Orientador: Luis Alexandre Maffei Sartini Paulillo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T05:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_GiseleDamianadaSilveira_M.pdf: 6881862 bytes, checksum: 025b37d2970888f849e6c9a21a3db961 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999 / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência dos métodos de secagem da dentina na resistência às forças de cisalhamento de dois sistemas adesivos dentinários. Foram utilizadas as superfícies vestibular, lingual ou palatina em dentina de 105 terceiros molares íntegros recém-extraídos e armazenados em solução de formol a 10% com pH neutro. Após o condicionamento com ácido fosfórico a 35% por 15 segundos e lavagem com jatos de água por 20 segundos, foram empregados sete métodos de secagem dentinária: jatos de ar por 30 segundos (grupos 1 e 2); jatos de ar por 5 segundos (grupos 3 e 4); sem secagem (dentina sobremolhada, grupos 5 e 6); bolinhas de algodão seco (grupos 7 e 8); bolinhas de algodão úmido (grupos 9 e 10); esponja (pincel tipo "microbrush", grupos 11 e 12) e papel absorvente (grupos 13 e 14). Em seguida, o sistema adesivo Prime & Bond 2.1 foi aplicado nos grupos ímpares e nos grupos pares utilizou-se o sistema adesivo Scotchbond Multi Uso. Cilindros com 3mm de diâmetro e 5 mm de altura foram confeccionados com a resina composta Z-100 na área delimitada para a adesão, obtendo um total de 210 corpos-de-prova. Após 7 dias de armazenamento em ambiente a 37 'GRAUS'C com 100% de umidade relativa, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos ao ensaio de resistência ao cisalhamento a uma velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. O teste t-Student apontou os resultados: Grupo 9= 23,2 MPa (a), Grupo 3= 21,3 MPa (ab), Grupo 2= 19,5 MPa (bc), Grupo 10= 18,6 MPa (bc), Grupo 14= 16,3 MPa (cd), Grupo 8= 16,1 MPa (cd), Grupo 4= 14,6 MPa (de), Grupo 13= 14,0 MPa (de), Grupo 11= 13,9 MPa (de), Grupo 7= 13,5 MPa (de), Grupo 12= 12,1 MPa (e), Grupo 1= 8,2 MPa (f), Grupo 5= 2,7 MPa (g), Grupo 6= 2,4 MPa (g). Através da análise estatística concluiu se que os valores de adesão para o sistema Prime & Bond 2.1 foram estatisticamente maiores quando esse adesivo foi aplicado nas superfícies dentinárias deixadas úmidas pelo método de secagem. Por outro lado, médias satisfatórias de resistência ao cisalhamento. para o sistema Scotchbond Multi Uso foram obtidas quando este foi aplicado ao substrato seco, contudo, esses valores não apresentaram diferença estatística significativa para os resultados dos grupos onde a dentina permaneceu; mais úmida após sua secagem. Ambos os adesivos apresentaram uma menor resistência adesiva quando aplicados ao substrato sobremolhado, onde nenhum método de secagem foi empregado / Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of two adhesive systems when applied to dentin with different degrees of wetness. Buccal, lingual and palatine surfaces of 105 intact third molars recently extracted and stored in 10% formaline were utilized. After conditioning with 35% acid phosphoric for 15 seconds, seven methods of drying dentine substrate were used: Air spray for 30 seconds (Groups 1 and 2); air spray for 5 seconds (Groups 3 and 4); dry cotton pellets (Groups 7 and 8); wet cotton pellets (Groups 9 and 10); sponge (microbrush) (Groups 11 and 12); facial tissue (Groups 13 and 14); and the last group was not dried and the surfaces were left overwet (Groups 5 and 6). Thereafter, the Prime & Bond 2.1 System was applied in odd groups and the Scotchbond Multi Purpose was used in pair groups. Z-100composite cilinders with 3 mm diameter and 5mm height were built in the adhesive area (n=210). After seven days stored in a stove with 37 'DEGREE'C and 35% relative humidity, the especimens were submitted to the shear bond test in a 0,5 mm/min speed. The t-Student test presented the following results: Group 9=23.2 MPa (a); Group 3=21.3 MPa (ab); Group 2=19.5 MPa (bc); Group 10=18;6 MPa (bc); Group 14=16.3 MPa (cd); Group 8=16.1 MPa (cd); Group 4=14.6 MPa (de); Group 13=14.0 MPa (de); Group 11=13.9 MPa (de); Group 7=13.5 MPa {de}; Group 12=12.1MPa (e); Group 1-=8.2 MPa (f); Group 5=2.7 MPa (~); Group 6=2.4 MPa (g). Through the statistical analysis it was concluded that the adhesion values to Prime & Bond 2.1 were greater when this system was applied in a moister surface. On the other hand, the Scotchbond Multi Purpose showed good results to both wet and dry surfaces. The lower shear bond strength values were obtained when both adhesives were applied in a overwet surface, where the water excess was not removed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

