Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:42:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Helena Pelizon.pdf: 1678746 bytes, checksum: 088b76a6282e0b0ce67b1fb655fd2db8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-13 / The teaching of science found in most Brazilian Primary and Preschools is characterized by low level science education. Teachers lack of deep knowledge of scientific concepts and the mechanical use of didactic guides, without deeper understanding of the field, result in unmeaning teaching for the children who loose the opportunity to acquire a good start in science education. This research analyses the contribution of science education workshops, The teaching of Science in an interdisciplinary approach developed in January and July of 2004 at the School of Education of the University of São Paulo, as part of a Teacher s Education Program (PEC- Formação Universitária) with the goal to help Primary and Preschool teachers to reflect upon and transform their ways of teaching Science. We want to found out the contributions of the workshops for their scientific education and for their work with the children in classroom. The research is a descriptive and analytical study developed in two phases: first, the development and analyses of the workshops and second, two case studies, one preschool teacher and one primary school teacher in their classrooms. The data collected and analyzed give evidence that there were important gains in teachers science education, related both to the acquisition of specific science knowledge, as also pedagogical teaching methods and approaches. On the other hand it also points out the need for public educational policies that include continuing education for teachers, pedagogical supervision and support for the development of collective team work in the schools, which are essential for each teacher to develop better ways of teaching. / O ensino de Ciências praticado pela maioria dos professores das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental e educação infantil de escolas públicas brasileiras tem-se caracterizado por uma prática escolar na qual a educação científica deixa muito a desejar. Muitas vezes, por insegurança ou por medo de não dominarem assuntos específicos das Ciências Naturais, os professores acabam lidando com informações e/ou conceitos que não entendem, presentes nos livros didáticos. Assim, passam a desenvolver um ensino de Ciências empobrecido e carente de atividades interessantes, prazerosas e significativas que contribua para a formação de um pensamento científico nas crianças. O que se observa é uma repetição de temas e atividades ao longo dos primeiros anos de escolaridade das crianças. Frente a este contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as contribuições que a proposta desenvolvida na Oficina O ensino de Ciências numa abordagem interdisciplinar , ministradas durante as semanas presenciais de janeiro e julho de 2004, na Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo, como parte do Programa de Educação Continuada- Formação Universitária, trouxe para a formação científica e para a prática pedagógica de professores de educação infantil e das séries iniciais do ensino fundamental. A pesquisa caracteriza-se por ser um estudo descritivo analítico, de natureza qualitativa, realizada em duas etapas: a primeira o desenvolvimento e análise das Oficinas e a segunda, dois estudos de caso, um envolvendo uma professora de Educação Infantil e outro uma professora das séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Os dados da pesquisa mostram que houve aprendizagens dos professores tanto na aquisição de conhecimentos específicos da área, como em relação a conhecimentos pedagógicos necessários ao ensino. No entanto, a falta de políticas públicas de acompanhamento e continuidade da formação e a ausência de um trabalho coletivo nas unidades escolares desestimulam as professoras a se aventurarem numa proposta diferenciada, que acreditam, mas que, representa ousadia no contexto escolar.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo investigar a aprendizagem de estudantes universitários de japonês como língua estrangeira (JLE) e sua autonomia fora da sala de aula no contexto da cidade de São Paulo. Levando em consideração que a aprendizagem de língua tem o caráter contínuo ao longo da vida, o aprendiz precisa desenvolver a capacidade de dirigir seu estudo por conta própria, ou seja, autonomia. Enquanto essa concepção indica um atributo do aprendiz, sua prática pode ser restrita por fatores externos como o ambiente e a relação com outras pessoas. A fim de pôr qualquer ação em prática que visa à promoção da autonomia do aprendiz, faz-se necessário reconhecer formas e ambientes reais em que a aprendizagem se concretiza. No geral, o aprendiz tende a realizar atividades com sua língua-alvo fora da sala de aula por sua iniciativa, e para desenvolver sua proficiência nesse contexto, ele precisa gerenciar seu estudo. Partindo-se dessa perspectiva, fora da sala de aula é uma situação em que permite observar a autonomia do aprendiz uma vez que há certo grau de liberdade de dirigir sua aprendizagem. A pesquisa teve a natureza qualitativa com dados qualitativos e quantitativos, e configurou-se como estudo de caso. Os participantes foram trinta estudantes no total, de uma disciplina da língua japonesa (LJ) de nível básico do curso de habilitação na língua de uma instituição de ensino superior, localizada na cidade de São Paulo. