Socrates' search is for direction in life, for how one should live. For him, an unexamined life is not worth living. The suggestion in this thesis is that Plato follows Socrates in asking the extremely relevant and practical question that seeks to discover the sort of life worthy of the human individual. For Plato, the answer involves the pursuit of knowledge and wisdom, it is, in short, to do philosophy. Socrates regards genuine philosophy as active and dialectical. Plato accepts the challenge of conveying this through the written word. Implicit in his dialogues is the idea that human wisdom is a fusion of the spiritual and the rational. The philosophic life is realised in practice by following the three interdependent ways of the philosopher, these are the ways of dialectics, death and love. These identify the philosophic life with a critically detached, yet passionate attitude to the world. However, this practical teaching is guided and informed by Plato's metaphysics, in particular his idea of the Good. A major task of this thesis is to show how the idea of the Good is relevant to ordinary human conduct.

This thesis studies the intertwinement of economy and emotions within the context of modernity. By investigating how work and romantic love interact in fiction films from the period 1930 to 1955, I seek to shed light on how two cultural practices that might normally be assumed to belong to separate dimensions of life – the economic and the emotional – are actually closely connected to each other. The examination of these interactions allows a better understanding of the process of modernisation, as well as the ways in which cultural differences matter in two national contexts: Sweden and Mexico. The thesis is structured into three overarching dimensions of analysis: space, gender and class. I seek to explain the relationship between work and romantic love within these dimensions using the concepts of emotional capital, respectability and worthiness. The results highlight the differences between the national cases. For example, films depicting the Swedish countryside represent both modern and non-modern domestic spaces when judged in terms of their configuration and appearance; however, certain traits of rural characters such as solidarity, closeness to nature and equality transcend into modern society and guide work and romantic love practices. In Mexico, the countryside is depicted at the core of national identity; however, this space is characterised by its non-modern nature. The countryside, according to films, must be reformed by notions of science and rationality. Film narratives show that through romantic love, the man modernises the non-modern woman. The gender analysis revealed that Swedish films endorse the Housewife Contract in Swedish society during this period. In Mexican films, a similar contract is found in the discourse of the modern nation but films endorse a broader interpretation. Mexican films show that whilst the patriarchal organisation of society is expected to loosen its grip in a modern society, a stable gender structure is desirable. The class analysis reveals that upward mobility is a desirable outcome in Swedish film stories. Women attain it through love while men do so through work. However, upward mobility is unacceptable in Mexican films; they instead endorse class permanence.

"Die schmale Brücke" ist eine Dreiecksgeschichte, die das Ringen zweier ungleicher Männer um eine junge Frau schildert. Der fleißige und solide Mittelschulrektor Peter Hansen, der unter der Kinderlosigkeit und Kälte seiner Frau leidet, trifft nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg seinen "Jugendfeind", den redegewandten, bei den Damen hoch beliebten Werner Hagemann wieder, welcher im Zug die Lehrerin Ursula Wüstenhagen kennengelernt hat, eine Kollegin Peter Hansens, in die dieser sich verliebt hat. In schwüler Gesprächsatmosphäre entwickelt sich eine Rivalität, die zunehmend bedrohliche Züge annimmt. Mordgedanken keimen auf. Schließlich fordert Peter Hansen, auf ein Gottesurteil hoffend, Werner Hagemann zu einem lebensgefährlichen Kräftemessen auf einer Brücke auf. Die Erzählung ist das einzige Werk von F. E. Peters, das im Lehrermilieu spielt. Verwoben mit der spannungsreichen Dreiecksbeziehung sind Themen der Frauenemanzipation und modernen Pädagogik sowie zahlreiche literarische Reminiszenzen an den "Zauberberg" oder auch an Goethe und Hölderlin, insbesondere in der zentralen Frage der "Schicksalswürdigkeit". Der ursprünglich von Peters gewählte Titel ("Der Schicksalswürdige") wurde auf Wunsch des Verlages in "Die schmale Brücke" geändert.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第12650号 / 論工博第4078号 / 新制||工||1547(附属図書館) / 29728 / (主査)教授 辻 伸泰, 教授 落合 庄治郎, 教授 乾 晴行 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当

In 2014, the decision of the European Court of Justice on the A, B, and C, case was a landmark moment in refugee law. Namely, it theoretically rang the death knell of the use of stereotypes on sexuality in refugee status determination. This study draws on reflexive thematic analysis of judgments of the French National Court of Asylum to explore whether stereotypes persist and, if so, what meaning they entail. It argues that the French National Court of Asylum seems to privilege essentialist, homonationalist, and cis-homo-normative understanding of refugee subjects. In doing so, this thesis identifies problematic areas and engages with them, drawing on recent literature on the subject.

