Orientador: Heleno Rodrigues Corrêa Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T02:50:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Stenger_Eunice_D.pdf: 85030272 bytes, checksum: a69c9a0f209ac8b7f2341213f4f8a023 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O presente trabalho partiu do questionamento sobre a tendência temporal e ecológica das morbidades mentais entre metalúrgicos e trabalhadores da educação. Investigamos o possível relacionamento dessas tendências com as mudanças que intensificaram o processo de trabalho em dois setores de atividade econômica muito diferentes. Esta tese combinou método de estudo de caso do setor metalúrgico com estudo ecológico nacional sobre trabalhadores da metalurgia e da educação. Realizamos o estudo de caso com observação direta e entrevistas no ambiente de trabalho sucedida por estudo documental histórico sobre empresa metalúrgica transnacional utilizando fontes públicas oficiais: _ Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego ¿ MTe, Ministério Público do Estado de São Paulo ¿ MP e o Ministério Público do Trabalho ¿ MPT. Numa segunda etapa os trabalhadores da educação foram comparados com metalúrgicos em estudo ecológico que usou bases nacionais brasileiras de dados sobre benefícios do Instituto Nacional de Seguridade Social ¿ INSS. Os desfechos epidemiológicos foram diagnósticos concedidos no Brasil aos trabalhadores para Licenças do Trabalho para tratamento de Saúde ¿ LTS e as exposições estudadas foram as categorias econômicas classificadas na Classificação Nacional de Atividades Econômicas ¿ CNAE, versão 2.0, para período de doze anos entre 2000-2011. O primeiro artigo abordou riscos psicossociais decorrentes da introdução de um novo modelo de gestão, o Lean Production, em uma indústria metalúrgica. O Lean passou a ser objeto de observação do trabalho de campo realizado no ano de 1996, quando a empresa passava por processo de fusão e internacionalização. Foram feitas entrevistas chave de trabalhadores e gerentes, complementadas posteriormente com análise documental. Anos depois, entre 2004 e 2009 voltamos a estudar a empresa, refazendo entrevistas a sindicatos e analisando processo judicial no MPT que lhe atribuía más condições trabalhistas, riscos à saúde e ao xx ambiente do trabalho. Essa metodologia criou oportunidade inédita de confrontar observação direta com resultantes posteriores sobre o trabalho e a saúde dos trabalhadores. O questionamento fundamental foi sobre relações entre o modelo de gestão - lean-production - e sua possível associação com riscos psicossociais à saúde dos trabalhadores. Constatamos nos processos judiciais que aquela multinacional de autopeças foi questionada pelo uso de jornadas excessivas com horas extras de trabalho, trabalho sem descanso semanal e jornadas com duração acima de dez horas. Essas condições de trabalho foram consideradas pelo MTe, MP e MPT como fontes de riscos psicossociais associados com afastamentos relacionados a adoecimento pelo trabalho. Os artigos Dois e Três analisamos adoecimentos de trabalhadores no setor da metalurgia no Brasil no período de 2000 a 2011. Nestes artigos descrevemos as doenças às quais foram atribuídas as LTS analisando fontes brasileiras de dados para todo o mercado formal de trabalho (celetista) no país. Os numeradores foram extraídos dos diagnósticos que motivaram as LTS classificados pela Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID10) no Sistema Único de Benefícios (SUB) do INSS. Os denominadores foram retirados da GFIP ¿ Guia de Recolhimento do Fundo de Garantia por tempo de Serviço (FGTS) e de Informações à Previdência Social cobrindo doze anos no período 2000 a 2011. Estes artigos apresentam estudo ecológico descritivo sobre uma coorte nacional dinâmica não concorrente dos trabalhadores de cada setor da economia formal e traçaram as tendências das doenças mais prevalentes (artigo 2), detalhando posteriormente a comparação entre as incidências de LTS por doenças mentais e cardiovasculares entre os trabalhadores das duas categorias de atividades econômicas (artigo 3). O artigo 2 descreve as causas principais de LTS. As lesões externas foram a principal causa de afastamentos entre trabalhadores da metalurgia ¿ variando de 125,4 a 221,6 por 10.000 trabalhadores com vínculo celetista. A segunda causa foram os distúrbios musculoesqueléticos com 85,5 a 207.1 benefícios por 10.000 xxi trabalhadores. Seguiram-se os transtornos mentais com 19,8 a 58,8 / 10.000 na metalurgia e 11,5 a 38,9 / 10.000 entre os trabalhadores da educação. O câncer apareceu como a única categoria de doenças com incidência mais alta de LTS entre os