This thesis deals with the topic of work engagement. Firstly, various concepts of work engagement and approaches to measuring this concept are presented. Moreover, the context of engagement and its relations to important aspects of working life are being discussed. Lastly, links between work engagement and important organizational indicators of success are being outlined. The research project aims to determine relationships between selected work resources, work engagement and business performance, turnover and client satisfaction within the branch network of a Czech banking company. Research results showed a significant relationship between work engagement and all measured work resources. Part of the relationship between work resources and work engagement has been shown to be mediated through perceived meaningfulness of work. Furthermore, the significance of work engagement as a predictor of business performance was successfully verified. No significant correlations were found between work engagement, turnover and client satisfaction. Keywords work engagement, employee engagement, predictors, work resources, business performance, turnover, client satisfaction, meaningfulness of work

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationships between job satisfaction, work engagement, and turnover intention of health science teachers in the state of Texas. The healthcare profession is one of the largest growing occupations in the U.S. nationwide. The job growth outlook for healthcare professionals is projected to be on average 34% between 2014 and 2024. Despite the growing healthcare job categories, there is a shortage of healthcare professionals in the U.S. This study addressed the shortage of health science teachers in secondary education. Considering the importance of healthcare, especially with an aging U.S. population, it is critical to study the impact of work engagement and job satisfaction on teacher intent to leave the health science teaching profession. Through a correlational survey research design it was found that job satisfaction and work engagement are negatively related to turnover intention. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that job satisfaction accounted for 39.6% of the variation in turnover intention. Findings also showed that work engagement did not moderate the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention. Implications for research and practice are discussed and conclusions are provided.

Metod Vi ämnar undersöka om samband finns mellan informellt lärande och arbetsrelaterad stress samt om sambandet skiljer sig åt mellan att vara sjukskriven och icke sjukskriven.Teoretisk referensram utifrån krav-kontroll-stödmodellen (Karasek & Theorell, 1990).Studien utgår från en kvantitativ metod där korrelationsanalyser samt regressionsanalyser genomfördes av variabler som sammanställts från LPW (α = .82) samt PSS-14 (α = .89). All data sammanställdes i IBM SPSS.27. Urvalsgrupp var personal inom särskilda boende för äldre. Resultat En multipel regressionsanalys visar att ett negativt medelstarkt samband(Beta = -.48, p < .01) fanns mellan informellt lärande och arbetsrelaterad stress. Ingen modererande effekt förelåg i förhållandet mellan informellt lärande och arbetsrelaterad stress kopplat till sjukfrånvaro. Av de 131 medarbetarna som erbjöds delta svarade 52 personer på enkäten (N=52).  Slutsats Det informella lärandet och stress har utifrån tidigare forskning visat ha en inverkanpå medarbetarnas arbetsprestation och arbetstillfredsställelse. Informellt lärande skapar konkurrenskraftiga verksamheter där ett gott arbetsresultat uppnås samt stimulerar till engagemang och positivitet för både verksamhet och medarbetare. En hög grad av stress uppvisar motsatt effekt på arbetsprestation och arbetstillfredsställelse.Vår slutsats är att både samhälle och organisationen kan vinna ekonomiska fördelar genom att minska stress och öka det informella lärandet då detta kan generera en ökad kvalitet i offentlig sektor. Detta då vårt funna resultat visat på ett signifikant medelstarkt negativt samband mellan informellt lärande och arbetsrelaterad stress, men som varken förstärks eller försvagas bland sjukskrivna respektive icke-sjukskrivna respondenter inom studerad verksamhet i offentlig sektor. / Method We intend to investigate whether there is a connection between informal learning and work-related stress and whether the connection differs between being on sick leave and not on sick leave. Theoretical frame of reference based on the requirements-control-supportmodel (Karasek & Theorell, 1990). The study is based on a quantitative method where correlation analyzes and regression analyzes were performed on variables compiled fromLPW (α = .82) and PSS-14 (α = .89). All data was compiled in IBM SPSS.27. The selection group was staff in special housing for the elderly. Results A multiple regression analysis shows a negative medium-strong relationship (Beta = -.48, p <.01) was found between informal learning and work-related stress. There was no moderating effect in the relationship between informal learning and work-related stress linked to sick leave. Of the 131 employees who were offered to participate, 52 people responded to the survey (N = 52). Conclusion Based on previous research, informal learning and stress have been shown to have an impact on employees' work performance and job satisfaction. Informal learning creates competitive operations where a good work result is achieved and stimulates commitment and positivity for both operations and employees. A high degree of stress has the opposite effect on job performance and job satisfaction.Our conclusion is that both society and the organization can gain economic benefits by reducing stress and increasing informal learning as this can generate increased quality in the public sector. This is because our found results showed a significant moderate negative relationship between informal learning and work-related stress, but which is neither strengthened or weakened among sick-listed and non-sick-respondents in studied activities inthe public sector.

