Thesis (M.S.)-- Air Force Institute of Technology. / The original document contains color images.

Despite the importance of the visibility and accessibility of public archives repositories, various scholars agreed that these repositories in eastern and southern Africa are not known to and are accessed by few people. This study utilised the concept of soft power as a framework to examine the visibility and accessibility of public archives repositories in South Africa with the view to suggest ways to enhance it. A quantitative approach, informed by post-positivist paradigm was employed, using questionnaires, interviews, content analysis and observation of landmarks to collect data. Public archives repositories in South Africa, Friends of Archives, legislation, annual reports, and landmarks were the universe of analysis whereas archivists working in public programming sections, deputy director of Friends of archives, 2012 to 2016 annual reports, archival legislation, social media links and the public display signage of the Limpopo, Mpumalanga, National Archives and Records Services of South Africa (NARSSA), National Film, Video and Sound Archives (NFVSA), served as a unit of analysis or source of information. The study revealed that collaboration with a good partner, especially civil society, was a key for successful public programming at the lowest cost. Whereas the KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga and Western Cape landmarks are visible, the study found that NARSSA, NFVSA, Free State, Limpopo, Northern Cape, North-West and Eastern Cape archives repositories could not easily draw potential users to archives. Furthermore, only Northern Cape and Western Cape provincial archive are active on social media through their departments. The study recommended a visibility and accessibility framework that will provide a foundation and insight on how best public archives could develop and implement integrated and yet impactful public programming activities with less expenses. / Information Science / M. Inf. (Information Science)