133 f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-25T18:14:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_ Maioli, Edilene.pdf: 1296539 bytes, checksum: f0b2ec22de83e245ad05f373cddf167c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-04-30T19:20:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_ Maioli, Edilene.pdf: 1296539 bytes, checksum: f0b2ec22de83e245ad05f373cddf167c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-30T19:20:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_ Maioli, Edilene.pdf: 1296539 bytes, checksum: f0b2ec22de83e245ad05f373cddf167c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / A presente dissertação comunica os resultados de uma etnopesquisa sobre o movimento do (des)prestígio social na docência de professoras das séries iniciais que trabalham no Centro de Educação Básica da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Através da análise de conteúdo de entrevistas gravadas, fontes escritas e outros dispositivos, foram analisadas as representações sociais das professoras primárias em contexto específico de trabalho e algumas representações veiculadas na imprensa, local e nacional, sobre docência, carreira, profissão, e sobre o (des)prestígio e desvalorização que atualmente envolvem essa ocupação, principalmente nesse nível de ensino. É um estudo de caso de inspiração hermenêutica, cujo aporte crítico fenomenológico constituiu-se num esforço de compreender como se constituem as representações sociais do desprestígio social, bem como a interpretação deste movimento dialético no interior da docência de professoras das séries iniciais e seus possíveis desdobramentos na profissionalidade dessas docentes. / Salvador

We assume that the central focus of epistemology is propositional knowledge (S knows that P). However, since some true beliefs are true by accident, the central question raised by epistemologists is: What becomes a mere true belief into knowledge? There are several answers to this question, many of them conflicting with each other. Among the answers we find two perspectives that compete with each other as the necessary and sufficient conditions for knowledge, namely, the internalist and externalist perspectives. For the epistemological externalism mind the external factors in the formation of belief. The research aims to discuss some issues that connect externalism a proper way of thinking about truth and what we do when we take a belief to be true. The theoretical discussion will use the externalist perspective of Alvin Goldman seeking a normative theory of justification, assuming that a belief is caused by a reliable process. Goldman, for example, states that the explanation of justified belief is necessary for knowledge and is closely related to it. Asserts that the term "justified" is an evaluative term and any correct definition or synonym for "justified" would also be an evaluative term. Thus, Goldman seeks a normative theory of justification for such a search to specify the conditions for substantive epistemic belief. However, he said conditions should be a non-epistemic, that is, necessary and sufficient conditions that do not involve any epistemic notions. Goldman complains that most of the time it is assumed that someone has a justified belief because that person knows that the belief is justified and know what is the justification. This means that justification is an argument or a set of reasons that can be given in favor of a belief, but it just tells us that the nature of justified belief with regard to what a person might say if asked to defend or justify belief. Instead, Goldman thinks that a belief is justified only by some process or property that makes it justified. / Partiremos do pressuposto que o foco central da epistemologia é o conhecimento proposicional (S sabe que P). Entretanto, uma vez que algumas crenças verdadeiras são verdadeiras por acaso, a questão central formulada pelos epistemólogos é a seguinte: O que converte a mera crença verdadeira em conhecimento? Existem diversas respostas para essa questão, muitas delas conflitantes entre si. Entre as respostas encontramos duas perspectivas que competem entre si quanto às condições necessárias e suficientes para o conhecimento, a saber, as perspectivas internalista e externalista. Para o externalismo epistemológico importam os fatores externos na formação da crença. A pesquisa procura discutir algumas questões que conectam o externalismo a uma adequada maneira de pensar sobre a verdade e o que fazemos quando tomamos uma crença como sendo verdadeira. Como referencial teórico utilizaremos a perspectiva externalista de Alvin Goldman que busca uma teoria normativa da justificação, pressupondo que uma crença é originada por um processo confiável. Goldman, por exemplo, afirma que a explicação da crença justificada é necessária para o conhecimento e está intimamente relacionada a ele. Assevera que o termo justificada é um termo valorativo e qualquer definição correta ou sinônimo de justificada seria também um termo valorativo. Assim, Goldman busca uma teoria normativa da justificação, para tal procura especificar as condições substantivas para a crença epistêmica. Contudo, afirma que tais condições deverão ser condições não epistêmicas, isto é, condições necessárias e suficientes que não envolvem quaisquer noções epistêmicas. Goldman critica que na maioria das vezes se assume que alguém tem uma crença justificada porque essa pessoa sabe que a crença é justificada e sabe qual é a justificação. Isso significa dizer que a justificação é um argumento ou um conjunto de razões que podem ser dadas a favor de uma crença, mas isso simplesmente nos diz que a natureza da crença justificada diz respeito ao que uma pessoa poderia dizer se fosse solicitada a defender ou justificar sua crença. Ao contrário, Goldman pensa que uma crença só é justificada através de algum processo ou propriedade que a torna justificada.