trabalhadores da educação comparados aos da metalurgia. Os transtornos mentais atingiram mais os metalúrgicos que aos trabalhadores do ensino. Esse foi o achado mais importante e reforçou a hipótese de que o `Lean Production¿ trouxe estressores aos ambientes de trabalho e contribuiu para aumentar os adoecimentos e trazer os metalúrgicos a um nível de adoecimento psíquico mais elevado que o dos trabalhadores da educação. Estudamos no artigo 3 os adoecimentos mentais e cardiovasculares entre trabalhadores da educação e metalúrgicos. A força de trabalho média anual da metalurgia variou entre 268.759 e 468.613 no período de 2000 a 2011. Um total de 19.722 trabalhadores sofreram afastamento por transtornos mentais e 10.787 tiraram LTS por doenças do aparelho circulatório. Entre os transtornos mentais predominaram os transtornos do humor com curvas de afastamento superiores para os trabalhadores da metalurgia com pico de 29,2 comparados a 25,7 / 10.000 entre trabalhadores da educação em 2006. Os transtornos mentais por abuso de substâncias psicoativas apresentam tendência de elevação mais importante entre os trabalhadores da metalurgia (15,9 v.g. 2,4 / 10.000 em 2011). Também os transtornos neuróticos relacionados com o stress predominam entre os metalúrgicos até 2008 (11,0 v.g. 9,2 / 10.000). Entre as doenças do aparelho circulatório predominaram as doenças das veias e linfáticos principalmente entre trabalhadores da metalurgia (19,1 v.g. 8,7 / 10.000). As doenças hipertensivas predominaram entre trabalhadores do ensino com picos de 6,5 / 10.000 em 2002 e 2004 comparados a 4,5 / 10.000 entre metalúrgicos em 2005 com tendência decrescente até 1,4 e 1,0 respectivamente em 2011. As doenças isquêmicas do coração flutuam entre valores próximos de 2,5 e 4,1 por 10.000 trabalhadores, sendo que a curva em geral é mais elevada para os trabalhadores da metalurgia e ambas categorias apresentaram tendências de queda a partir de 2008 / Abstract: The present research departed from questioning the time trends and the ecology of mental morbidities amongst workers in metallurgy and education. We investigated the possible relationships of those trends with the increased work process intensity, which changed these two sectors of the economy with so different settings. This thesis combined the method of a case study in the metallurgy sector with a national ecologic study on workers of metallurgy and education. We conducted the case study with direct observation and interviews at the work environment followed by a historic and documental study on a transnational metallurgical company using official public records from the: _ National Department of Labor and Employment ¿ MTe, São Paulo State Department of Public Attorneys ¿ MP and the Federal Department of Labor Public Attorneys ¿ MPT. In a second step, we compared education workers with metallurgists in an ecologic design that used Brazilian national databases of workers¿ compensations from the National Institute of Social Security ¿ INSS. The epidemiologic outcome was the diagnosed morbidity recorded in Brazil when workers claimed sick leaves ¿ LTS and the exposure studied was presumed to working in the economic sectors classified according the National Classification of Economic Activities ¿ CNAE, version 2.0, for the twelve years period of 2000-2011. The first article addressed psychosocial risks arising from the introduction of the de Lean Production method in a metallurgic industry. This method combined a field observation conducted in the year 1996 with key interviews of workers and managers. It was complementary added to a historical documental analysis long afterwards the moment of the field observation when the company was undergoing the merging and internationalization process. Years later, from 2000 through 2009, we analyzed the litigation process put by the MPT that attributed to the company the responsibility for bad working conditions, with risks to workers¿ health and work xxvi environment. This methodology created the unprecedented opportunity of confronting results from direct observation with late results on workers¿ health and work environment inspection. Our fundamental question was on the relationships between the managing model of - lean-production and its possible association with psychosocial risks at work. We found that the multinational auto parts company was sued after using excessive journeys with long extra working hours, the lack of weekly days of resting, and work journeys longer than then hours a day. The MTe, MP and the MPT considered these working conditions as a source of psychosocial risks associated with sick leaves and