While many riddles exist in the Anglo-Saxon Exeter Book containing female characters, both as actual human females and personified objects and aspects of nature, few scholars have discussed how the anthropomorphized “females” of the riddles challenge and broaden more conventional portrayals of what it meant to be “female” in Anglo-Saxon literature. True understanding of these riddles, however, comes only with this broader view of female, a view including a mixture of ferocity and nobility of purpose and character very reminiscent of the valkyrie (OE wælcyrige), a figure mentioned only slightly in Anglo-Saxon literature, but one who deserves more prominence, particularly when evaluating the riddles of the Exeter Book and two poems textually close to the riddles, The Wife's Lament and Wulf and Eadwacer, the only two poems with a female voice in the entire Old English corpus. Riddles represent culture from a unique angle. Because of their heavy dependence upon metaphor as a vehicle or disguise for the true subject of the riddle, the poet must employ a metaphor with similar characteristics to the true riddle subject, or the tenor of the riddle. As the riddle progresses, similarities between the vehicle and the tenor are listed for the reader. Within these similarities lie the common ground between the two objects, but the riddle changes course at some point and presents a characteristic the vehicle and tenor do not have in common, which creates a gap. This gap of similarities must be wide enough for the true solution to appear, but not so wide so that the reader cannot hope to solve the mental puzzle. Because many of the riddles of the Exeter Book involve women and portrayal of objects as “female,” it is important to analyze the use of “female” as a vehicle to see what similarities arise.

Bibliography: pages 204-228. / Historically Muslim women have been marginalised in the examination of Islamic texts and Muslim society. This has resulted in the non-recognition and silencing of women's perspectives as well as the concealment of some of the traumatic realities experienced by groups of Muslim women. Exacerbated by pervading social and religious notions of "private" families, the incidence of wife battery within Muslim societies have been largely hidden violence against wives is seen as the manifestation of a sexist and patriarchal ideology. This study examines the manner in which Islamic gender discourses inform and impact upon the phenomenon of violence against women. The related tensions between patriarchal and egalitarian Islamic perspectives are explored. This study involves a two-fold feminist analysis of gender ideology in religious texts and contemporary Muslim society. At the level of textual studies, I applied a feminist hermeneutic to medieval and contemporary Qur'anic exegetical literature. The examination of medieval period focused on the exegesis of Abu Jafar Muhumammad b. Jarir al-Tabari (839-922), Abu al-Qasim Mahmud b. Umar Zamakshari (1075-1144), Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149- 1210). The study of contemporary exegetical literature concentrated on the approaches and exegeses of Fazlur Rahman and Amina Wadud-Muhsin. Hermeneutical debates on violence against wives were focused on the interpretations of the Qur'anic notion of female nushuz (Q.4:34). In examining contemporary Muslim society, I employed feminist qualitative research methodology. I interviewed a number of women from a South African Muslim community in the Western Cape. Here, the sample consisted of eight women with whom open-ended in-depth interviews were conducted. The interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. I found that interweaving levels of religious symbols and discourses shaped normative understandings of gender relations. This in turn had implications for both structural and practical discourses of violence against women in Muslim societies. Islamic gender ideology spanned the continuum from patriarchal to feminist approaches. Misogynist religious understandings reinforced the husband's right to control and coerce his wife, even if this implied the use of force. On the other hand, egalitarian Islamic perspectives prioritised the Qur'anic ethics of equality and social justice and rejected the violation of women. I argue that Islam provides numerous resources for the pro-active empowerment of women and the promotion of the full humanity of women.