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados instrumentos; observação de aulas, questionário para todos os estudantes, entrevista para sete estudantes e diário de estudo para três estudantes. Para a análise, os dados foram identificados, descritos e interpretados. Os resultados apontam que os estudantes desenvolviam várias atividades utilizando a LJ além da sala de aula por sua iniciativa, principalmente as receptivas no domínio pessoal. Na maioria das atividades de interação, amigos e colegas de estudo foram interlocutores. Apesar da ampla disponibilidade de recursos para a aprendizagem da LJ na cidade graças à imigração japonesa e ao intercâmbio econômico e comercial com o Japão, os estudantes tenderam a utilizar recursos e meios digitais como sites da internet, redes sociais e chat. Embora muitas atividades fossem realizadas principalmente pelo interesse cultural, alguns alunos tentaram compreender o conhecimento obtido durante aulas, aplicando-o nas atividades fora do contexto da instituição educacional intencionalmente. Verificou-se também o esforço de uma estudante para procurar oportunidades de interagir com falantes da LJ no domínio público e profissional. / This thesis aims at investigating the learning of undergraduate students of Japanese as foreign language and their autonomy beyond the classroom in the city of São Paulo. Considering that language learning is a lifelong activity, a learner needs to develop the capacity to direct your study on your own, namely, autonomy. While this concept indicates an learner\'s attribute, its practice can be restricted by external factors such as his environment and relationship with other people. In order to put into practice any action in pursuit of this capacity, it is essential to comprehend real forms and environments in which learning occurs. Generally speaking, the learner tends to realize activities using his target language outside the classroom taking his initiative, and so as to develop his proficiency in this context, he needs to administrate his study under his own direction. From this perspective, it can be said that it is a situation in which allows us to observe the learner autonomy because there is a certain degree of freedom to direct his own study. This research was qualitative treating both qualitative and quantitative data, and its approach was case study. The participants were thirty undergraduate students in total of a Japanese language basic level subject of the language course in the city of São Paulo. For the data collection, the instruments such as classroom observation, questionnaire for thirty students, interview for seven students and learning diary for three students were employed, and for the analysis, the data was identified, described and interpreted. The results point out that the students developed various activities using Japanese beyond the classroom, especially that of reception in the personal domain. In many cases of interaction, friends and classmates were their interlocutors. Regardless of wide range of variety of resources available to Japanese language learning in the city due to the Japanese immigration to Brazil and economic relationship with Japan, these students tended to use digital resources and medias such as internet sites, social networking services and chat. Although most activities were held primarily because of their interest in Japanese culture, some participants sought to comprehend the linguistic knowledge acquired in the classroom, using it in those out-of-classroom activities. Among the student\'s attempts to use the language, it was observed that a student looked for opportunities to interact with Japanese speakers even in the public and professional domains.

Mgr. Sarah Asfour Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Michaela Tureckiová, CSc. Studijní program: Specializace v pedagogice Studijní obor: Andragogika a management vzdělávání ABSTRACT This diploma thesis deals with lifelong education - adult education in formal, non-formal and informal education. The diploma thesis discusses about the concept of lifelong learning and the effect of education in the life of an individual. The aim is to briefly compare and evaluate lifelong learning opportunities with an emphasis on non-formal education, more specifically on retraining courses. In the diploma thesis, I deal with the strategic management of retraining courses in the field of non-formal education as well as the possibilities of innovation of the courses mentioned. The thesis is divided into two parts, namely the theoretical part and practical part. In the theoretical part, there are discussed in more detail the conditions for obtaining accreditation for organizers of retraining courses, conditions and possibilities of support for applicants for the retraining course by the Labour Office of the Czech Republic, there is discussed the advantages for employers to support their employees in non-formal education. The diploma thesis is devoted to the strategic management and planning of education, including the importance of...