working related morbidity. Articles 2 and 3 described the diseases to which sick leaves (LTS) were attributed after analyzing the Brazilian database sources for the total of the national formal labor market in the country. Numerators were taken from the diagnosed morbidity classified according to the International Classification of Diseases - (ICD10 /CID10) that were considered the reasons for the LTS at the National Unified Compensations¿ System (SUB) of the INSS. Denominators came from the GFIP ¿ a database that combined the Tax Report Form of the Worker¿s Savings Fund of Working Time (FGTS) together with the Labor Force Reports to the Department of National Social Security that covered a twelve years period from 2000 to 2011. These two articles reported a descriptive ecologic study on a national dynamic and non-concurrent cohort of workers in each sector of the formal economy. They traced the twelve years trend of the most prevalent diseases (article 2), detailing at last the comparison between the LTS incidences due to mental and cardiovascular diseases among workers of the two categories of economic activity (article 3). Article 2 describes main causes for LTS. External causes were the most incident reasons for sick leaves among metalworkers ¿ varying from 125.4 to 221.6 by 10,000 formally registered jobs. The second group were musculoskeletal disorders with 85.5 to 207.1 LTS for 10,000 workers. Mental disorders followed in both sectors with 19.8 to 58.8 / 10,000 in metallurgy and 11.5 to 38.9 / 10,000 among xxvii education workers. Cancer appeared as the only disease group¿s category with high LTS incidence among educators compared to metalworkers. Mental disorders affected more metalworkers than those in education. This was the most important finding that reinforced the hypothesis that the `Lean Production¿ method brought more stressors to the work environment and contributed to increase morbidity of metalworkers to levels of mental disorders above those in the educational economic sector. Article 3 studied the LTS due to mental and cardiovascular diseases comparing educational and metalworkers. The yearly mean employed work force in metallurgy varied from 268,759 to 468,613 job places in the period 2000 through 2011. About 19,722 metalworkers took LTS due to mental disorders and 10,787 were affected by circulatory disorders. Mental disorders were mostly specified as affective and mood disorders with sick leaves¿ trends of metallurgy well above with peaks of 29.2 compared to 25.7 / 10,000 among education workers in 2006. Mental disorders due to psychoactive drugs¿ abuse (F10- F19) showed an increasing trend more important among metalworkers (15.9 vs. 2.4 / 10,000 in 2011). Stress related neurotic disorders were also predominant among metalworkers until 2008 (11.0 vs. 9.2 / 10,000). Diseases of lymphatic vessels and veins were the main causes of LTS in the cardiovascular diseases¿ group especially among metalworkers (19.1 vs. 8.7 / 10,000). Hypertensive diseases predominate among education workers with peaks of 6.5 / 10,000 in 2002 and 2004 compared to 4.5 / 10,000 among metalworkers in 2005 both with a decreasing trend until 1.4 and 1.0 respectively in 2011. Ischemic heart diseases drifted among figures close to 2.5 and 4.1 / 10,000 workers with the metalworkers running always above despite both economic sectors showed a noticeable decrease from 2008 on. Our conclusions were discrepant from the preliminary hypothesis that supposed to find greater psychic risks among education workers once metalworkers would expose themselves mostly to physical workloads with a consequence of higher xxviii incidence of musculoskeletal diseases in LTS. The analysis of both ecologic studies turned this forecast down. The main finding of this research was that metalworkers showed increasing trends of LTS incidence by prevalent morbidity above those found among education workers of the education economic sector due to affective and mood disorders, as well as mental disorders due to psychoactive drugs¿ abuse, the somatoform and stress related neurotic disorders. The twelve years period under analysis showed a trend of increasing the incidence of LTS in both groups of economic activity with the exception of cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: Government Regulation; Work Schedule Tolerance; Working Conditions; Psychosocial Impact; Working Environment - analysis ¿ adverse effects - policies / Doutorado / Política, Planejamento e Gestão em Saúde / Doutora em Saúde Coletiva