Past research has shown the likelihood of work-to-family conflict in employees' struggle to manage work, family, and personal life, however, work-to-family conflict remained unexamined in employees' job attitudes at different job levels. Previous studies highlighted that employees at higher job level experience greater work-to-family conflict than employees at lower job level. The purpose of the study was to examine the moderating effects of job level (supervisory or managerial and nonsupervisory or nonmanagerial) on the relationships between work-to-family conflict and job attitudes (job satisfaction, work engagement, organizational commitment, and turnover intention). In this quantitative study, the theoretical framework included conflict theory and role enhancement theory. A convenience sampling of 149 working adults, aged 18 years to 65 years) volunteered to participate in an online survey. Participants completed an online survey. Collected data were analyzed using regression analysis. Based on the results, job level of the working adults moderated the relationships between work-to-family conflict and job attitudes, such that the relationship between work-to-family conflict and job attitudes of the working adults was stronger at high job level than at low job level.The findings may contribute to positive social change by providing useful information for human resource and management personnel of organizations in designing job level-specific training programs (e.g., work-life balance practices) and structuring appropriate settings (e.g., alternate work locations) to take control of leading, managing or coordinating projects, tasks or events in their work situations.

Frågan om det finns något sätt att förutsäga hög arbetsprestation hos individer är på många sätt relevant i organisationssammanhang. Tidigare forskning har visat att personlighet och arbetsengagemang relaterar till prestation, för vad är det egentligen som bidrar till hög individuell arbetsprestation? Syftet med föreliggande studie var att med hjälp av en enkätundersökning undersöka vilken roll personlighet och arbetsengagemang spelar för individuell arbetsprestation. Studiens hypoteser handlade om vilken prediktor, arbetsengagemang eller ett specifikt personlighetsdrag som kunde förklara mest av variationen i individuell arbetsprestation. En kvantitativ studie genomfördes med hjälp av en webbaserad enkätundersökning som baserades på mätinstrument för individuell arbetsprestation (Individual Work Performance Questionnaire), arbetsengagemang (Utrecht Work Engagement Scale) samt personlighet (Mini International Personality Item Pool-6). Kriterierna för att få delta var att vara över 18 år samt besitta en arbetslivserfarenhet över 6 månader. Studiens deltagande uppgick till 162 personer (ålder: M = 35.8, SD = 14.5). Resultaten från regressionsanalysen överensstämde med studiens hypoteser där arbetsengagemang var den överlag starkaste prediktorn för att kunna förutsäga individuell arbetsprestation. Av personlighetsdragen hade conscientiousness störst samband för uppgiftsbaserad prestation samt kontextuell prestation, medan neuroticism hade störst samband för kontraproduktivt arbetsbeteende. Studiens slutsats var att det mest effektiva sättet att mäta individuell arbetsprestation på var genom mätinstrumentet Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) som mäter arbetsengagemang. / The question of whether there is a way of forecasting high individual work performance is in many ways relevant in organizational contexts. Previous research has shown that personality and work engagement relate to work performance but what part exactly is it that contributes to high individual work performance? The purpose of this paper was to conduct a survey to investigate the relevance between personality and work engagement variables and their correlation to individual work performance. The hypotheses of the study concerned which predictor, work engagement or a specific personality trait could explain most of the variation in individual work performance. A quantitative study was conducted using a web-based survey based on measuring instruments for individual work performance (Individual Work Performance Questionnaire), work engagement (Utrecht Work Engagement Scale) and personality (Mini International Personality Item Pool-6). To participate you had to be over the age of 18 and exceeded 6 months of work experience. 162 participants were involved in this study (M = 35.8, SD = 14.5). The results show that work engagement was the strongest predictor to forecast high individual work performance. In regard to task-based and contextual performance the results show a correlation with the personality trait conscientiousness, while counterproductive work behaviour had a strong correlation with neuroticism. The study shows that the most effective way to estimate individual work performance was through Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9), which measures work engagement.