This study examines the effect of deep approaches to learning on development of the inclination to inquire and lifelong learning over four years, as an essential graduated outcome that helps students face the challenges of a complex and rapidly changing world. Despite the importance of the inclination to inquire and lifelong learning, some literature has attempted to operationalize this concept in practical ways. In another limited line of studies, researchers explored how the education process and deep approaches to learning affected students' cognitive development among first-year undergraduates. This dissertation focuses on the ways that the process of deep approaches to learning influences the development of the inclination to inquire and lifelong learning through the positive feelings from information acquisition and the conceptual change from meaningful structure of information. The individuals in the sample were 1,914 first-year undergraduate students participating in the Wabash National Study on Liberal Arts Education at each of the 17 institutions in the study. This longitudinal study was designed to use three waves of data to control for student background characteristics, institutional types, overall exposure to organized instruction, and other college experiences. The current study employed ordinary least squares regressions with a weighting algorithm and also investigated whether the effects were general or conditional based on differences in race, gender, precollege total academic preparation, and precollege measure of need for cognition. Using longitudinal, pretest-posttest deign with statistical control, this study found that the higher-order learning subscale, the integrative learning subscale, and reflective learning subscale generated a significant positive effect on the development of inclination to inquire and lifelong learning over four years. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that the effect of deep approaches to learning appear to be general rather than conditional. In summary, the results confirm that the growth of inclination to inquire and lifelong learning can be fostered through deep approaches to learning. The findings suggest that higher education educators should create a developmentally-appropriate learning environment for students to organize their knowledge into cognitive structure, which fosters the capacity for lifelong learning.

The present study attempted to measure library literacy levels of open or flexible learners at the Canberra Institute of Technology (CIT) during the 1995 academic year, and to investigate to what extent the information skills component of TAFE open learning modules influence adult learners' library literacy levels. To address these issues, a quasi-experimental research methodology was used to measure library literacy levels at the beginning and, again, on or near course completion to ascertain whether any change had occurred, through the administration of a questionnaire. A number of participants were then interviewed to further validate the responses fiom the questionnaires. The study attempted to show that though courses claim to address key competencies in a vocational education and training environment, one component of the key competencies, the ability to collect, analyse and organise information, was not being met. That one component was the ability to locate (or collect) information. No strong correlations resulted fiom the library literacy levels measured and the degree to which the key competency was addressed within course modules. No statistical measures were possible due to the small sample population that eventuated, though it was almost half the original targeted population. No real gain was achieved in library literacy levels between the pretest and posttest stages of the research for either the Experimental or Control groups. Though a highly suitable research methodology, the quasi-experimental research design did have some limitations in this piece of research. The CIT flexible learning environment at the time of the study contributed to the limitations of the study. However, a number of recommendations were made on the basis of the research results, advocating some strategies that might be implemented to improve the library literacy levels of learners undertaking open or flexible delivery courses within CIT, and suggestions to change the research environment to avoid many of the problems experienced. The CIT pilot study was the first known formally documented study of library literacy levels in an Australian TAFE environment of its kind. The study reflects the literature published at the time of the study. At that time, the research in this field was minimal. Many publications and research have emerged since 1995 when this study was conducted, indicating this is an area of great interest.