Orientador: Jose Luis Sanfelice / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:49:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Betini_MariaEstelaSigrist_M.pdf: 686163 bytes, checksum: d9f5e288b303b210e0c7cadfa596491f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / Resumo: O objeto desta dissertação é o estudo da história de uma escola de Ensino Fundamental (1ª à 4ª série), nos anos de 1997 a 2000, no bairro de Betel (Paulínia-SP). Visa registrar o trabalho desenvolvido por suas professoras em função da educação voltada às classes populares. As professoras consideraram e estudaram os alunos da escola em dois aspectos: a classe social à qual pertenciam, através da aproximação com suas famílias, e a análise de cada criança em suas particularidades. Analisaram e estudaram regularmente as práticas escolares em seus resultados, frente aos objetivos definidos no projeto político pedagógico da escola. As condições objetivas e as subjetivas, criadas pelas professoras, são aqui analisadas, procurando-se dar visibilidade às características das crianças e suas famílias, e mostrar como, hoje, as professoras vêm os resultados obtidos com seus alunos. O estudo faz, também, o entrelaçamento entre a análise da sociedade no seu aspecto global e como esta reflete na conjuntura local, além da relação dialética do trabalho das professoras com a cultura escolar, a resistência e o não-consentimento frente à política educacional. Em Betel, a educação de cada criança foi possível por terem sido consideradas em sua humanidade, como pessoa particular e como pertencente a uma classesocial / Abstract: The aim of this work is the study of the history of a primary school (1st to 4th grade), between the years 1997 and 2000 in the district of Betel. It aims to report the work developed by its teachers in terms of the education aimed at the underpriviledged classes. The teachers were concerned with and studied the students in two aspects: the social class they belonged to, through the contact with their families, and the analysis of each child in their particularities. The school practices were studied and analysed in their results vis-à-vis the objectives outlined in the school political-pedagogic project. Objective and subjective conditions produced by the teachers are analysed, while an attempt is made to focus on the characteristics of the children and their families, showing how, today, the teachers see the results obtained with their students. The study also intertwines the analysis of society in its global aspect and how it reflects on the local setting, in addition to the dialectic relationship among the work of the teachers, the school¿s culture, the resistance and unacceptance of the official educational policy. In Betel, the education of each child was possible since they were considered in their humanity, as a particular person and belonging to a social class / Mestrado / Historia, Filosofia e Educação / Mestre em Educação

自針對心理壓力的研究盛行以來，心理壓力和工作績效的關係得到了學界諸多領域的關注。警察是高壓群體，在量化和質化研究的雙重驗證下，得到了學界一致性的認同。而警察的壓力所影響的並不僅只是其個人工作績效，更關乎整個社會的治安狀況。此外，對於壓力而言，局限於測量警察族群的壓力，對於解決問題本身沒有根本性作用。基於以上原因，本研究專注於警察高壓的原因及形成機制。根據非正式預訪談得知所長是警察生涯中壓力最為突出的一個階段，故本研究將目標鎖定在警察階段的所長族群。為了挖掘所長高壓原因及其形成機制，本研究透過質化深入訪談的研究方法，深入訪談了大臺北地區7位男性派出所所長和3位女性所長。經過紮根理論的研究流程和資料分析法，結果發現所長階段的壓力較為嚴重的原因主要在於其特殊的工作特點，以及家庭和工作的難以平衡；就其工作特點而言，包括：壓力多元化、工作時間過長、體力硬線要求高、休假異常、績效結構欠佳、公務冗雜和媒體壓迫。也正是因為工作特點而使得其較難在工作與家庭之間取得平衡。對於女性而言，刻板印象和社會期待均使其在警察工作中處於劣勢，但優秀的表現也會獲得更多的讚賞，與期望破壞理論（Expectancy Violation Theory）一致；而男性也恰正是因為刻板要求和社會期待使得其肩負著和女性警察機制不同但是程度相當的心理壓力。總體而言，警察體制內受到詬病的是績效考核方式，績效結構不合理並且指標沒有上限，專案頻繁，儘管不同來源的所長最終都將自我調整心態到了無可奈何的接受狀態。也正是這一結果，證明目前警察體系內協助警察舒緩壓力的管道較為匱乏，亟需改善和解決。 / The influence by stress on performance is one of the popular research issues. Former qualitative and quantitative researches proved that policeman is one of jobs with high working stress. Stress on policeman not only affect their own working performance but also societal safety. Only measurement of stress cannot make policeman perform better. Thus, this study focuses on causes and mechanism of policeman’s stress. Police inspectors in local police stations are with extremely high working stress according to informal interviews. This study interviewed three female and seven male police inspectors from Taipei City, New Taipei City and Keelung in Taiwan. After data analysis with Grounded Theory, this study concludes that special working conditions and unbalance between family and work are the main sources of stress on policemen. This job is stressful with several traits including multi-faced stress, overtime work schedule, exhausting physical energy, irregular days-off, unreasonable performance evaluation structure, complicated working issues and bothering media. It is these working conditions that make