The Master's thesis focuses on the complexities of quality of work life and work engagement among education staff. The introduction presents a general overview of key concepts and outlines the development of approaches and the wider context. Drawing on the theoretical background, the following text addresses specific problems in greater detail. While the first chapter deals with a more general understanding of quality of life in various disciplines, the second chapter narrows its focus to the concept of quality of work life introducing selected theories and contemporary research approaches. Another thematic part of the thesis explores work engagement - it defines the concept, its development and relation to other phenomena (for instance, work satisfaction, well-being, or the burn-out syndrome). The thesis also includes an empirical study with the intention to describe the subjectively perceived quality of work life and the level of work engagement among employees of educational organizations. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, numerous measures needed to be adopted, which have profoundly transformed and influenced the way teachers perform their job tasks. The turbulent nature and low predictability of related changes represent an unprecedented challenge and can influence long-term quality of work life...

Bakgrund: På dagens arbetsmarknad är det vanligt förekommande att ofta byta jobb. Att medarbetare själva väljer att lämna ett arbete är kostsamt ur ett organisatoriskt perspektiv och företag som definieras som kunskapsföretag är extra sårbara när personal väljer att lämna företaget. Därmed är företagens arbete med Employee Retention betydelsefullt. En studie gjord av Randstad (2018) undersökte de främsta orsakerna till att svenska medarbetare väljer att avsluta sin anställning. Dessa tre orsaker har i denna studie definierats som lön, arbetsengagemang och kompetensutveckling. Problemformulering: Hur arbetar kunskapsföretag för att behålla sin personal utifrån lön, arbetsengagemang och kompetensutveckling? Syfte: Syftet med studien är att få en djupare förståelse för hur kunskapsföretag arbetar med att behålla personal utifrån de tre främsta orsakerna till att svenska medarbetare säger upp sig, enligt Randstads Employer Brand Research 2018. Metod: En kvalitativ studie av sex stycken kunskapsföretag. Teori: Den teoretiska referensramen innefattar litteratur och vetenskapliga artiklar som används i syfte för att besvara studiens syfte och frågeställning. Den teoretiska referensramen har sammanställts i en analysmodell. Empiri: Insamlingen av empiriska data har skett genom kvalitativa och semistrukturerade intervjuer med personalansvariga på respektive företag. Analys: Det empiriska materialet har analyserats med hjälp av en analysmodell samt med stöd av vetenskaplig litteratur om respektive orsak. Slutsats: Studiens resultat påvisar att ingen av företagen arbetar efter uttalade och väl integrerade strategier av Employee retention. Dock uppges diverse Human Resource Management-metoder i syfte att behålla företagens personal. Samtliga företag arbetar för att behålla sin personal utifrån orsakerna lön, arbetsengagemang och kompetensutveckling på liknande tillvägagångssätt, dock förekommer vissa skillnader. I slutsatsen besvaras den ställda frågeställningen samt studiens syfte. / Background: In today's labor market it is common to often change jobs. The fact that employees choose to leave a job is costly from an organization's perspective, and companies defined as knowledge companies are particularly vulnerable when employees choose to leave the company. Thus, corporate work with Employee retention is important. A study conducted by Randstad (2018) examined the main reasons why Swedish employees choose to terminate their employment. These have been defined in this study as salary, work engagement and skills development. Problem: How do knowledge companies work to keep their staff based on salary, work engagement and competence development? Purpose: The aim of the study is to gain a deeper understanding of how knowledge companies work to retain staff based on the three main reasons why Swedish employees quit their jobs, according to Randstad Employer Brand Research 2018. Method: A qualitative study of six knowledge companies. Theory: The theoretical frame of reference includes literature and scientific articles used for the purpose of answering the study's purpose and problem. The theoretical frame of reference has been compiled in an analysis model. Empiricism: The collection of empirical data has been done through qualitative and semistructured interviews with the personal manager of the respective companies. Analysis: The empirical material has been analysed using an analysis model and with the support of scientific literature on the respective cause. Conclusion: The study's findings show that none of the companies are working according to pronounced and well-integrated strategies of Employee retention. However, various Human Resource Management methods are reported in order to retain the company's personnel. All case companies work to maintain their staff based on the reasons salary, work engagement and competence development on similar approaches, however, there are some differences. The study's conclusion answers the problem and the purpose of the study.