<p>This paper uses evidence from a small-scale interview of five primary school principals within the Stockholm Municipality to examine their focus on student learning. To facilitate this analysis, four questions were addressed:</p><p>• What are the expectations principals have of learning for their students?</p><p>• Has there been a change in perception of learning in the 21st Century?</p><p>• How do principals think they have influence on student learning?</p><p>• How do principals see their role towards lifelong learning?</p><p>This thesis argues that we have to redefine learning for the 21st Century through emphasizing a more holistic approach to both teaching and learning and by paying more attention to learning outcomes. It explores contemporary trends in leadership education and connects them to the literature. In practice, the study uses two models, instructional leadership and transformational leadership, to integrate the the data collected. It proposes that school principals play a part in student learning through their roles of setting directions, developing people and developing the organisation.</p><p>The main results showed that the principals and vice-principals who participated in the study were aware of their roles in student learning. However, their roles were not immediately identifiable with a particular leadership style but a combination of styles. They realised that they did not encourage lifelong learning, which is an important component of 21st Century learning.</p><p>Key Words:</p><p>21st Century learning, lifelong learning, learning expectations, learning outcomes, leadership styles, instructional leadership, transformational leadership, cultural change leadership.</p>

<p>The aim of this essay is to analyze how students are constituted as subjects in local curricula. The theoretical perspective is grounded in Michel Foucault’s notion of governmentality and power/knowledge and his critique of a sovereign subject. From this theoretical perspective I use Foucault’s concept of formation of objects and Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s idea of subject positioning as tools for a discourse analysis. The analyzed documents are local curricula from fourteen Swedish municipalities. The documents are divided in to two equally sized groups based on the political governing in the municipality.</p><p>The analysis presents five themes by which statements that constitute students as subjects can be categorized. These five themes are; lifelong learning, desire, essential traits, students responsibility and life and health. The differences between local curricula from political right wing and political left wing governed municipalities are rather small, but there can be seen differences in the technologies of liberal governing. The subject that is constituted in local curricula is primarily a self-governing subject who governs it self in relation to a expertise knowledge.</p>

Syftet med denna avhandling är att studera hur den vuxna studerande konstrueras genom olika styrningstekniker inom Vuxenutbildning, Folkbildning och Högre utbildning. Vidare är syftet att analysera vad för styrningsrationalitet som både skapas genom och som skapar dessa praktiker. Det teoretiska ramverket är baserat på Michel Foucaults begrepp styrningsrationalitet (governmentality) och genealogi. Styrningsrationalitet syftar på ett specifikt sätt att se på styrning där fokus är på de tankar/mentaliteter som skapas genom olika diskurser om hur styrning skall utövas. Centrala frågor är: vad är styrningsproblematiken, vad ska styras, hur skall styrning gå till och vad är målet med styrning? Genea-logi syftar på ett specifikt sätt att se på historien. Utgångspunkten är de tankefigurer som är del av dagen diskurser, i denna avhandling diskurserna om vuxenutbildning och livslångt lärande. Vad består dessa diskurser och vad för härkomsthistoria har vissa av dess tankefigurer? Historia ses här som icke-linjär beståendes av brott och oregelbundenheter där syftet inte är att berätta en historia om framsteg där kausala samband är centrala. Istället använder jag genealogi för att destabilisera det vi idag tar för givet gällandes den vuxna studerande. En diskursanalys har genomförts av offentliga utredningar (SOUs och Ds) från 1920-talet fram tills idag som handlar om de praktiker som nämnts ovan. Resul-taten pekar på att en neoliberal styrningsrationalitet dominerar dagens diskurser om vuxenutbildning och livslångt lärande. Enligt texterna måste Sverige och Europa se till att alla dess medborgare konstant lär sig nya saker som ett sätt att möta en osäker och ständigt föränderlig framtid. Därmed skapas den vuxna som ständigt lärandes och som ett kompetent subjekt. Alla medborgare måste bli autonoma, själreglerande människor som konstant lär sig och som konstant gör val i enlighet med sina önskningar. För att konstruera sådana subjekt skapas flera tekniker för styrning såsom vägledning, risk, målstyrning/granskning, bedömning, mångfald m.m. / The aim of this dissertation is to study how the adult learner is constructed through dif-ferent techniques of governing in the practice of adult, liberal adult, and higher educa-tion. Further, the aim is to analyse what rationality of governing such governing practices create and are created by. The theoretical framework is based on Michel Foucault’s concepts of governmentality and genealogy. Governmentality refers to a specific way of viewing