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Dagspressen har en samhällsfunktion som skapar intresse, förargelse, glädje eller avsmak för att lyckas med detta behöver varje journalist, redaktör och läsare bearbeta och fundera över den rapportering som görs. I denna undersökning har tjugo olika artiklar fördelat hälften var i dagstidningarna Svenska Dagbladet och Dagens Nyheter analyserats kring hur de har rapporterat, debatterat eller bara diskuterat våld i nära relation och hustrumisshandel under 1970-talet. Forskningsläget har indikerat att dagspressen har ansvar i vilka frågor och vad som skapar stora samhällsfrågor. Undersökningen har visat att pressen rapporterar om orsaker, konsekvenser och detaljerade scenarion kring våld i nära relation men också att den arbetar med stora frågor i debatterande och diskuterande former. Dagspressen har dessutom förändrat hur rapporteringen ser ut under den undersökta perioden, vad som blivit viktigt att förmedla och hur det har förmedlats. / The daily press has a social function that creates interest, anger, joy, or distaste. To succeed in this, every journalist, editor, and reader needs to process and think about the reporting that is done. In this survey, twenty different articles, divided equally between the daily newspapers Svenska Dagbladet and Dagens Nyheter, have been analyzed. The analysis has focused on how the articles have reported, debated, or just discussed violence in intimate relationships and wife abuse during the 1970s. Previous research shows that the daily press has responsibility in critical issues in society. The survey has shown that the press reports on causes, consequences and detailed scenarios around violence in close relationships and that it works with major issues in debating and discussions as well. Over the investigated period, the daily press has also changed how the reporting presented, what is seen as important to convey and how.

Thesis (M.A. (English Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / This study will examine the position of traditional African women as explored in the fictions, The Joys of Motherhood (Buchi Emecheta) and So Long a Letter (Mariama Bâ). It will probe into the depiction of a traditional African woman in the selected texts under thematic issues which will assist us in understanding how Emacheta and Ba perceive issues that directly impact the lives of women, even today. The issues include patriarchy, marriage, motherhood and childbearing, sex and gender, objectification of women, and the role of the chief wife. Both Emecheta and Bâ use communal voices that blend cultural incidents with fiction to demonstrate the subordinate role played by women in traditional African societies that are characterised by patriarchal practices and suppression of women. Both Emecheta and Bȃ demonstrate cultural and religious stereotypes towards African women. This study will apply the African womanism lens as a theoretical framework to underpin it. The study will attempt to reveal that, from the selected texts, contemporary African women writers oppose the injustice inflicted upon them through marriage or gender (sex) stereotypes. The selected fictions help the audience understand the plight of some African women.

Based on the poetry of Jehanne Dubrow, professor of English at the University of North Texas, Stateside: An opera in one act uses the mythology of Penelope and Odysseus to tell a story of a modern day military wife. David T. Little's opera Soldier Songs, Sarah Kirkland Snider's song-cycle Penelope, and Stateside are dramatic musical works influenced by the genre, instrumentation, and formal structures of popular music that broadly deal with the emotional and internal elements of military life. These three works prioritize narrative structure of the text in relation to character, and employ elements of popular music harmony, melody, and structure. The critical essay analyzes selections from Soldier Songs and Penelope and explains the compositional process of Stateside. The creative document consists of the full score of Stateside: an opera in one act.

Thesis (M. A. (Sociology)) -- University of the North, 1974 / Refer to the document

L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier trois romans écrits par des auteurs anglophones du Pakistan ou de l'Inde, à savoir Bapsi Sidhwa, Bharati Mukherjee et Hanif Kureishi. On pourrait être tenté de placer les trois écrivains de cette étude dans la catégorie «littérature des immigrants». Ils écrivent tous à un moment de migration de masse lorsque l'idée de «choc culturel» parmi les peuples occidentaux commence à être plus évidente. Les trois écrivains sont affectés par des thèmes qui apparaissent seulement de manière marginale dans le débat évoqué ci-dessus, l'accent étant principalement mis sur les difficultés culturelles et sociales des femmes dans la société indo-pakistanaise. Quant à Kureishi, la polarisation mentionnée ci-dessus suppose un accent très différent, impliquant la situation d'un Asiatique né et élevé dans la société occidentale. Dans cette évaluation globale du contexte idéologique et historique commun aux trois écrivains, il sera important d'examiner les attitudes spécifiques adoptées par chaque écrivain par rapport à son expérience personnelle. L'objectif principal de cette étude sera donc thématique, en se concentrant sur les préoccupations spécifiques de ces écrivains et sur la manière dont cela se manifeste dans leur représentation particulière des tensions en jeu. / The objective of this thesis is to study three novels written by English-speaking authors of Pakistan or India, namely Bapsi Sidhwa, Bharati Mukherjee and Hanif Kureishi. One might be tempted to place the three writers of this study in the category of "literature of immigrants." They all write at a time of mass migration when the idea of "cultural shock" among Western peoples begins to be more evident. All three writers are affected by themes which appear only marginally in the debate evoked above, much of the emphasis being on the cultural and social difficulties of women in Indo-Pakistani society. As for Kureishi, the polarization mentioned above assumes a very different emphasis, involving the situation of an Asian born and brought up inside Western society. Within this overall assessment of the ideological and historical context common to all three writers, it will thus be important to examine the specific attitudes adopted by each writer in relation to his or her own personal experience. The main focus of this study will therefore be thematic, centering on these writers’ specific preoccupations and the way this is seen in their peculiar depiction of the tensions at stake.