policemen stressful and difficult to make balance between work and family. Furthermore, stereotypes and social desirability burden female policemen. However, consistent with Expectancy Violation Theory, female policemen would also gain more recognition and compliment when they perform positively; Male policemen are required to take over more work for female policemen because of social desirability. In general, the biggest source of stress for policemen in Taiwan is the unreasonable performance evaluation system. It comes out as taking it without other alternatives for most policemen no matter where they were trained before. There has not been effective assistance for policemen within police system in Taiwan.

Le réseau des transports urbains lyonnais est exploité par la Compagnie des omnibus et tramways de Lyon (OTL), société anonyme fondée en 1879. Comme toutes les entreprises de service public, l’OTL octroie à certains de ses salariés, les « titulaires », des garanties d’emploi et des avantages sociaux en avance sur la législation. Grâce à des normes dans l’organisation du travail, la plupart des titulaires ont un emploi du temps et des affectations préétablis. Toutes ces dispositions sont définies dans des contrats collectifs de travail résultant de négociations avec le puissant syndicat cégétiste, au cours desquelles interviennent fréquemment les collectivités locales, ville de Lyon et département du Rhône.Mais l’OTL doit adapter ses effectifs aux variations de la charge de travail et cherche à réduire les dépenses de personnel. Elle définit dès le début du XXe siècle des formes de flexibilité qui s’articulent autour des rythmes, des temps et des postes de travail. Jusqu'en 1949, tous les salariés sont embauchés avec des contrats où se combinent durées déterminées ou indéterminées de l’emploi avec le travail à temps partiel ou à temps plein, avant d'obtenir éventuellement une place plus stable : les « auxiliaires » travaillent uniquement le dimanche, ou bien les jours de semaine mais uniquement selon les besoins du service et peuvent être licenciés sans indemnité. La flexibilité affecte aussi les titulaires, essentiellement au début de leur carrière.Des tendances fortes se dégagent. Premièrement, la conceptualisation et la sophistication des formes de flexibilité sont concomitantes de la construction du statut des titulaires. Deuxièmement, les normes temporelles du travail sont de plus en plus complexes. Troisièmement, la main-d’œuvre se partage entre des titulaires qui restent trente ans dans l’entreprise et de très nombreux auxiliaires ou titulaires présents quelques semaines seulement, démissionnaires à cause des salaires médiocres et des conditions de travail mauvaises. / The public transportation system of Lyons – France’s second most populous city, is operated by the Compagnie des omnibus et tramways de Lyon (OTL). This private corporation was founded in 1879. In common with all French public service companies, OTL pre-empted employment legislation by providing employment guarantees and social benefits for certain grades employees, the “incumbents”. Thanks to working rules, most of incumbents, employees with set schedule and assignement, were able to forecast forthcoming hours or working places. All these measures were defined in the collective agreements which OTL entered into with the strong union and the local authorities – the city of Lyons and the département du Rhône.But OTL also had to adapt its workforce to the numbers of passengers conveyed and kilometers covered against a background of wild workload fluctuations and sought to reduce costs. So as early as the dawn of the 20th century the OTL company defined flexible working practices built around working paces, times and occupations. Until 1949, all staff was hired with employment contracts that combined open or fixed-term contracts with part-time or full-time work, before they possibly were offered a more stable post: the “casuals” were hired to work only on Sundays or weekdays on an as needs basis and could be fired without compensation. Internal flexibility also affected the “incumbents”, primarily at the start of their careers.Three strong trends emerge from analyzing the history of OTL personnel management. First, the conceptualization and sophistication of flexible practices were concomitant with the advent of guarantees achieved by the incumbents. Second, the temporal working rules became more and more complex. Third, the workforce was divided between incumbents who stayed in the firm thirty years and lots of casuals or incumbents who resigned because of low wages and flexibility, who worked a few weeks.

