Zugl.: Budapest, Univ., Diss., 2001

Zugl.: Göttingen, Univ., Diss., 2005/2006

Zugl.: Giessen, Univ., Diss., 2006 u.d.T.: Olsen, Morten Aronsson: Die platonische Idee des Denkens und Handelns

Zugl.: Gießen, Universiẗat, Diss., 2006 u.d.T.: Olsen, Morten Aronsson: Die platonische Idee des Denkens und Handelns.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Humanidades, Departamento de Filosofia, Programa de Pós-Gradução, 2006. / Submitted by Érika Rayanne Carvalho (carvalho.erika@ymail.com) on 2009-11-02T16:59:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 itamar rodrigues paulino.pdf: 801908 bytes, checksum: bd0ffa621683458b819f029e7e191205 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2010-05-18T11:25:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 itamar rodrigues paulino.pdf: 801908 bytes, checksum: bd0ffa621683458b819f029e7e191205 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-05-18T11:25:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 itamar rodrigues paulino.pdf: 801908 bytes, checksum: bd0ffa621683458b819f029e7e191205 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-29 / É de longa data que os discursos filosófico e literário buscam estabelecer um intenso diálogo, envolvendo um inesgotável repertório de questões, proposições e transgressões. Embora os discursos filosófico e literário caminhem por vielas sistemáticas diferenciadas, ambos comungam do mesmo desejo de provocar nosso olhar a respeito do real. O presente trabalho se propõe a uma atividade investigativa, com o intuito de problematizar a atual sociedade acerca de um importante tema presente em seu dia a dia, mas não exclusiva do seu tempo: os valores humanos. Este trabalho busca encontrar uma coerente estrutura filosófica de pensamento, no caso a Epistemologia do Romance, que permita fazer uso da Literatura, utilizando de maneira específica um romance, para demonstrar a possibilidade de se provocar o filosofar sobre a existência humana, considerando o tema da degradação dos valores humanos. Para tanto, os pensares de Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Hegel e Friedrich Nietzsche tornaram-se a fundamentação acerca dos valores humanos. Hermman Broch, e sua obra Os Sonâmbulos, contribui com uma percepção estético-literária acerca do tema. Hans-Georg Gadamer, Michel Maffesoli e outros, ajudam na proposta de uma estrutura de leitura caracterizada por uma razão sensível e pela possibilidade de se interpretar possíveis conteúdos epistemológicos imergidos da obra Os Sonâmbulos. Este trabalho, porém, não se pretende acabado, mas intenta especular sobre o que parece ser plausível, a possibilidade de usarmos um romance para enveredarmos em certos problemas caros à existência humana. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / It is a long ago that the philosophical and literary debate searches for the establishment of an intensive dialogue, involving an innumerable repertory of questions, propositions and transgressions. Although the speeches of Philosophy and Literature walk through differentiated systematic ways both speeches share the desire to provoke our sight towards the real. The purpose of the present paperwork is to investigate, as well as to problematize, the society with regards to an important subject of its daily life but not only of its own: the human values. This paper also aims to find out a philosophical structure of thought, in this case the Epistemology of Romance, that allows someone to make use of Literature, but specifically a romance, to show that it is possible to provoke philosophical thoughts about human existence, taking into consideration the subject disintegration of human values. In that sense, the thought of Immanuel Kant, Friedrich Hegel and Friedrich Nietzsche became the fundaments about human values. Hermann Broch, through his novel The Sleepwalkers, contributes to the investigation of the theme with an esthetical-literary perception. Hans-Georg Gadamer, Michel Maffesoli among others are the basis for a proposal of a reading structure characterised by the sensitive reason and by the possibility to interpret possible epistemological contents withdrawn from The Sleepwalkers. Nevertheless, this paper does not intend to be a finished work but to speculate about what seems to be far plausible, the possibility of making use of a novel in order to look into some fundamental problems of human existence.

No / In this paper, we illustrate the ways in which Bayesian statistical techniques may be used to enhance chronological resolution when applied to a series of OSL sediment dates. Such application can achieve an optimal chronological model by incorporating stratigraphic and age information. The application to luminescence data is not straightforward owing to the sources of uncertainty in each date, and here we present one solution to overcoming these difficulties, and introduce the concept of "unshared systematic" errors. Using OSL sediment dates from the site of Old Scatness Broch, Shetland Isles, UK, many measured with a high degree of precision, we illustrate some of the ways in which Bayesian techniques may be applied, as a tool for assessing systematic errors when combined with independent chronological information, and to determine the optimum chronological information for specific events and contexts. We provide a detailed procedure for the application of Bayesian methods to OSL dates using the widely available radiocarbon calibration programme OxCal.

No / This paper presents new chronological data applied to the problem of providing a date for the construction of a prehistoric building, with a case study from the Old Scatness Broch, Shetland. The innovative methodology employed utilises the combination of radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dates with the archaeological information, which includes the stratigraphic relationships of sampled deposits, context information, and evidence relating to the formation of the deposit. This paper discusses the scientific validity of the dates produced, and the advantages that the methodology employed at this site offers for archaeological interpretation. The combined dating evidence suggests that the broch at Old Scatness is earlier than the conventionally accepted dates for broch construction. More broadly it shows the value of integration of the specialists at the planning stages of the excavation. The application of a Bayesian statistical model to the sequences of dates allowed investigation of the robustness of the dates within the stratigraphic sequences, as well as increasing the resolution of the resulting chronology. In addition, the value of utilising multiple dating techniques on the same deposit was demonstrated, as this allowed different dated events to be directly compared as well as issues relating to the formation of the sampled deposit. This in turn impacted on the chronological significance of the resulting dating evidence, and therefore the confidence that could be placed in the results.

