Šio darbo tikslas – išsiaiškinti jaunuolių nepakantos nuostatų raišką, tarpusavio ryšį ir socioedukacinių veiksnių įtaką jų raiškai, Šiaulių miesto studentų (Šiaulių universiteto, Šiaulių kolegijos) ir moksleivių (Šiaulių profesinės mokyklos) tarpe. Tyrimo instrumentas (autoritarizmo, autoritarinės šeimos struktūros, rasizmo, seksizmo, homofobijos skalės ir socioedukacinių faktorių blokas) - autorės sukurtas nepakantos nuostatų raiškos matavimo klausimynas - anketa. Magistro darbe, remiantis Lietuvos ir užsienio mokslinės literatūros analize, išanalizuotas nepakantos nuostatų kaip psichososialinio reiškinio konstruktas, atskleidžiant jo sampratą, struktūrą ir raiškos ypatumus; atskleista autoritarinių, rasistinių, seksistinių ir homofobiškų nuostatų raiška Šiaulių miesto jaunuolių populiacijoje, tarpusavio koreliaciniai ryšiai bei socioedukacinių veiksnių įtaka nuostatų raiškai. Tyrimas patvirtina autorės suformuluotą mokslinio tyrimo hipotezę, kad tarp visų nepakantos nuostatų yra teigiamas ryšys. Taip pat, pasitvirtino ir antroji hipotezė, kurioje teigiama, jog socialinių ir edukacinių faktorių įtaka nepakantos formų raiškai yra reikšminga. / The aim of this paper is to ascertain expression of intolerance attitudes of youth, their interplay and influence of socioeducational factors for attitudes expression in Siauliai University, Siauliai College and Siauliai professional school students population. The instrument of research (authoritarianism, authoritorian structure of the family, racism, sexism, homophobia scales and socioeducational factors unit) – attitudes measure questionnaire created by the author. By analyzing the foreign and local academical literature analyzed the intolerance attitudes as the psychosocial phenomenon construct, identifying the concept, structure and expression features; revealed the expression of the authoritarian, racist, homophobic and sexist attitudes of the youth population in the city of Siauliai, intercorrelation links and influence of socioeducational factors for attitudes expression The study author confirmed the research hypothesis, that between all intolerance attitudes there are positive link. Also confirmed the second hypotesis, which states that the social and educational factors influence is significant for intolerance attitudes expression.

La Virgen de los Sicarios (1994) de Fernando Vallejo, es una de las novelas más controversiales de las últimas décadas. Fernando, quién es simultáneamente narrador y protagonista, describe con un característico cinismo, la tremenda violencia urbana existente en las calles de Medellín, Colombia. La trama de la obra privilegia la muerte en todos sus aspectos, los sicarios, jóvenes asesinos a sueldo, componen la narración, y tanto la contemplación como la ejecución de los horrores vividos día a día, dan el inconfundible tono de desesperación y pesimismo que acompaña al lector durante toda la obra. María Auxiliadora y el Corazón de Jesús son los símbolos religiosos más significativos de la novela y la base del presente trabajo de investigación. Detrás de ellos se esconde una verdad desconcertante que deja al descubierto una realidad tan tremenda como la existente en las calles de Medellín, pero esta vez, dentro del alma del narrador mismo. El lector se vuelve finalmente cómplice de esta verdad logrando el narrador una verdadera y especial unión con el lector. Se ha empleado el método semiótico de interpretación de textos para lograr el objetivo de decodificación de la riqueza simbólica existente en la novela.