This work begins with an introduction to catalysis focusing on heterogeneous systems and surface science phenomena. A study on the partial oxidation reaction of n-butane to maleic anhydride (MA) is presented in the first part. MA supplies are barely adequate for market requirements due to continued strong demand. Only slight improvement in catalytic performance would be welcome in the industrial community. The vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalyst was used in this work. The reaction is highly exothermic and the need to properly support the catalyst, not only for good dispersion but adequate heat dissipation is of crucial importance. For this, alpha-SiC commercial powders were used in synthesizing the catalyst due to its high thermal conductivity. Up to 25% MA yields were obtained and the reaction temperature was lowered by up to 28% using SiC/VPO mixed catalysts. The second part of this work is focused on the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process using cobalt silica supported catalysts. The main objective is the production of synthetic ultra high purity jet fuel (JP5). This is a very timely topic given the energy issues our world is facing. Almost all aspects of the FTS process have been extensively studied, however the effects of calcination temperature and silica support structure on the catalyst performance are lacking in literature. The catalysts were prepared using various silica supports. The catalysts had different drying and calcination temperatures. It was found that lower support surface area and calcination temperature catalysts exhibited higher activity due to lower support cobalt phase interaction. Co/silica catalysts calcined at 573K showed the highest CO conversion and the lowest CH4 selectivity. Catalysts prepared with 300m²/g support surface area exhibited 79.5% C5+ selectivity due to higher reducibility and less metal support interaction. The properties and performance of various prepared catalysts in both VPO and Co/silica systems are characterized by FTIR, XRD, BET, GC and XPS techniques. Theoretical FTS deactivation by sintering calculations and SiC/VPO particle temperature gradient calculations are presented as well. Finally, conclusions and future work on improving the yield and selectivity and scaling up the bench top setups are also presented.

One can use unlicensed and often very inexpensive radios for unconventional communication (underwater- and underground) links. However, one can go further, and use these radios as sensors rather than communication links. Such communication links and sensors can have important application in hydroscience. While the attenuation of RF signals is high in these mediums, by using the wireless sensor network (WSN) paradigm of multi-hop and retransmission, reliable networks can be formed underwater and underground. One no longer needs to think of RF modules as only a source of data transmission. This revelation lends itself to thinking of these modules as inexpensive RF wave generators at prescribed unlicensed frequencies. Analyzing the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of a link over time, one can infer changes in the medium from the changes in RSSI. In this thesis, I develop a simple mathematical model to relate changes in RSSI to changes in the medium. Additionally, five experimentally validated examples demonstrate the possibility of non-traditional uses for RF modules. Demonstrated sensor possibilities include soil moisture estimation, leaf wetness measurement, and vegetation water content estimation. This thesis served to validate the use of inexpensive unlicensed RF modules as more than just communication links through air, but as links in unconventional media, and more importantly as measurement instruments.