Tidigare forskning visar på att småbolagens existens har en stor betydelse. Småbolag bidrar inte bara till att generera fler jobb, de bidrar också till den ekonomiska tillväxten. Dock kräver deras existens och fortsatta tillväxt mer kapital, de behöver därmed ha tillgång till krediter. Tidigare forskning visar på att småbolag har svårigheter att erhålla bankkrediter jämfört med större bolag. På grund av Basel-regleringarna och de införda kapitalkraven har bankerna blivit mer försiktiga och är inte villiga att ta allt för stora risker. Detta har visat sig påverka småbolagen negativt gällande deras tillgång till bankkrediter, vilka de har ett stort behov av för sin överlevnad och fortsatta tillväxt. Denna studie syftar till att identifiera och belysa de problem som finns vid kreditgivningen gentemot småbolag, även besvara forskningsfrågan: Vilka faktorer är avgörande vid kreditgivning gentemot småbolag?Studien är gjord i Sverige på Högskolan i Borås, uppsatsen är därför skriven på svenska. I studien används kvalitativ forskningsmetod med semi-strukturerade intervjuer. Efter att ha läst och betraktat tidigare forskning och teorier om utlåning gentemot småbolag har därför sju företagsrådgivare intervjuats. Företagsrådgivarna representerar de fyra största bankerna i Sverige, vilka är Nordea, Handelsbanken, Swedbank och SEB. Syftet med intervjuerna var för att få mer insikt i utlåningsprocessen gentemot småbolagen. För att fullborda studien analyserades informationen från tidigare forskning, teorier och informationen från intervjuerna vidare.Studien visar på att fenomenet Förtroende är avgörande när det gäller bankernas utlåning gentemot småbolag. I studien identifieras det att småbolagen bidrar till kreditrisker för bankerna på grund av att de saknar kvalitativa ekonomiska dokument, pantsäkerheter och en befintlig historik. Detta i sin tur gör att det blir svårt för bankerna att få tillräckligt med information vid bedömningen gällande bolagets kreditvärdighet. På grund av svårigheterna att få tillgång till information om småbolagen så spelar företagaren bakom bolaget en viktig roll för att skapa ett förtroende i bankrelationen. Under förutsättning att bolagets budget och årsredovisning ser presentabel ut, så kan företagarens intryck och hur relationen till banken slutligen blir vara avgörande. Denna studie visar också på att bankernas fokus på information om småbolaget skiljer sig åt från bank till bank, dock är förtroendet alltid det som slutligen avgör. Bankerna måste tro på kunden och se att bolaget är kreditvärdigt innan de ger ut krediter. Detta innebär att det allra viktigaste för ett småbolag för att erhålla krediter från bankerna är att vinna bankens förtroende.Att identifiera och belysa de problem som finns vid kreditgivning gentemot småbolagen och framföra de avgörande faktorerna vid kreditgivningen gentemot småbolagen avser att generera kunskap och uppmärksamma problemen. Detta i sin tur syftar till att få både banker och småbolag att bli medvetna och mer motiverade att möta och motarbeta de problem och brister som finns vid kreditgivningen. Studien belyser problematiken gällande att bankerna inte använder en generell ram vid kreditgivningen och lyfter upp betydelsen av förtroende mellan småbolag och storbanker. / Program: Civilekonomprogrammet

