« Pouvoir, présence et action » : chacune de ces trois notions renvoie à la capacité d’un individu à entreprendre. Cette capacité d’action des femmes est particulièrement encadrée dans la France d’Ancien Régime, autant par les normes juridiques que par les représentations mentales qui affirment l’inégalité entre les sexes et la supériorité des hommes. Le présent travail a pour buts l’examen des limites de la subordination féminine et l’affirmation de la possibilité d’action des femmes, dans le cadre d’une étude globale consacrée aux épouses des ministres au temps de Louis XIV. Les spécificités du groupe d’étude fondent l’essence de la réflexion : il s’agit d’analyser la possibilité d’action de femmes de la noblesse dans la France du XVIIe siècle, dans le cadre spécifique de mariages les unissant à des hommes exerçant une fonction de type ministériel lors du règne personnel de Louis XIV. Il s’agit donc d’analyser les conditions d’un pouvoir conjugal, familial et social au féminin, puis de définir les domaines dans lesquels les épouses des ministres apparaissent en tant qu’actrices. L’étude vise également à observer les attitudes des couples ministériels afin de déterminer des invariants permettant de comprendre ce que signifie être l’épouse d’un ministre au temps de Louis XIV. L’ancrage historique, juridique, économique, familial et social de ces femmes constitue un sujet d’analyse essentiel pour comprendre la place qu’elles ont occupée dans leur couple, dans leur famille, à la cour, dans la société. Le sujet invite donc à dépasser la description des activités de femmes pour les inscrire dans une histoire du couple, de la société de cour et de la noblesse au Grand Siècle. / « Power, presence and action » : each of these three notions refers to each individual's capacity to take action. The ability to take action is particularly supervised for women in France under the Ancien Régime, notably under the legal norm, as well as the mental representations which maintain the inequality between sexes and men's superiority. The aims of this present work are to examine the limits of feminine subordination and the affirmation of the the ability for women to take action, within the framework of a global study focused on the ministers' wives under Louis 14th. The specifications of the study group are the essence of the reflection : the idea is to analyse noblewomen's opportunity to take action in 17th century France, more specifically in the framework of the marriages joining them to men practicing a ministerial function under Louis 14th. Therefore the matter at hand is to analyse the conditions of marital, family and social power in a feminine form, then define the areas in which the ministers' wives appear as actors. The study also aims to observe the ministerial couples' attitudes to determine some constants, allowing us to understand what it meant to be a minister's spouse in the time of Louis 14th. The historical, legal, economical, family and social anchoring of these women form an essential subject of analysis to understand the place they occupied in their couple, in their family, at court and in society. The subject therefore invites us to go beyond the description of women's activities to write them in a history of relationship, court society and the Grand Siècle nobility.

Dans une société urbaine en ébullition, la capitale normande forme un observatoire privilégié des jeux de pouvoirs et avec l’autorité centrale. Cette thèse interroge fondamentalement le rapport entre l’État et la province, alors que le royaume de France est en proie à la dernière grande révolte d’Ancien Régime. Ainsi, la Fronde bouleverse les équilibres et agit comme un révélateur de la tension quotidienne. Économie, religion, politique et culture citadine se conjuguent pour dévoiler une société du conflit. Rouen catalyse les rivalités qui se rencontrent et éclatent au grand jour au cœur du théâtre urbain. Deuxième ville du royaume de France, la cité normande intègre le monde qui y exporte ses tensions. Rouen est aussi et sûrement une ville en crise au milieu du XVIIe siècle, traversée par une conflictualité qui s’enchevêtre dans le carrefour urbain. / In an exciting society that has become mostly urban, taking a look at Rouen makes it possible to witness power relationships involving the central authority. This thesis looks at the relationship between the State and the regional areas at a time when the Kingdom of France is going through its last major revolt of the Ancien Régime. The Fronde shakes balances and reveals the daily tensions. Economy, religion, politics and urban culture come together and revel and conflictual society. Rouen exacerbates the rivalries at stake. Rouen at the time is the second biggest city of the Kingdom of France, it is a world city and exports its tensions. In the middle of the 17th Century Rouen is also without a doubt a city going through a crisis that is entangled in this urban hub.