A maritime, rather than agricultural, foundation for civilization has been postulated for the central coast of Perú; the model has been subsequently modified in light of new evidence to include exchange with farming communities in middle valleys. A key question is what caused the sudden appearance of sites with monumental architecture before the introduction of ceramics on the central Andean coast? Recent reports call for further refinement of this hypothesis, and here we present new evidence —the finding of very ancient calendaric temples, ushnus that were observatories in the Chillón Valley. We argue that the stimulus for intensification of production of storable foods required for continued population expansion was the climate shock of the end of the Optimum Climaticum in the third millennium BC. These observatories marked dates of great practical importance for both agriculture and marine production. Astronomer priests came to manage the architecture and representational art in the Late Preceramic Chillón Valley. These powerful priests, with their own special dwellings at the site, acquired power that would have superseded the family/ayllu dimension. The complexity of the observatories at Buena Vista is without precedent in the Americas. The power guarded by those first astronomer priests may have been precariously held; an unpredicted flood could have destroyed their credibility. In any case, the ushnus at Buena Vista show that a wide variety of astronomical instruments were developed: a sighting device, the gaze of a personified figure, and the photon capturing device of a special light chamber, as well as entryway and stairwell alignments. This astronomical tradition is exhibited in a very complex stage of development by 2000 BC, at the site of Buena Vista. / Desde hace mucho tiempo, diversos investigadores han postulado un carácter marítimo, en vez de agrícola, para los orígenes de la civilización en la costa central del Perú. Este modelo ha sido subsecuentemente modificado a la luz del hallazgo de nuevas evidencias para incluir el intercambio con comunidades agrícolas establecidas en los valles medios. Una pregunta clave en relación con este tema concierne a la causa de la súbita aparición de sitios con arquitectura monumental antes de la introducción de la cerámica en la costa central andina. Los trabajos recientes reclaman mayores refinamientos para esta hipótesis, por lo que los autores presentan aquí nuevas pruebas: el hallazgo de templos calendáricos muy antiguos, un tipo de "ushnus" que sirvieron de observatorios en el valle del Chillón. Se postula aquí que el estímulo para la intensificación de la producción de alimentos factibles de almacenaje requeridos por una población en continua expansión fue la convulsión climática ocurrida a fines del Optimum Climaticum en el tercer milenio a.C. Estos observatorios marcaron fechas de gran importancia práctica tanto para la producción agrícola como marítima. De esta manera, los sacerdotes-astrónomos pasaron a administrar la arquitectura y el arte figurativo en el valle del Chillón del Periodo Precerámico Tardío. Estos poderosos individuos, que poseían viviendas especiales en el sitio, adquirieron un poder que pudo haber reemplazado la dimensión de la familia/ayllu. La complejidad de los observatorios en Buena Vista no tiene precedentes en las Américas, pero el poder ejercido por estos primeros sacerdotes-astrónomos pudo haber sido precariamente sostenido; en ese sentido, una inundación no prevista podría haber destruido su credibilidad. En todo caso, los ushnus de este complejo muestran que se desarrolló una amplia variedad de instrumentos astronómicos: un dispositivo de observación, la mirada fija de una escultura de barro con rasgos antropomorfos, un mecanismo de captura de fotones en una cámara especial, así como el alineamiento de entradas y escaleras. El despliegue de esta tradición astronómica se da en una etapa muy compleja de desarrollo hacia 2000 a.C. en el sitio de Buena Vista.

El propósito de este artículo fue documentar algunos de los hallazgos teóricos desarrollados en torno a la igualdad de género, la escuela y la educación religiosa en los últimos diez años. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un proceso de selección sistematizada de fuentes, que recopiló 38 artículos publicados entre los años 2010 y 2020. Los resultados revelan que se comparte un concepto discursivo a favor de la igualdad de género, independientemente del contexto social y cultural al que pertenecen las poblaciones de estudio en los artículos analizados. Así mismo, se halló que este discurso se contradice al seguir manteniendo actitudes y prácticas que refuerzan y perpetúan los roles tradicionales asociados a la masculinidad y a la femineidad. La evidencia muestra que este escenario es recurrente cuando el grupo de estudio se encuentra fuertemente ligado a la religión. Por otro lado, las investigaciones estudiadas muestran que los sistemas educativos homogenizan y normalizan a los estudiantes en un modelo de género, y que algunas actitudes de discriminación basadas en el sexo todavía prosperan en las aulas, las familias y la sociedad. A partir de esta investigación, se abren algunas líneas de estudio importantes, como averiguar si la educación religiosa influye en la actitud de los estudiantes frente a la igualdad de género. / The main purpose of this article was to document some of the theoretical findings developed around gender equality, school, and religious education in the last ten years. To this end, a systematized source choice process was carried out, which collected 38 articles published between 2010 and 2020. The results reveal that a discursive concept in favor of gender equality is shared, regardless of the social and cultural context to which the populations of study belong in the articles analyzed. It was also found that this discourse contradicts itself by continuing to keep attitudes and practices that reinforce and perpetuate the traditional roles associated with masculinity and femininity. The evidence shows that this scenario is recurrent when the study group is strongly linked to religion. On the other hand, research shows that education systems homogenize and normalize students into a gender model, and that some gender-based discriminatory attitudes still thrive in classrooms, families, and society. From this research, some important lines of study are opened, such as whether religious education influences the attitude of students towards gender equality. / Trabajo de investigación