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Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur det psykologiska kontraktet relaterar till arbetsengagemang hos anställda med flexibla anställningsvillkor. En kvantitativ studie genomfördes varav en digital enkät skickades ut på sociala medier. Enkäten baserades på mätverktygen The Psychological Contract Inventory (PCI) och Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). Datainsamlingen genererade 101 enkätsvar som analyserades genom en hierarkisk multipel regressionsanalys samt genom Person’s korrelationsanalys. Resultatet visade att tre av kontraktsformerna i det psykologiska kontraktet (det relationella kontraktet, det balanserade kontraktet och övergångskontraktet) och även ålder förklarade en signifikant del av variansen av arbetsengagemang. Analysen visade även att det relationella kontraktet predicerade arbetsengagemang i högst grad. / The purpose of this study was to examine how the psychological contract relates to work engagement among employees with flexible employment conditions. A quantitative study was conducted, and a digital survey was distributed on social media. The survey was based on the measurement tools The Psychological Contract Inventory (PCI) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9). The data collection generated 101 questionnaire responses, which were analyzed through hierarchical multiple regression analysis and Person's correlation analysis. The results showed that three of the contract forms in the psychological contract (the relational contract, the balanced contract, and the transitional contract), as well as age, explained a larger part of the variance in work engagement. The analysis also showed that the relational contract predicted work engagement to the highest degree.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between burnout and work engagement among employees in the pharmaceutical distribution industry. The research conducted on these concepts was geared towards adding to the knowledge base in the field of industrial and organisational psychology, to enable the current organisation from which the sample was chosen and other organisations in South Africa to focus on the effect that burnout has on employees, which directly affects the company. A quantitative survey using primary data was conducted on a convenience sample (N = 204) of full-time employees in a South African pharmaceutical distribution company. The Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey model (MBI-GS) and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) model were used to gather data. The work engagement-burnout continuum has received a great deal of research attention (Maslach, Schaufeli, & Leiter, 2001; Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003; Schutte, Toppinen, Kalimo, & Schaufeli, 2000) that has produced contradicting results. One viewpoint regards the core constructs of work engagement and burnout as opposite poles of two continua (vigour-exhaustion and dedication-cynicism), labelled energy and identification, respectively (González-Romá, Schaufeli, Bakker, & Lloret, 2006). Work engagement is ”characterized by a high level of energy and strong identification with one’s work”, while burnout is ”characterized by the opposite: A low level of energy combined with poor identification with one’s work” (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003, p. 5; Bakker, Schaufeli, Leiter, & Taris, 2008). Hence work engagement and burnout can be recognised as inseparable and co-dependent constructs that share more or less 10 to 25% of their variance and are moderately negatively related (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004; Schaufeli, Salanova, González-Romá, & Bakker, 2002). The second viewpoint regards work engagement and burnout as being strongly related, but fundamentally different in their separation in the work experience. They are therefore not opposite poles of a continuum (Denton, Newton, & Bower, 2008; Huhtala & Parzefall, 2007; Rothmann & Joubert, 2007; Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004; Schaufeli et al., 2002). Work engagement is defined as a ”positive, fulfilling, work-related state of mind that is characterised by vigour, dedication, and absorption” (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2004, p. 295). Burnout, however, is defined by Maslach and Jackson (1981, p. 99) as a ”syndrome of emotional exhaustion and cynicism that occurs frequently amongst individuals who do ‘people-work’ of some kind”. The statistical results of this study confirmed the hypothesis. It was found that there is a significant relationship between burnout and work engagement. Burnout is indeed negatively related to work engagement in the contact centre. However, a definitive relationship between burnout and work engagement in the distribution centre was not established. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M. Comm. (Industrial Psychology)