Annotation: The work is dedicated to tapestries from Prague Castle collections, hanging in the State Rooms and the ones that are stored in Prague Castle depository. The tapestries always played an important role in decorating the interior and still help to create a festive atmosphere of this place, usually not accessible to the public. The author focuses on detailed identification of three baroque series known as Anthony and Cleopatra and Months of the year. The serie Anthony and Cleopatra dates back to the turn of the 17th and the 18th centuries. Convolutes of the tapestries of the cycle Months of the year (represented at Prague Castle in two ways - figurally and non-figurally) were made at the beginning of the 18th century as well as in the years 1728-1736. The tapestry on the theme of the life of Anthony and Cleopatra consists of eight pieces. Seven of them belong to an elementary part of Prague Castle collection, the eighth is in Vienna. The serie Months of the year has a similar history. It consists of ten pieces, nine of them are situated at Prague Castle, the tenth is again in Vienna. Longstory short, the work is dedicated to baroque tapestries that help to create genius loci of Prague Castle. After a brief introduction providing the informative insight into the issue, the explanation of the history...

Cette thèse porte sur la «désolation du Palatinat», et explore au travers de ce cas les interrelations qu’entretiennent la guerre et l’information politique dans l’Europe de la fin du XVIIe siècle. Elle s’inscrit dans le «tétraèdre médiatique de l’espace européen» formé alors par la France, le Saint-Empire, l’Angleterre et les Provinces-Unies. Elle montre pourquoi et comment des opérations françaises répondant à une logique stratégique, une chronologie et une géographie composites ont été érigées en une unité historique distincte et chargée de sens. Ce travail met ainsi en lumière le processus complexe de fabrication de cet événement appelé «désolation du Palatinat», et analyse pour cela à la fois les opérations militaires et le traitement informationnel dont elles ont fait l’objet. Dans un premier temps, l’étude de la réalité à la fois stratégique et opérationnelle révèle un ensemble d’opérations de destruction, qui se sont déployées sur près d’un an — de l’hiver 1688 à l’automne 1689 —, et répondaient à une même logique stratégique défensive, dont les principes et les pratiques ont évolué au fil des mois. Les caractéristiques de ces opérations ont participé de la manière dont elles ont été, dès qu’elles sont advenues, rapportées, représentées, comprises et interprétées. C’est dans ce cadre informationnel qu’elles ont acquis une unité chronologique, géographique et opérationnelle, dont elles étaient initialement dépourvues. Dans un second temps, l’étude croisée de la diffusion des informations relatives à ces opérations et de leur mise en forme textuelle et iconographique montre donc comment l’événement a pris forme au fil des mois et des productions imprimées. / This dissertation focuses on the “Desolation of the Palatinate”, and examines through this case study the interrelations of war and political information in Europe at the end of the 17th century. The “media tetrahedron of early modern Europe”, which was made up of the Dutch Republic, France, Britain, and the Holy Roman Empire, is the geographical frame of this research. This work demonstrates why and how some French operations with a compound strategic logic, a composite chronology and a changing geography became a distinct and meaningful historical unit. This research emphasizes the complex fabrication of this event known today as the “Desolation of the Palatinate”. It studies both the military operations and their process through the European information system. First, the analysis of the strategic and operational reality highlights a group of destructive operations, that were implemented for almost a year — between winter 1688 and autumn 1689 —, and guided by the same strategic logic of defense but with evolving principles and practices over the months. The characteristics of these operations took part in the way in which they were recounted, depicted, understood and interpreted as soon as they occurred. Within this framework of their process through the European information system, they gain a chronological, geographical and operational cohesion, of which they lack initially. Second, this work studies both the dissemination of news on the French operations and the way they were textually and visually shaped. This analysis shows how the French operations were gradually shaped in particular by the print production into a significant event.