Grounded in the qualitative tradition, the aim of this study was to explore how principals perceive the processes governing, tensions inherent in and consequences, of the secularisation of public schools in South Africa, against the backdrop of the old apartheid system. Principals are key informants who bridge the gap between the political arena and the individuals who are affected at the implementation level and therefore provide a valuable lens through which the process of secularisation can be explored. Eight principals, who had been in this position of leadership for at least eight years, participated in semi-structured interviews, which were then subjected to a thematic content analysis. Principals perceived the process as characterised by a lack of consultation and transparency, with no clear guidelines provided to them and no follow-through from the education ministry. They also perceived tensions in the manner in which principals continued to embrace Christian principles in the management of their schools. Tolerance and respect of different religions were identified as positive outcomes of secularisation but these were perceived to have been offset by the negative consequences of a moral collapse, an ungovernable school and a loss of identity among the students. Through exploring the nature of key socialising agents, in the educational arena, it became evident that the participants often conceptualised themselves as martyrs and perceived parents as morally neglectful. The changing role of the school, as an agent of religious education, was also explored. Overall, all the principals strongly agreed that despite the good intentions of the government in fostering a democratic society, the impact of secularisation had resulted in some unintended effects, including a negative impact on the moral development of the students. In sum they perceived that the negative consequences of secularisation outweighed the promises of the government’s overall secularisation vision.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricio Carneiro Araujo.pdf: 5474178 bytes, checksum: 18f93994384e0ca23ac8cf53a71f735a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-08 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / As a result of a doctoral research, this work investigates religious pluralism, diversity, religious intolerance and racism in the context of the Law 10.639/2003. This research demonstrates how racism took different forms in Brazil, assuming in the first instance that religious intolerance against the practitioners of Afro-Brazilian religions is a form of racism. In the case study, this phenomenon is expressed by the desavowal of the African cultural heritage represented by these religions. The investigation is constituted by an incursion into the universe of both schools and terreiros, throught a methodical interlocution with people who transit between terreiros and schools. The research period has been reinforced also by the dynamics of the wider religious context in Brazil, where an increasing intensification of persecutions and violence against the Afro-religious population has been registered. Moreover, a worrisome escalation of conflicts that make clear the terrible relation between racism and religious intolerance has been observed. Therefore, the main content of this work represents a prospect on the current situation concerning religious intolerance and racism in Brazil. Here it is argued that the Federal Law 10.639/2003, which prescribes the introduction of African and Afro-Brazilian History and Culture courses in primary schools in the whole country, is not satisfactory implemented because of the institutional racism that is present in the school environment / Resultado de uma pesquisa de doutorado, este trabalho trata sobre a Lei 10.639/2003, pluralismo religioso, diversidade, intolerância religiosa e racismo. Partindo da hipótese de que a intolerância religiosa contra pessoas ligadas às religiões afrobrasileiras constitui uma forma de racismo, este trabalho demonstra como o racismo tem assumido diferentes formas no Brasil e se manifestado através da negação da herança cultural africana representada por essas religiões. A pesquisa consistiu em uma incursão no duplo universo da escola e dos terreiros, através de uma sistemática interlocução com pessoas que transitam entre o terreiro e a escola. Durante esse período pôde-se também acompanhar as dinâmicas do campo religioso brasileiro, campo esse que tem apresentado uma intensificação crescente dos casos de perseguição e violência contra as populações afro-religiosas, além de um assustador crescimento dos conflitos que denunciam a terrível relação entre racismo e intolerância religiosa. Portanto, o conteúdo principal deste trabalho é um panorama da situação atual da intolerância religiosa e do racismo no Brasil, considerando o racismo institucional presente no universo escolar que impede a implementação satisfatória da Lei Federal 10.639/2003, lei essa que tornou obrigatório o ensino de história e cultura africana e afrobrasileira na educação básica em todo o país