En accédant à l'indépendance, la République de Djibouti, comme la plupart des pays anciennement colonisés, a reconduit le droit du travail mis en place pendant la période de colonisation. Il s'est agi pour les nouvelles autorités djiboutiennes de faire perdurer une réglementation faisant de la loi l'outil exclusif d'encadrement des relations de travail. Cette situation, caractérisée par une absence de créativité normative unique en Afrique, a duré presque un demi-siècle, jusqu'aux années 90. A cette époque, le pays a été atteint par la crise économique et financière. Ceci a contraint l'Etat djiboutien à se tourner vers les Institutions financières internationales (FMI, Banque mondiale) qui l’ont appelé à se désengager de la vie économique et sociale. La réforme du droit du travail entamée en 1997 et confirmée par l'adoption d'un nouveau Code du travail en 2006 s'est inscrite dans cette optique.Malgré l'offensive libérale, le nouveau droit du travail porte la marque d’une hétéronomie persistante. Toutefois, une contractualisation relative mais significative de l'encadrement juridique des relations de travail est engagée. Ainsi, les normes étatiques issues de la législation antérieure sont largement reconduites pour garantir la santé et la sécurité au travail ainsi que pour limiter et répartir le temps de travail. En revanche, en matière de fixation de la rémunération, la réforme libérale a donné lieu à une large déréglementation.A ce jour, la réforme ne paraît pas être allée au bout de sa logique libérale. Elle ne s'est pas traduite par un retrait radical de la puissance publique. Il ne fait toutefois aucun doute qu'on est bien passé du recours exclusif à la loi pour la détermination des conditions d'emploi, de travail et de rémunération, à la possibilité d'intervention, de façon inégale en fonction des matières, du contrat individuel ainsi que des conventions et accords collectifs. / Upon gaining independence, The Republic of Djibouti, as is the case with most of former colonies, renew the labour law implemented during the colonial period. For Djiboutian authorities, it is a matter of preserving a regulation which is the exclusive tool for managing working relations. This situation which is marked by the lack of a normative creativity, only peculiar to Africa, has lasted for half of a century and went on up until the 90’s during which the country witnessed a financial and economic crisis. Beset with this crisis, the Djiboutian state turned to the international financial institutions (IMF, World Bank) which impel it to disentangle from social and economic life. The reform of labour law which began in 1997 and materialized by the adoption of the new Labour Code of 2006 is truly a part of this approach.Despite the liberal offensive, the new modification which is currently under way is characterized by the remarkable persistence of heteronomy and a relative yet significant contractualization of the legal framework of working relations. With regards to the working conditions, the state standards derived from former legislation are mostly renewed to not only ensure the hygiene and the security at the work place but to limit and organize the working time. However, regarding the setting of remunerations, the liberal reform leads to a large deregulation.Up to this day, the reform has not fulfilled its liberal purpose. It has failed to result in decrease of public power. However, there is no doubt that there has been a shift from the exclusive recourse to terms and conditions of employment, work, and remuneration to the possibility of intervention, to varying degrees and according to the matters, of individual contracts as well as the conventions and collective agreements.