Abstract: Isobutylene is a high demand chemical that contributes to the production of fuel, plastic, and rubbers. It is produced industrially by different processes, as a byproduct of steam cracking of naphtha or a fluidized catalytic cracking or by isobutane dehydrogenation. Catalytic dehydrogenation of isobutane is in increasing importance because of the growing demand for isobutylene and the better economic advantage compared to other isobutylene production processes. Isobutane dehydrogenation is an endothermic reaction and to achieve good yields; it is preferred to work at higher temperatures. At these temperatures, carbon deposition leads to catalyst deactivation, which requires the catalyst to be regenerated on a frequent basis. Most of the current processes to produce isobutylene use either expensive platinum-based metal or toxic chromium-based catalysis. Hence, there is a demand to search for alternative catalysts that are a relatively cheap and non-toxic. To achieve this goal, Zirconia-supported Iron catalysts were prepared. To study the effect of active phase distribution, different iron loadings were tested for impregnation (3% to 10%) and co-precipitation (10%-20%). The catalysts show promising results that can achieve an isobutylene selectivity and yield of 91% and 31%, respectively, with isobutane conversion of 35%.

This dissertation contains three research chapters conducted on Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) of canola (Brassica napus L.). This disease is caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and is considered endemic in canola-producing areas of North Dakota. The first research chapter presents results of a study that evaluated the role of eight phenotyping scoring systems and nine variant calling and filtering methods in detection of QTL associated with response to SSR. The study, conducted on two doubled-haploid mapping populations, showed that using multiple phenotypic data sets derived from lesion length and plant mortality and imputing missing genotypic data increased the number of QTL detected without negatively affecting the effect (R2) of QTL. Nineteen QTL were detected on chromosomes A02, A07, A09, C01, and C03 in this study. The second research chapter presents results of a work that assessed the role of temperature regimes and wetness duration on S. sclerotiorum ascospore germination and ascosporic infection efficiency. This study showed that optimum ascospore germination occurred at 21 °C while it significantly decreased at 10 and 30 °C. Infection efficacy experiments indicated that extreme temperatures and interrupting wet periods were detrimental for the disease development. A logistic regression model with 75% accuracy was developed for the disease perdition. The third research chapter presents results of a study that evaluated the role of temperature on mycelial growth of 19 S. sclerotiorum isolates collected from different geographical regions and on SSR development on plant introduction (PI) lines with different levels of resistance. Mycelial growth and disease development peaked at 25 °C. While lesion expansion on resistant cultivars and the susceptible check was negatively affected at 30 °C, the disease developed significantly on the PI with a high level of susceptibility. Results of these studies provide insights into integrated management strategies of SSR.

Sanding and pruning are two practices used in the cranberry industry for vine management and yield stimulation. This study compared the effects of varying levels of sanding and pruning in April 2006 on vine canopy characteristics and yield over the course of two growing seasons. Each practice was applied at four levels: sanding at four depths: control (0 cm), light (1.5 cm), moderate (3.0 cm), or heavy (4.5 cm) of sand; pruning at four numbers of passes with a commercial pruner: control (0 passes), light (1 pass), moderate (2 passes), and heavy (3 passes). Pruning levels had no affect on upright density over the two seasons whereas heavy sanding treatment decreased the number of uprights per unit area significantly. A linear increase in light penetration was observed for the first season only as intensities increased for both pruning and sanding. Number of fruiting uprights relative to total uprights decreased in the first year as intensity increased for sanding and pruning. This effect continued in the second year for sanding treatments. Yield and net returns averaged over the two years were greatest in lightly pruned plots, followed by lightly sanded plots. Moderate and heavy treatments were associated with lower yields and net returns than those for the controls.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第24662号 / 農博第2545号 / 新制||農||1098(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R5||N5443(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 小杉 緑子, 教授 北山 兼弘, 教授 北島 薫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第23240号 / 農博第2447号 / 新制||農||1083(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R3||N5330(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 北山 兼弘, 准教授 小野田 雄介, 教授 小杉 緑子 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