Text in English with abstracts in English, Afrikaans and isiXhosa / Herman Charles Bosman (1905–1951) remains a popular South African writer, despite the frequent occurrence of the offensive k-word for black people in his writings. Although the discipline of Translation Studies is presently dominated by ethical considerations, there are reasons to believe that ethical issues have been neglected in recent translations of Bosman’s English short stories into Afrikaans. His translators, Griebenow and De Lange, have conformed to a simplistic fidelity-driven perception of ethics, while more attention should have been paid to “sensitive” aspects of the original. The research problem is how this gap that exists in translation practice can be addressed, which in turn raises the question: How would one translate Bosman’s stories in an ethically responsible manner for the twenty-first century? This study not does deal with all of Bosman’s short stories but focuses on the Oom Schalk Lourens ones as these demonstrate the research problem best. Thus, the data consist of existing texts in printed form. The following stories have been selected for comparative analysis: “Makapan’s Caves”, “The Rooinek”, “The Gramophone”, “Mafeking Road”, “Splendours from Ramoutsa”, “Unto Dust”, and “Funeral Earth”. Since excerpts from the original and their corresponding translations are compared, translator style is inevitably included in the discussion. A committed approach, which considers translation as an activist and interventionist cultural activity (Brownlie 2011), forms the analytical framework of this study. The analyses indicate that Griebenow and De Lange have retained the offensive racial epithets of the source texts, rather than toning them down for modern target-text readers. Thus, the translators have been faithful to a dead author, instead of taking the socio-cultural and political context of reception into consideration. From a committed stance, I would strongly recommend that derogatory racial epithets, found in older texts, should be subdued in current translations. Otherwise, it may be better not to translate at all, as Pym (2012) suggests. Owing to translators’ responsibility for the effects of their translations on their readers, and South Africa’s political transformation to a democracy in which all people are deemed equal before the law, the use of racist language, is totally unwarranted. / Herman Charles Bosman (1905–1951) bly ʼn gewilde Suid-Afrikaanse skrywer, ten spyte van die gereelde voorkoms van die neerhalende k-woord vir swart mense in sy werk. Hoewel die dissipline, Vertaalkunde, tans deur etiese vraagstukke oorheers word, is daar rede om te vermoed dat etiese kwessies afgeskeep is in die onlangse vertalings van Bosman se Engelse kortverhale in Afrikaans. Die vertalers, Griebenow en De Lange, vereenselwig etiek met getrouheid aan die skrywer, in plaas daarvan om meer aandag te skenk aan “sensitiewe” aspekte van die oorspronklike. Die navorsingsprobleem is hoe om hierdie gaping in vertaalpraktyk aan te spreek: Hoe behoort Bosman se verhale op ʼn etiese, verantwoordelike wyse vertaal te word vir die een-en-twintigste eeu? Hierdie studie fokus op Bosman se oom Schalk Lourens-verhale wat die navorsingsprobleem die beste illustreer. Die data is derhalwe saamgestel uit bestaande tekste in gedrukte vorm. Die volgende verhale is vir vergelykende ontleding gekies: “Makapan’s Caves”, “The Rooinek”, “The Gramophone”, “Mafeking Road”, “Splendours from Ramoutsa”, “Unto Dust”, en “Funeral Earth”. Aangesien grepe uit die brontekste en die vertalings daarvan vergelyk word, is vertalerstyl noodwendig deel van die bespreking. ʼn Betrokke benadering waarvolgens vertaling as ʼn aktivistiese en intervensionistiese kulturele aktiwiteit beskou word (Brownlie 2011), vorm die ontledingsraamwerk van die studie. Die ontledings dui daarop dat Griebenow en De Lange die rassistiese skeldname van die oorspronklike behou het, in plaas daarvan om dit “sagter” uit te druk vir hedendaagse doeltaallesers. Die vertalers was getrou aan ʼn afgestorwe skrywer, eerder as om die sosiokulturele en -politiese konteks van resepsie in ag te neem. Vanuit ʼn betrokke standpunt sou ek sterk aanbeveel dat neerhalende, rassistiese benamings wat in ouer tekste voorkom, gedemp moet word in hedendaagse vertalings. Anders sou dit beter wees om hoegenaamd nie te vertaal nie, soos Pym (2012) voorstel. Vanweë vertalers se verantwoordelikheid vir die effek van hul vertalings op hul lesers, en Suid-Afrika se politiese transformasie in ʼn demokrasie waar alle mense gelyk geag word voor die wet, is die gebruik van rassistiese taal verregaande. / UHerman Charles Bosman (1905-1951) ngomnye wababhali abaphume izandla baseMzantsi Afrika, nangona iincwadi zakhe zizele ligama elingamkelekanga eliqala ngo-k elibhekiselele kubantu abantsundu. Nangona Izifundo Zoguqulo zikuthathela ingqalelo ukunanzwa kweenqobo ezisesikweni xa kuguqulelwa, kukho izizathu ezibangela ukuba kukholeleke ukuba imiba engeenqobo ezisesikweni iye yatyeshelwa xa bekuguqulelwa kwiAfrikaans amabali amafutshane kaBosman abhalwe ngesiNgesi. UGriebenow noDe Lange abangabaguquli bathande ukulandela uluvo olubonisa intembeko kumbhali, endaweni yokugxila kwimiba “enobuethe-ethe” ekwisicatshulwa sentsusa. Injongo yolu phando kukufumana indlela esinokuvalwa ngayo esi sikhewu kwimisebenzi yoguqulelo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho imibuzo ethi: Umntu angawaguqula njani amabali amafutshane kaBosman kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye apho umguquli azithathela ingqalelo iinqobo ezisesikweni. Olu phando aluwahlautyi onke amabali amafutshane kaBosman, koko lugxila kuphela kula ka-Oom Schalk Lourens kuba ingawo ayivelisa kakuhle le ngxaki/njongo yophando. Izicatshulwa ezihlalutywayo zezishicilelweyo kuphela. Amabali akhethelwe ukuthelekiswa nokuhlalutywa ngala: “Makapan’s Caves”, “The Rooinek”, “The Gramophone”, “Mafeking Road”, “Splendours from Ramoutsa”, “Unto Dust”, and “Funeral Earth”. Njengoko kuthelekiswa iziqendwana ezikula mabalana neenguqulelo zawo, isimbo sokubhala sabaguquli siyaqukwa kolu hlalutyo. Isakhelo sohlalutyo esisetyenzisiweyo kolu phando seso sisekelwe kwiingcamango zikaBrownlie (2011) ezihlela uguqulelo njengesenzo senkcubeko sokuphembelela nokungenelela. Uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba uGriebenow noDe Lange bawagcinile amagama ocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga anyelisayo asetyenziswe kwizicatshulwa zentsusa, endaweni yokuwatshintsha ngelokulungiselela abafundi ekujoliswe kubo beli xesha. Abaguquli ke ngoko baye bathembeka kakhulu kumbhali owaswelekayo endaweni yokuthathela ingqalelo imeko yokwamkelekileyo ngokwezopolitiko nentlalo. Ndiphakamisa ukuba amagama anyelisayo ocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga asetyenziswe kwiimbalo zakudala athonyalaliswe okanye atshintshwe kwiinguqulelo zangoku. Kungenjalo, kungcono kungenziwa nguqulelo kwaphela njengoko ecebisa uPym (2012). Ngenxa yoxanduva olusemagxeni abaguquli ngeziphumo zeenguqulelo zabo kubafundi bazo, nokutshintsha kwemeko yezopolitiko yoMzantsi Afrika itshintshela kwidemokhrasi apho abantu balinganayo ngokomthetho, ukusetyenziswa kolwimi olucalulayo akwamkelekanga. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics with specialisation in Translation Studies)