CSSS de Laval / Ce présent mémoire se veut une recherche exploratoire et descriptive sur le phénomène des fusions des établissements de santé et des répercussions de celles-ci sur la structuration et le développement des pratiques professionnels. Plus précisément, notre attention sera portée sur la réforme Couillard de 2003 avec la création des Centres de santé et des services sociaux ainsi que sur les professionnels de l’organisation communautaire. / This memory is intended as a descriptive and exploratory research on the phenomenon of mergers of health facilities and its impacts on the structuring and development of professional practices. Specifically, our focus will be on the Couillard 2003 reform with the creation of health centers and social services as well as the professional community organization.

Introduction: There is a gap of knowledge of the health situation among the reindeer herding Sami in Sweden. The Swedish government has also got criticism for not taking responsibility for the Sami health. The aim of this thesis was to get more knowledge to understand the health situation of the reindeer herding Sami in Sweden. Furthermore, gender specific risk factors in the working environment among reindeer herders and their perception of healthcare and social services were investigated. Method: Cross–sectional questionnaires covering different aspects of health such as musculoskeletal disorders, trust for different healthcare providers and work related psychosocial factors was distributed to reindeer herding Sami and non-Sami populations. Interviews with nine reindeer herding Sami about trust in healthcare and social services were carried out and analyzed with thematic analysis. Sixteen discussion meetings with 80 reindeer herders focusing on psychosocial perspectives of working conditions in Sami communities were performed. Result: The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms from elbow, hand/wrist and lower back from male reindeer herders were higher compared to blue-collar worker. Psychosocial risk factors for health were identified such as high workload on a few herders, difficulties to get relief and support as well as to get appreciation in work and lack of participation in decisionmaking among women were common in the organization of reindeer husbandry. The trust in healthcare and social services was lower among reindeer herding Sami compared to non-Sami majority population. A hypothesis is that healthcare professionals do not know that the "Reindeer cloud" (metaphor to iCloud) affects all parts in the reindeer herders life. The distrust are influenced by historically traumas, reindeer herding Sami experiences from healthcare professionals and healthcare organization and culturally generated norms. Conclusio: The thesis hypothesized that health disorders, attitude towards healthcare and psychosocial environment are important aspects when trying to understand the health situation among the reindeer herding Sami. There is a need to introduce long-term public health work for all Sami people, to establish ethical guidelines for Sami health research and develop healthcare services that provides access to healthcare for the reindeer herding Sami, on equal terms.

The master thesis deals with the issue of job satisfaction. The main aim of this thesis is to analyze the state of job satisfaction among employees of the selected organization Stredni a Materska skola. For this purpose the theoretical background is first elaborated; the basic concepts of work motivation and job satisfaction are defined and the specific features of education are described. This section is followed by methodological part, where the procedures and selected methods for the elaboration of the given project are described. The final part is a practical part where the specific institution in which the survey was conducted is introduced. After that, the results from the questionnaire survey and the individual interview with the school principal are evaluated. On the basis of the identified facts, improving proposals are finally mentioned to increase work satisfaction and optimize working conditions.

Diploma thesis is focused on occupational risk management, safety and health protection at work. The aim of my diploma thesis was to review level of OHSAS 18001 requirement filfilment in a particular organisation. Inseparabily part of standard requirements is observing the state legislation. Since the firm chosen carry on business in SR, the teoretical part of the thesis compares czech and slovak state legislation with purpose of illustrating differences between czech and slovak legislative environment in field of occupational safety and health protection. Practical part of the thesis contains review of OHSAS 18001 requirements fulfilment in organization and evaluates the possibility of succesful certification.

The main aim of the thesis is a comlex description and explanation of legislative concernig the working conditions of drivers in branch of international transport. It provides the reader general overview of the whole field including function of the digital tachograph system and current development of EU legislative. In the practical part, there are described some actual problems, which occur in this area - it's especially the question of road controls and fines. The opinions of drivers concernig this matter are included as well.