A duração do período de molhamento (DPM) é de grande importância para a epidemiologia de doenças de plantas, pois desempenha papel fundamental em alguns processos epidemiológicos. Dessa forma, sua determinação torna-se indispensável para o entendimento da relação entre o clima e doenças de plantas. Sendo assim, este estudo teve como objetivos: definir uma posição padrão de instalação de sensores cilíndricos para a medida da DPM sobre gramado, avaliar a variabilidade espacial dessa variável em três diferentes culturas, relacionar a DPM medida em culturas agrícolas com aquela obtida em posto meteorológico e comparar a estimativa da DPM obtida com modelos empíricos com aquela medida com sensores eletrônicos. Na fase anterior à sua instalação no campo, todos os sensores eletrônicos foram previamente pintados com tinta látex e tratados termicamente. Após essa etapa, os sensores cilíndricos foram instalados sobre gramado a 30 cm de altura voltados para o sul. No período inicial, os sensores cilíndricos foram mantidos paralelos à horizontal, visando-se a avaliar a variabilidade entre os mesmos. Posteriormente, foram testados cinco diferentes ângulos de instalação. As medidas obtidas por esses sensores foram comparadas com a medida padrão, obtida por sensor de placa a 30 cm de altura e 45º de inclinação. Com a finalidade de se avaliar a variabilidade espacial da DPM, sensores eletrônicos de DPM foram distribuídos no dossel de três culturas: algodão, banana e café. As medidas obtidas nessas culturas foram comparadas com as fornecidas por sensor de placa em posição padrão. A estimativa da DPM foi feita por meio dos seguintes modelos: NHUR > 87%, CART, DPO e limiar estendido de umidade relativa para os períodos seco e chuvoso. As medidas obtidas por sensores cilíndricos sobre gramado apresentaram boa acurácia e precisão. A variação do ângulo de instalação não demonstrou ter efeito expressivo sobre a medida dos sensores cilíndricos para as condições locais. Contudo, é recomendável inclinar o sensor cilíndrico, uma vez que, trabalhos anteriores demonstram que esse pode superestimar a DPM quando instalado na horizontal. A avaliação da variabilidade espacial da DPM demonstrou que essa variável é influenciada pelas condições determinantes do microclima das culturas. O padrão de variação da DPM foi distinto para cada uma das culturas. Na cultura do algodão não foram observadas variações expressivas da DPM. Já no cafeeiro a DPM foi mais longa nas partes baixas da planta, enquanto que na cultura da banana essa foi mais longa no topo da cultura. Foram obtidas boas relações entre a DPM medida sobre gramado e aquela obtida no topo das culturas, demonstrando que é possível estimar tal variável por meio de dados obtidos em posto meteorológico. Os modelos NHUR > 87%, CART e DPO forneceram boas estimativas da DPM com erro absoluto médio variando de 1,4 a 2,8 h nos dois períodos avaliados. Durante a estação seca, os três primeiros modelos tenderam a subestimar a DPM. O modelo do limiar estendido de umidade relativa foi o que apresentou o pior desempenho entre os modelos avaliados, não sendo recomendável sua aplicação para condições semelhantes às deste estudo. / Leaf wetness duration (LWD) is a very important variable for plant disease epidemiology, since it plays an important role in some epidemiological processes. So its determination is essential for the understanding of the climate and plant disease relationship. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: to determine the standard deployment for cylindrical LWD sensors over turfgrass; to assess the spatial variability of this variable in three different crops; to relate the LWD measured at three different crop canopies to that obtained in a weather station; and to compare the LWD estimated by empirical model with that measured by electronic sensors. Before the field assessments, all electronic sensors were painted with white latex paint and submitted to a heat treatment. After this first stage, all cylindrical sensors where installed over turfgrass at 30-cm height deployed facing south. Firstly, all cylindrical sensors were deployed at horizontal in order to assess the variability among them. After that, five different deployment angles were tested. The measurements provided by those sensors were compared with the standard measurement, provided by flat plate sensors at 30-cm height and deployed at 45º. In order to assess the LWD spatial variability, electronic sensors were placed in three different crop canopies: cotton, banana and coffee. The measurements