This research focuses on the role of the school principal as instructional leader in primary schools in Thoyandou area, Limpopo Province. It was motivated by a marked decline in the fulfilment of the instructional leadership role of principals in certain schools in the Limpopo Province. A literature study was undertaken to determine the role of a instructional leader, approaches to this role as well as the relationship between the principal's instructional leadership role and staff development and staff appraisal respectively. A qualitative inquiry was conducted using a focus group and personal interviews with a small sample of participants selected by judgement sampling. The findings suggest that understanding of the instructional leadership is fragmented; principals often fail to develop staff adequately; and the Department of Education's new approach to staff and development appraisals is not adequately implemented in schools. Finally guidelines are provided to assist principals in fulfilling their role as effective instructional leaders. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Education Management)

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 231-239) / Chapter one begins by introducing and orientating the reader to the study and the purpose of the study, namely the revelation of God. It also opens up what is central to the study by a way of a problem statement concerning this revelation of God, the black church and the human condition. The aims of the study and the research methodology are set out. The chapter ends with a hypothesis concerning the future doctrine of revelation and the prospects of this revelation in the lives of black people. Chapter two entails discussion on God and the church, as it pertains to revelation, starting with a historical account of Christian theology on the subject of revelation. The subject of revelation is engaged on an existential level, particularly the main areas of Christian theology, namely; special and general revelation. This is a section that puts both concepts within black experience, to see the viability for a black ecclesiology and black theology. Chapter two moves on to contend that for black church, there is a serious theological insurgent that is necessary and it is part and parcel of God’s revelation to blacks and the oppressed. This outlook places a section of critical reasoning in South African context and society concerning God’s revelation. Chapter three engages a philosophical meditation, ascribing meditation as a state of self-reflection for the black church and black theology. This meditation is cognisant of black experience and is self-diagnosis concern God and humanity, particularly the dehumanising, (how it must affirm essence and substance). The meditation of the black church engages the concept of absurdity as Camus (1995) (also see Melancon 1983) has posited the absurd as a malaise in the world and silence of the word to that malaise. The absurd is also linked to theodicy, however, the black experience and the encounter with God transcends absurdity and theodicy. As part of the transcending aspect of the black experience, the research considers Western atheism, Christianity and death of God, whose burial is in the mind, souls and bodies of blacks. The chapter then moves on to discuss the black church as a receptor of God’s revelation, the new image of the crucified and the new metaphysics guaranteeing the upliftment of blacks. Chapter four focuses on the black invisibility and the hiddenness of God, it is seeing invisibility and hiddenness as linked together. The chapter also focuses on the need for black visibility rooted in the ontological and physiological expression and experience of being human; Imago Dei. The chapter links black visibility with the concept of whiteness, being a dehumanising political identity imposed on the people of colour. The chapter then translates into the context of visibility, invisibility and God’s revelation within the economic South African context. The final analysis of the chapter is a confession of God’s revelation rooted in God’s visibility and running parallel to that of black visibility. Chapter five proposes that the black experience and the use of the Bible Sola Sriptura, as it reveals the black church as part of church history. As such, it takes the early church’s reading of the New Testament and understanding of Christology through kenosis; the emptying of God to be human and using that paradigm to link Christ’s human experience and the experience of the dehumanising and humanising that of blacks. The chapter concludes with a Christology and black Messiah, who links the secular and divine, general and special revelation. Chapter six concerns the findings of the study, recommendations and conclusion. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)