Text in Afrikaans / By ontbinding van 'n huwelik buite gemeenskap van goed beskik die hof oor 'n diskresionere bevoegdheid om 'n herverdeling van bates van die onderskeie boedels te gelas. Die voorvereiste, naamlik 'n bydrae tot die instandhouding of vergroting van die boedel van die ander en die uitleg van die bewoording van die wet bring egter mee dat die hof se diskresie om 'n billike herverdeling te beveel ingekort is. Bydrae behoort op gelyke vlak tesarne met al die relevante faktore 'n rol te speel. Huwelikswangedrag behoort 'n beperkte rol te speel by herverdelingsbevele. In sekere gevalle sal dit egter onbillik wees om skuld as faktor te ignoreer. Die skuld van die party teen wie die verdeling gevra word behoort nie 'n rol te speel nie. Sekere wetswysiginge is nodig ten einde die doel van die wet, naamlik bereiking van geregtigheid tussen die partye, te bewerkstellig. / On dissolution of a maniage out of commwrity of property the court has discretionary power to order a distribution of the assets of the different estates. The precondition, namely a contribution to the maintenance or increase of the estate of the other, and the interpretation of the words of the act, however, results in a curtailment of the court's discretion to order a just and equitable distribution. Contribution should play a role on the same level as all the other relevant factors. Misconduct should play a restricted role in a redistribution order. However, in certain cases it would be inequitable to ignore misconduct as a factor. The misconduct of the party against whom the redistribution is sought should not play a role. Certain amendments of the act are necessary to achieve the aim of the act, namely the attaining of equity between the parties. / Private Law / LL. M.

Thesis (MDiv)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation deals with the concept of celibacy, as interpreted from 1 Corinthians 7: 1-28, the development of the term in the Protestant tradition, and its use in our current context (which includes the Reformed tradition). This dissertation makes a thorough exegetical study and it especially analyses the Protestant tradition (with the development of celibacy within the tradition). Lastly it looks at the way the term celibacy is used today in the Dutch Reformed tradition. The main focus is precisely the relationship and differences that occur between 1 Corinthians 7: 1-28 and the use of the term celibacy in the Protestant tradition, and also the use of celibacy in our understanding today. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie skripsie handel oor die konsep van selibaat, soos geïnterpreteer vanuit 1 Korintiërs 7: 1-28, die ontwikkeling van die term in die Protestantse tradisie en ook die gebruik daarvan in ons huidige konteks (wat die Nederduitse Gereformeerde tradisie insluit). Die skripsie maak ʼn deeglike eksegetiese studie en die skripsie ontleed ook veral die Protestantse tradisie (met die ontwikkeling van selibaat binne die tradisie). Dit kyk ook laastens na die manier hoe die term selibaat vandag gebruik word vanuit die Nederduitse Gereformeerde tradisie. Die hooffokus is juis die verbande en verskille wat daar ontstaan tussen 1 Korintiërs 7:1-28 en die gebruik van die term selibaat in die Protestantse tradisie, en ook die gebruik van selibaat in ons verstaan van die konsep vandag.