This work focus to social and educational work with gypsy adolescents in youth club,consistents of worthiness and human rights. This theoretical work describes Gypsies in the territory of Czech republic mainly in present. It defines and describes period of adolescence, it represents differences between of Gypsies adolescence and youth of majority world. This work decribes youth club as one of the recent social services in Czech republic, focus to explanation of principle low-treshold, definition of purposes, target group, offered services and individual planning. This planning is very important for work with these clients in youth club. There is else definition of human worthiness, human rights and theirs setting to national and international legal documents. The ethical dilemmas are described, which the workers in youth club confronted in praxis in the end. The way of possible approach to maintain and support the human worthiness and client´s rights. The aim of this thesis is to show that workers youth club approach based on respect for the dignity and rights of every human being leads the clients to positively influence their personality and morality, to shape their values.

The strive for lower fuel consumption and downsizing in the automotive industry has led to the use of alternative high performance materials, such as fibre composites. Designing chassis components with composite materials require accurate simulation models in order to capture the behaviour in car crashes. By simplifying the development process of a B-pillar with a new dynamic test method, composite material products could reach the market faster. The setup has to predict a cars side impact crash performance by only testing the B-pillar in a component based environment. The new dynamic test method with more realistic behaviour gives a better estimation of how the B-pillar, and therefore the car, will perform in a full-scale car side impact test. With the new improved tool for the development process, the search for a lighter product with better crash worthiness is done by optimising a steel carbon fibre hybrid structure in the B-pillar. The optimisation includes different carbon fibre materials, composite laminate lay-up and stiffness analysis. By upgrading simulation models with new material and adhesive representation physical prototypes could be built to verify the results. Finally the manufactured steel carbon fibre hybrid B-pillar prototypes were tested in the developed dynamic test method for a comparison to the steel B-pillar. The hybrid B-pillars perform better than the reference steel B-pillar in the dynamic tests also being considerably lighter. As a final result a hybrid B-pillar is developed that will decrease fuel consumption and meet the requirements of any standardized side impact crash test. / Strävan efter lägre bränsleförbrukning och minimalistiskt tänkande inom bilindustrin har lett till användning av alternativa högpresterande material, såsom fiberkompositer. Vid design av chassi-komponenter utav kompositer krävs noggranna simuleringsmodeller för att fånga upp bilens beteende vid en krock. Genom att förenkla utvecklingsprocessen för en B-stolpe med en ny dynamisk testmetod kan produkter bestående av fiberkompositer nå marknaden snabbare. Provuppställningen skall förutse bilens prestanda vid ett sidokrocktest genom att endast testa B-stolpen i en komponentbaserad miljö. Den nya dynamiska testmetoden med ett mer realistiskt beteende skall ge en bättre uppskattning om hur B-stolpen, och därmed bilen, kommer att prestera i ett fullskaligt sidokrocktest. Med utvecklingsprocessens nya förbättrade verktyg kan strävan mot lättare produkter med bättre krocksäkerhet utvecklas genom optimering av en hybrid B-stolpe i stål och kolfiber. Optimeringen innefattar olika kolfibermaterial, laminatvarianter och styvhetsanalyser. Genom att uppgradera simuleringsmodeller med nya material och adhesiva metoder kunde fysiska prototyper tillverkas för att verifiera resultaten. Slutligen testades de tillverkade prototyperna utav stål och kolfiber i den nyutvecklade dynamiska testmetoden för jämförelse mot den ursprungliga stål B-stolpen. Hybrid B-stolparna presterade bättre än referensstolpen utav stål i de dynamiska provningarna och är samtidigt betydligt lättare. Det slutgiltigt resultatet är en utvecklad hybrid B-stolpe som både ger minskad bränsleförbrukningen och uppfyller kraven för ett standardiserat sidokrocktest.