obtained in those crops were compared with LWD measured by flat plate sensors in a standard deployment over turfgrass. LWD were estimated using the following models: NHRH>87%, CART, DPD e extended threshold of relative humidity, for the dry and wet seasons. The measurements provided by cylindrical sensors over turfgrass had good accuracy and precision. The change in the angle of sensor deployment had no effect on LWD measured by cylindrical sensors, for the studied conditions. However, cylindrical sensors should not be deployed at horizontal because previous studies showed that they could overestimate LWD when deployed at horizontal. The LWD spatial variability assessment showed that this variable is dependent on the plant and/or crop conditions, which control the canopy microclimate. The pattern of variation of LWD was different for each crop assessed. In the cotton crop, LWD variations were negligible. On the other hand, in the coffee crop LWD was longer in the lower parts of the canopy while in the banana crop it was longer in the top of the canopy. A good correlation between LWD measured over turfgrass and that obtained in the crop top was achieved, which demonstrates that it is possible to estimate LWD using weather station data. The models NHRH>87%, CART, DPD provided good estimates of LWD with mean absolute error ranging from 1.4 to 2.8 h in both dry and wet periods. During the dry season, those models overestimated the LWD. The extended threshold model had the worst performance in relation to the other models, so it is not advised to use this model for similar climate conditions to this study.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-14T16:25:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leilson Lopes Santos Silva.pdf: 648009 bytes, checksum: 3453befdc26841cf0fe7cf84e0463cf2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-14T16:25:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leilson Lopes Santos Silva.pdf: 648009 bytes, checksum: 3453befdc26841cf0fe7cf84e0463cf2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-23 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The grape variety of Italy is the main table grapes exported by Brazil mainly in the region of the São Francisco, but has major problems that arise after the harvest, among them is the rot. Among several agents of rot in grapes is of alternaria rot caused by Alternaria alternata which has caused great losses to producers and consumers. Objective was to verify the influence of different concentrations of inoculum (103, 104, 105,106 e 107 conídios/mL), wet period (0, 12, 24, 36 e 48 h) and temperature (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC) on the development of two isolates of A. alternata grape var. Italy, in addition to possible physical-chemical changes (pH, TSS, TA and ascorbic acid) in grape. Bunches of grape apparently free of disease in commercial maturation stage were inoculated by two most aggressive isolates were selected for the test of aggression, with 10μL of suspensão A. alternata, and concentration of 106 conidia/mL showed the greatest lesion size, no significant difference between different periods of wetness and temperature of 25°C favored the development of rot and temperature 10°C is recommended for storage for seven days without affecting the physical-chemical and providing the decrease in disease severity. / A variedade de uva Itália é a principal uva fina de mesa exportada pelo Brasil principalmente na Região do Vale do São Francisco, mas possui grandes problemas que se apresentam após a colheita, entre eles se encontra as podridões. Entre vários agentes de podridões em uva se encontra a podridão de alternaria causada por Alternaria alternata que tem provocado grandes perdas aos produtores e consumidores. O objetivo do trabalho foi de verificar a influência de diferentes concentrações de inóculo (103, 104, 105, 106 e 107 conídios/mL), do período de molhamento (0, 12, 24, 36 e 48 h) e da temperatura (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC) sobre o desenvolvimento de dois isolados de A. alternata em uva var. Itália, além das possíveis alterações físico-químicas (pH, SST, AT e ácido ascórbico) nos cachos. Os cachos de uva aparentemente livre de doenças em estádio de maturação comercial foram inoculados por dois isolados mais agressivos, selecionados pelo teste de agressividade, com 10μL da suspensão de A. alternata, sendo que a concentração de 106 conídios/mL foi a que apresentou maior tamanho de lesão, não houve diferença significativa (ao nível de 5%) entre os diferentes períodos de molhamento e a temperatura em torno 25ºC favoreceu ao desenvolvimento da podridão e a temperatura ao redor 10ºC é recomendada para armazenamento durante sete dias sem afetar as características físico-químicas e proporcionando a diminuição da severidade da doença