No / Brochs are monumental Iron Age (c.400–200 BC) drystone towers or roundhouses. They are only found in Scotland, particularly the Atlantic north and west. Whilst the structural layout of brochs has long been debated, few measured surveys have been conducted. Three significant broch sites form the tentative World Heritage site of “Mousa, Old Scatness and Jarlshof: the Zenith of Iron Age Shetland” (UNESCO in Mousa, Old Scatness and Jarlshof: the zenith of Iron Age Shetland, UNESCO (2019) Mousa, Old Scatness and Jarlshof: the zenith of Iron Age Shetland. http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5677. Accessed 9 Aug 2019). All three sites have undergone new surveys as part of a collaborative doctoral partnership research project. This chapter presents a diachronic perspective using digital documentation techniques to detect stone displacement and weathering at the site of Old Scatness using historic imagery, including photographs from the Old Scatness excavations (1995–2006) and regular condition monitoring undertaken by Shetland Amenity Trust to undertake retrospective digital structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry. Whilst point clouds and 3D meshes were successfully generated from low-resolution digital images, analogue film transparencies without metadata could not produce accurate geospatial data without manually trying to extant reference data. It was possible to detect displacements in stonework over time by comparing two meshes together and measuring the distances between vertex point pairs. The reliability and accuracy of these results were dependent on how well pairs of meshes could be aligned.

No description available.

L'écrivain doit « "[c]réer la valeur" », puis « reconstruire un édifice de valeurs ». Cet impératif formulé par Broch dans son essai « Le Mal dans les valeurs de l'art » constitue aussi le programme narratif de son roman Les Somnambules, œuvre polyhistorique - pour recourir à l'appellation générique qu'emploie le romancier - qui mime, et peut-être même accomplit, le processus à l'issue duquel les forces de l'Irrationnel sont canalisées pour faire l'objet d'une rationalisation. La nouvelle rationalité que s'efforce de créer Broch au moyen du polyhistoricisme, genre associé par l'auteur au « roman nouveau dans sa polyphonie à la fois rationnelle et irrationnelle », doit selon lui fournir un socle aux nouvelles croyances religieuses appelées à supplanter celles véhiculées par le christianisme, ce système axiologique totalisant qu'il convient, estime-t-il, de remplacer par un nouveau, dont la création est d'ailleurs anticipée dans l'ensemble de sa production littéraire. Roman polyphonique au sens où le discours scientifique s'y présente comme le contrepoint du discours irrationnel, Les Somnambules se propose, plus précisément, de fonder la nouvelle rationalité à partir de la prise en considération des motions psychiques inconscientes qui structurent la pensée. Le rapprochement entre la raison et ce qui excède les frontières imparties à l'entendement n'étonne guère lorsqu'à la lecture de Broch, on constate que toute grande religion permet de convertir de nouveaux fidèles, c'est-à-dire de susciter chez eux une illumination mystique ne pouvant être décrite autrement qu'irrationnellement, même si les membres de cette religion poursuivent, en contrepartie, des objectifs définis, le plus souvent, rationnellement. Ainsi, les dévots luttent, dans le meilleur des cas, contre le paganisme et sont appelés, toujours selon Broch, à faire de même en ce qui concerne les avatars de cette religion - fascisme, totalitarisme - cela en vue de prévenir l'apparition des symptômes se manifestant lors du déclenchement de délires collectifs. L'œuvre romanesque de Broch, envisagée ici à l'aune des Somnambules, est travaillée de fond en comble par les antinomies (rationnel/irrationnel, proche/lointain, souvenir/oubli, familiarité/étrangeté); il en va de même en ce qui a trait aux publications « scientifiques » de Broch, commentées en ces pages dans le cadre d'une analyse portant sur la doctrine axiologique incorporée à l'intrigue romanesque des Somnambules et sur la Théorie de la folie des masses, du même auteur. La stratégie de lecture adoptée dans le présent mémoire consiste à déplacer les frontières, voire à remettre en question leur légitimité, tracées - parfois arbitrairement par les critiques fréquentant l'œuvre de Broch - entre le roman de la connaissance irrationnelle et son indispensable complément, la philosophie scientifique, dont l'apport est susceptible de contribuer, croit le romancier, à éveiller (au sens métaphorique du terme) ses contemporains; notre auteur incite ceux-ci à re-découvrir les fondements de la Réalité, lesquels résident dans l'amitié, le sentiment amoureux et l'expérience de la mort, comme il l'écrit dans La Mort de Virgile. Les trois composantes du Réel sont également appréhendées lors de l'acquisition de la connaissance irrationnelle : le noyau de la science est le pré-savoir acquis intuitivement par le somnambule ou le rêveur. Ce noyau ainsi que ce qui l'enveloppe constituent le cœur de notre propos. Nous nous intéresserons donc, dans les pages à venir, à la dialectique du Rationnel et de l'Irrationnel. Les théories de la connaissance de Platon, Descartes, Kant, Cassirer, Jung, susciteront aussi un engouement chez nous. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : polyhistoricisme, littérature religieuse, roman gnoséologique, philosophie du roman, langage de l'immédiateté, position de valeurs, éthique, esthétique.