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:55:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricio Carneiro Araujo.pdf: 5474178 bytes, checksum: 18f93994384e0ca23ac8cf53a71f735a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-08 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / As a result of a doctoral research, this work investigates religious pluralism, diversity, religious intolerance and racism in the context of the Law 10.639/2003. This research demonstrates how racism took different forms in Brazil, assuming in the first instance that religious intolerance against the practitioners of Afro-Brazilian religions is a form of racism. In the case study, this phenomenon is expressed by the desavowal of the African cultural heritage represented by these religions. The investigation is constituted by an incursion into the universe of both schools and terreiros, throught a methodical interlocution with people who transit between terreiros and schools. The research period has been reinforced also by the dynamics of the wider religious context in Brazil, where an increasing intensification of persecutions and violence against the Afro-religious population has been registered. Moreover, a worrisome escalation of conflicts that make clear the terrible relation between racism and religious intolerance has been observed. Therefore, the main content of this work represents a prospect on the current situation concerning religious intolerance and racism in Brazil. Here it is argued that the Federal Law 10.639/2003, which prescribes the introduction of African and Afro-Brazilian History and Culture courses in primary schools in the whole country, is not satisfactory implemented because of the institutional racism that is present in the school environment / Resultado de uma pesquisa de doutorado, este trabalho trata sobre a Lei 10.639/2003, pluralismo religioso, diversidade, intolerância religiosa e racismo. Partindo da hipótese de que a intolerância religiosa contra pessoas ligadas às religiões afrobrasileiras constitui uma forma de racismo, este trabalho demonstra como o racismo tem assumido diferentes formas no Brasil e se manifestado através da negação da herança cultural africana representada por essas religiões. A pesquisa consistiu em uma incursão no duplo universo da escola e dos terreiros, através de uma sistemática interlocução com pessoas que transitam entre o terreiro e a escola. Durante esse período pôde-se também acompanhar as dinâmicas do campo religioso brasileiro, campo esse que tem apresentado uma intensificação crescente dos casos de perseguição e violência contra as populações afro-religiosas, além de um assustador crescimento dos conflitos que denunciam a terrível relação entre racismo e intolerância religiosa. Portanto, o conteúdo principal deste trabalho é um panorama da situação atual da intolerância religiosa e do racismo no Brasil, considerando o racismo institucional presente no universo escolar que impede a implementação satisfatória da Lei Federal 10.639/2003, lei essa que tornou obrigatório o ensino de história e cultura africana e afrobrasileira na educação básica em todo o país

Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-05-26T12:54:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4711185 bytes, checksum: 2d4a53be2cd3bc31370292923f9b076d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-26T12:54:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4711185 bytes, checksum: 2d4a53be2cd3bc31370292923f9b076d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Religious intolerance is a topic that has attracted the attention of researchers especially in relation to african-brazilian religions. In Paraiba, these studies are still incipient and thus this study aimed to identify manifestations of intolerance and reactions that have been engendered in the cities of Joao Pessoa, Sape, Guarabira and Alagoa Grande. To account for the theoretical support of the research came from the symbolic interactionism of weberian concepts and bourdianos, and authors who study the field of african-brazilian religions. The qualitative research made use of the techniques of field observation and interviews in order to favor their own data in the search field and by the agents themselves religious. In this theoretical part were visited twenty-three yards, and selected and contacted twenty-three religious leaders. After interviewing the twenty-three leaders, nine were chosen to interact in the interview technique with depth, resulting sometimes in more than two interviews with the same person. From the thematic readings and field work defined the field of religious african-brazilian religions in Paraiba. Religious intolerance was approached conceptually and empirically allowing the understanding that legitimacy in its social sense is a condition not yet achieved by these religions in spite of legal legitimacy. In search of social acceptance of the construction of legitimacy is a process that is being developed through the development of mechanisms called, from the contribution of concepts berger: cognitive, normative and cognitive-normative. / A intolerância religiosa é uma temática que vem atraindo a atenção de pesquisadores sobretudo, com relação às religiões afro-brasileiras. Na Paraíba, esses estudos ainda são incipientes e assim este trabalho objetivou identificar as manifestações de intolerância e as reações que vêm sendo engendradas nas cidades de João Pessoa, Sapé, Guarabira e Alagoa Grande. Para dar conta da pesquisa os apoios teóricos vieram do interacionismo simbólico, de conceitos weberianos e bourdianos, além de autores que estudam o campo das religiões afro-brasileiras. A pesquisa de natureza qualitativa se valeu das técnicas de observação em campo e entrevista a fim de privilegiar dados no próprio campo de pesquisa e pelos próprios agentes religiosos. Nessa parte metodológica foram visitados vinte e três terreiros e, selecionadas e contatadas vinte e três lideranças religiosas. Após entrevistar as vinte e três lideranças, nove foram escolhidas para interagirem sob a técnica da entrevista com profundidade, o que resultou, algumas vezes, em mais de duas entrevistas com a mesma pessoa. A partir das leituras temáticas e do trabalho de campo foi definido o campo religioso das religiões afro-brasileiras na Paraíba. A intolerância religiosa foi abordada conceitualmente e empiricamente possibilitando a compreensão de que a legitimidade na sua acepção social é uma condição ainda não atingida por parte dessas religiões apesar de haver a legitimidade jurídica. Em busca da aceitação social a construção da legitimação é um processo que vem sendo desenvolvido mediante o empreendimento de mecanismos denominados, a partir da contribuição bergeriana: cognitivo, normativo e cognitivo-normativo.

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Diss. Hels. Phil. / Suomen kirkkohistoriallisen seuran toimituksia 51.