Pagrindinis šio darbo dėmesys skiriamas Zenavičių giminės konversiniams aktams bendrapolitiniame valstybės kontekste, tai yra kaip giminės karjera priklausė nuo tikėjimo pasikeitimų. Šis darbas parodo, kad religinis giminės lojalumas XVI – XVII a. (kada ir vyko Zenavičių giminės tikybinės paieškos) galimas tik giminės gėrovės kontekste. Bratošos-Zenavičiai greičiausiai kilo iš Serbijos didikų, kurie į LDK galėjo atkeliauti per Moldaviją. Aukštą ir netradicinę kilmę liudija ir ankstyviausių žinomų šios giminės narių sėkminga karjera LDK, kuriai nesutrukdė ir stačiatikiškos konfesijos išpažinimas. Zenavičių giminės herbas atspindi atvykusių giminės protėvių adaptaciją. Minėtas tyrimas leidžia mums suprasti, kaip Zenavičiai įsiliejo į kilmingųjų luomą ir kaip greitai jie priėmė LDK formavusį diduomenės modelį. Nuosavybės ženklo savybių turėjo jau Zenovijaus Bratošaičio naudota linijinė kompozicija, kas atspindėjo to meto LDK tradiciją. O tai reiškia, kad jau XV a. Zenavičiai laikė save teisėtais LDK gyventojais, o noras pabrėžti savo kitatautiškumą tik parodo norą paaukštinti savo kilmę ir vaidmenį valstybėje. Vėliau savo kilmingumą Zenavičiai bandė patvirtinti kilmės legenda, kurioje akcentuojamas giminystės ryšis su Serbijos kunigaikščiais – Despotais. Iš pačios legendos galima numanyti, kad kilmingumo sąvoka parodoma su XVI a. būdingu suvokimu. Tad galima visai pagristai teigti, kad legendos kilmė yra ne ankstesnė negu XV a. pabaiga – XVI a. pradžia, o galutinę savo išraišką... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Such political organization as the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (further GDL) need to be analyzed both of political and cultural sizes. It is quite difficult aim. One of the way to find the answer to the question was it possible to made a carrier to an orthodox believer noble in the GDL is to made a genealogical investigation of one such family. So the main goal of this investigation is to find out how could the Bratosz – Zenowicz family made so brilliant carrier being in 15th century Lithuania strangers, came, as it is thinking, from Serbia or Moldavia? It is interesting to realize, when this particular family understand, that they are the members of this state and that they can reach the same goals that any other noble family. We have no enough sources about the question were the family already orthodox when came in the GDL or not. But we know precisely, that already in the end of the 16th century Jorge Zenowicz became a reformat. His son Christopher Zenowich connected in his hands both catholic and reformat beliefs. One of the most important question we need to answer is how did this family get its coat of arms? Was in one general process in all GDL? Analyzing all facts we can constant, that in spite of the act of Horodle, where a conception of coat of arms appeared in the GDL society, but only some families were able to get this sign of nobility, Zenowicz already in 1422 years formatted and confirmed the coat of arms of their own family. Creating the legend about their past... [to full text]

Asumimos como problema a desarrollar en la presente investigación la identificación, observación y análisis de los elementos que participan en el proceso de acumulación patrimonial y político, llevado adelante por el linaje de los Velasco, que permitirá la conformación del poder de dominio político señorial del que gozaron los distintos representantes de esta casa nobiliar castellana en los territorios ubicados en la antigua merindad de Castilla Vieja, en el período comprendido entre los siglos XIV al XVI. Nuestra intención es tomar la actuación de los miembros de esta familia nobiliar -la construcción, despliegue y expansión de su poder de dominio señorial en los territorios norteños de Castilla- como un ejemplo histórico-concreto del desarrollo del régimen señorial en estas tierras. Un estudio de caso que pretende reconstruir -a escala analítica- los aspectos generales que caracterizaron este proceso de acumulación, y que determinaron el extraordinario ascenso y encumbramiento de este linaje, desde una modesta situación de pequeña nobleza regional o comarcal, a mediados del siglo XIV, y que concluyó con la consideración de la misma como una de las Grandes Casas Nobiliarias de España, a principios del siglo XVI. Un meteórico proceso de ascenso nobiliar -de apenas dos siglos- y en el cual se ven involucradas ocho generaciones de la familia, conformando un verdadero proyecto intergeneracional.

Cuando se activa el Metabolón de Transporte Iónico (MTI) formado por el Intercambiador de Na+/H+ (NHE1), la Anhidrasa Carbónica II (ACII) y el Intercambiador de Cl<SUP>-</SUP>/HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> (AE3) se estimula la hipertrofia cardíaca (HC). Datos preliminares apoyan la hipótesis de que las proteínas que forman este MTI interaccionan funcionalmente. Sin embargo, todavía existen componentes del metabolón que no han sido identificados. Entre estos componentes se encuentran los co-transportadores de HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> (NBC), la Anhidrasa Carbónica IV (ACIV) y XIV (ACXIV). En el presente Trabajo de Tesis Doctoral se propone, por lo tanto, explorar el rol de una de estas proteínas, la ACXIV, en procesos fisológicos y fisiopatológicos en el corazón. Se hipotetiza que AE3 interactúa con la isoenzima ACXIV, tanto física como funcionalmente, formando un MTI que maximiza el flujo de HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> a través de la membrana. Se propone, además, que este metabolón es activado en ciertas condiciones patológicas como la HC.

