalizantes. A adaptação e validação do instrumento EDAE-A possibilitaram a avaliação conjunta das variáveis depressão, ansiedade e estresse, demonstrando boas propriedades psicométricas. A construção do Índice de Bem-Estar Subjetivo, englobando a satisfação de vida e afetos positivos e negativos, deve ser mais bem explorada em pesquisas futuras. Finalmente, a intervenção focal realizada com os adolescentes demonstrou o quanto a violência é naturalizada no contexto escolar, indicando a necessidade de trabalhos preventivos e interventivos para essa população. Limitações e sugestões para novos estudos são descritas. / This thesis is comprised of five studies that had as main objective to investigate the exposure to direct violence (being victim) and indirect (being witness) and their relationship with subjective well-being and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in adolescents from public schools of the city of Porto Alegre - RS. The first chapter presents a systematic review of literature on exposure to violence in adolescence and its relationship with mental health. The second chapter is a study of adaptation and validation of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale for Adolescents (DASS-A). The third chapter (a empirical study) aimed to investigate the prevalence of adolescent exposure to direct and indirect violence and its association with age, sex, school failure and family configuration. The fourth study (which is also empirical) investigated the relationship between exposure to direct and indirect violence, subjective well-being and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Finally, the fifth chapter presents a report about the experience of informing the participants about the results of the research with the aim of discussing violence(s) in the daily life. The participants were 426 adolescents from public schools, 12-18 years old, who responded the sociodemographic form and the following instruments Screening of Exposure to Violence of Children in the Community; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale for Adolescents (DASS-A); Positive Affects (PA) and Negative Affects (NA) and the Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale for Adolescents (MLSSA). Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed. The results of this thesis indicated a high prevalence of direct and indirect exposure of adolescents to violence and the association with internalizing symptoms. The adaptation and validation of instrument DASS-A allowed the joint assessment of the variables depression, anxiety and stress, demonstrating good psychometric properties. The construction of the Subjective Well-being Index, encompassing life satisfaction besides positive and negative affects, should be further explored in future research. Finally, the focal intervention realized with the adolescents demonstrated how much the violence is naturalized in the school context, indicating the necessity of preventive and interventional actions for this population. Limitations and suggestions for further research are described.

The goal of this work is to provide an overview of new trends in the research of decision-making, as well as offer practical guidelines for the practice of decision-making based on up-to-date knowledge. Theoretical part offers an overview of current developments and efforts in decision-making along with a critical perspective on the limited view of decision-making. I offer a new perspective on the purpose and goals of research in the area of decision-making with the aim to improve not only objective results of decision-making, but also overall well-being. I also revitalize intuition as a valid strategy for decision- making. Empirical part presents three research studies, which focus on various aspects of this new approach to decision-making. First focuses on time decisions, which are, unlike financial decisions, almost uncovered by decisional research. Second research builds on current work of D. Ariely and D. Gilbert and supports their thesis, that commitment plays a key role in decisional satisfaction. Last research maps our self- perception in decision-making and how it relates to our well-being. Key words: decision-making, intuition, well-being, life satisfaction, commitment

The dissertation thesis is dedicated to the acculturation as a process of adaptation to a new culture, its influence on achievement and well-being of university students. The work consists of the theoretical and the empirical parts. In the theoretical part, there is presented the fundamental knowledge of the subject area, the intercultural psychology is defined there, the acculturation from different points of view, and it also describes the cultural shock, different strategies and patterns of acculturation and last but not least also the typology of the groups involved in this process. The following section lists the most significant research projects in intercultural psychology. The last chapter of the theoretical part of the work focuses on the specifics of groups of foreign students, with an emphasis on acculturative stress, well-being and subjectively perceived performance and self-efficacy. The claimed areas are further processed in the empirical part of the work. The aim of the presented work is to analyze the process of adaptation to a new cultural environment, taking into account the key factors that influence the progress and results of this process. With regard to the intended use of the results obtained also the influence of self-efficacy, in particular in connection with the handling...