questions of governance where the focus is on ideas concerning how governing should be practiced. These ideas are constructed through discourse. Central questions are: what is the problematic of government, what is to be governed, how is governing to be practiced and what is the teleos (the goal to be reached) of government? Genealogy refers to at specific way of viewing history. The starting point is the figures of thought that are part of the discourses of today. In this dissertation, these discourses are adult education and lifelong learning. What are these discourses made up of and what is the descent and emergence of some of its figures of thought? Here, history is seen as non-linear and containing ruptures and irregularities. The aim is not to tell the story of how it really was, where causality is central. Instead, genealogy is a way for me to destabilize the taken-for-granted ideas of the present concerning the adult learner. A discourse analysis has been conducted based on official documents produced since the 1920s and up to the present day concerning the practices mentioned above. The results point to neo-liberal governmentality dominating the discourses of adult education and lifelong learning today. According to the texts, Sweden and Europe need to make sure that all their citizens are constantly learning as a way of facing an uncertain and constantly changing future. Thus, the adult learner is constructed as a constantly learning and competent subject. All citizens have to become autonomous, self-regulating humans who are constantly learning and who constantly make choices according to their inner desires. Several techniques of governing such as guidance, risk, auditing, assessment, diversity, etc., are constructed as a way of constructing such a subject. / On the day of the public defence date of the doctoral thesis the status of article III was: Accepted; The status of article IV was: Submitted.

This paper uses evidence from a small-scale interview of five primary school principals within the Stockholm Municipality to examine their focus on student learning. To facilitate this analysis, four questions were addressed: • What are the expectations principals have of learning for their students? • Has there been a change in perception of learning in the 21st Century? • How do principals think they have influence on student learning? • How do principals see their role towards lifelong learning? This thesis argues that we have to redefine learning for the 21st Century through emphasizing a more holistic approach to both teaching and learning and by paying more attention to learning outcomes. It explores contemporary trends in leadership education and connects them to the literature. In practice, the study uses two models, instructional leadership and transformational leadership, to integrate the the data collected. It proposes that school principals play a part in student learning through their roles of setting directions, developing people and developing the organisation. The main results showed that the principals and vice-principals who participated in the study were aware of their roles in student learning. However, their roles were not immediately identifiable with a particular leadership style but a combination of styles. They realised that they did not encourage lifelong learning, which is an important component of 21st Century learning. Key Words: 21st Century learning, lifelong learning, learning expectations, learning outcomes, leadership styles, instructional leadership, transformational leadership, cultural change leadership.

The purpose of this thesis is to find out the central, essential, and important issues concerning teaching adult students within the municipal adult education system in Sweden. In accordance with the used method, Grounded Theory, the research question runs as follows: What is the main concern of adult educators and how do they deal with it? Formal and informal conversations with and between adult educators, classroom observations and events occurring outside the classrooms were used as data. A constant comparative analysis of empirical data, supported by literature and results from previous research ended up in an empirical grounded theory. The main concern of the adult educators is the high degree of absence and the many dropouts among the students. To avoid this, a majority of the educators perform motivational work through pedagogical and social actions and try to find a balance between teaching and caring. A majority of the adult students, though, have needs that are of a socio-emotional kind; a caring dimension seems to prevail. So, the educational assignment becomes secondary to the social one, but the acts of caring are both of final and instrumental value. By teaching and caring, the adult educators try to help their students to lead a good life either at the moment or in the future, and to experience Quality of Life, the latter have to be motivated to attend school regularly. According to the andragogical principles, adults are responsible and motivated to learn by nature. However, this study shows that there is a distance between the ideal adult student and the actual one and that adult educators have to take on both the responsibility and motivational work. An informal theory, generated out of a basic set of values and an experienced-based knowledge that is vital to adult education, is thus put into educational practice.