Zugl.: Louvain, Univ. Cath., Diss., 2009 u.d.T.: Löffler, Alexander: Jacques Dupuis' Religionstheologie auf dem Prüfstand

The prevailing historical narrative of the collapse of Louis XIV's naval power has emphasised the importance of political decision-making, either in the strategic shifts between the guerre d'escadre and the guerre de course, or in the decision to reduce the naval budget in the midst of war in 1694 and 1707. As France faced massive financial overextension and an increasing need to fight for territorial survival in the War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714), it was inevitable that Louis XIV's government would fund its armies in preference to its naval capabilities. However, a shift in priorities at Versailles does not provide a full explanation for the navy's decline. Recent works emphasise the effectiveness of the state's revenue-raising capabilities and the importance of the fiscal intermediaries who financed royal expenditure. Yet, these connections between French naval power and Louis XIV's fiscal capabilities remain only partially explored and this thesis presents a fresh examination of the navy's financing arrangements. It is argued that the difficulties that Louis XIV faced in maintaining the fleet were rooted in a unique set of issues embedded in the navy's financing mechanism and the way it was managed. The problem was four-fold: the naval ministry consistently overspent its allocated funds; the navy's budget was increasingly underfunded as a result of the finance ministry's mismanagement and also of wider fiscal instability; the naval treasury was not fit-for-purpose since the navy's fiscal intermediaries, the trésoriers généraux de la Marine, lacked the capacity to sustain costly levels of borrowing; and the crown failed to meet the organisational challenges of war by not controlling spending and the activities of the trésoriers. These structural issues surfaced internally early in the war and would be progressively and disastrously exposed by the loss of liquidity and the mounting debts that affected France in the 1700s.

Orientador: Maria Celeste Tommasello Ramos / Banca: Cláudia Maria Ceneviva Nigro / Banca: Leandro Passos / Resumo: Um dos temas de destaque na obra-prima de Giovanni Boccaccio, o Decameron, escrita por volta de 1353, é o amor sensual, vivenciado por seus personagens de forma realista e naturalista. Dentre esses personagens, encontramos membros do clero católico, celibatários, e é para eles que voltamos o nosso olhar. Pretendemos traçar as características da abordagem de Boccaccio ao tema do amor sensual no celibato clerical em dez novelle da obra e, com isso, levantar quais concepções de amor, indivíduo e natureza humana são encontradas nas entrelinhas dessas histórias. Para analisarmos o corpus, tomaremos como base a fundamentação do celibato na Igreja Católica, exposta por Brown (1990); a doutrina do amor em Boccaccio, que trata o amor sensual com realismo e naturalismo, abordada por Scaglione (1963) e Givens (1968); a retórica de Aristóteles (2006), já que os personagens usam a retórica para obter êxito na conquista amorosa; as considerações de Ó Cuilleanáin (1984) e Smarr (2014) sobre a representação decameroniana do clero; além de estudos sobre o autor e obra, como os de Auerbach (2007; 2013). Com base em Berger (1972) e Nodelman (1988), analisaremos ilustrações que representam o amor sensual praticado por personagens celibatários, feitas por Alex Cerveny. No Decameron, os clérigos são dessacralizados, retratados como homens comuns, nos quais a natureza e o instinto se fazem presentes. A nosso ver, esses homens e mulheres são levados pela instituição católica a abandonarem... / Abstract: One of the main themes in the masterpiece of Giovanni Boccaccio, the Decameron, written around 1353, is the sensual love, experienced by its characters in a realistic and naturalistic way. Among those characters, we find members of the Catholic clergy who are celibates, and who are the holders of our attention. We intend to describe the characteristics of Boccaccio's treatment of the sensual love theme in clerical celibacy in ten novelle from the book and present which conceptions of love, individual and human nature are found in those stories. To analyse the corpus, we will consider the foundation of celibacy in the Catholic Church, exposed by Brown (1990); the doctrine of love in Boccaccio, that treats sensual love with realism and naturalism, approached by Scaglione (1963) and Givens (1968); the Aristotle's rhetorics (2006), since the characters use rhetorics to succeed in loving conquest; the considerations of Ó Cuilleanáin (1984) and Smarr (2014) on the decameronian representation of the clergy; besides studies about the author and book, such as the ones by Auerbach (2007; 2013). Based on Berger (1972) and Nodelman (1988), we will analyse some illustrations which depict the sensual love experienced by celibate characters, drawn by Alex Cerveny. In the Decameron, clerics are unholy, portrayed as ordinary men, in whom nature and instinct are latent. In our view, these men and women must give up sexuality because of the Catholic Church doctrines, but they do not actually want to abdicate this aspect which is inherent to human life / Mestre