The research aims at investigate the production process of the video |Mulheres Mangabeiras| (mangaba pickers women) in order to verify whether and how there was use of participatory methods. This is a qualitative and descriptive research, based on methodological procedures such as literature review and data collection through open interviews. Data analysis layed upon extracts from women speeches, which contains indicators about their involvement in ex tractive production, as well as their perceptions about public visibility and empowerment offered by the video production. The results show that mangabeiras were protagonists in a kind of participatory communication, pointing to the potential of participatory processes in audiovisual production as a reaffirmation of individual and collective identities, which also brings out critical mind, dialogue promotion and a conflict management tool. / A pesquisa tem como objeto a investigação do processo produção do vídeo "Mulheres Mangabeiras", visando verificar se e como houve emprego de métodos participativos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza descritiva, tendo como procedimentos metodológicos a revisão bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo através de entrevistas abertas. A análise dos dados, realizada a partir de extratos de indicadores nas falas, buscou verificar o tipo de participação dessas extrativistas na produção, bem como suas percepções acerca da visibilidade pública e das ações de empoderamento proporcionadas pelo vídeo. Os resultados demonstram que as mangabeiras foram protagonistas de um tipo de comunicação participativa, apontando para as potencialidades dos processos participativos na produção audiovisual enquanto ferramenta de reafirmação de identidades individuais e coletivas, reflexão crítica, promoção de diálogo e administração de conflitos.

The research aims at investigate the production process of the video |Mulheres Mangabeiras| (mangaba pickers women) in order to verify whether and how there was use of participatory methods. This is a qualitative and descriptive research, based on methodological procedures such as literature review and data collection through open interviews. Data analysis layed upon extracts from women speeches, which contains indicators about their involvement in ex tractive production, as well as their perceptions about public visibility and empowerment offered by the video production. The results show that mangabeiras were protagonists in a kind of participatory communication, pointing to the potential of participatory processes in audiovisual production as a reaffirmation of individual and collective identities, which also brings out critical mind, dialogue promotion and a conflict management tool. / A pesquisa tem como objeto a investigação do processo produção do vídeo "Mulheres Mangabeiras", visando verificar se e como houve emprego de métodos participativos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza descritiva, tendo como procedimentos metodológicos a revisão bibliográfica e a pesquisa de campo através de entrevistas abertas. A análise dos dados, realizada a partir de extratos de indicadores nas falas, buscou verificar o tipo de participação dessas extrativistas na produção, bem como suas percepções acerca da visibilidade pública e das ações de empoderamento proporcionadas pelo vídeo. Os resultados demonstram que as mangabeiras foram protagonistas de um tipo de comunicação participativa, apontando para as potencialidades dos processos participativos na produção audiovisual enquanto ferramenta de reafirmação de identidades individuais e coletivas, reflexão crítica, promoção de diálogo e administração de conflitos.

[pt] A presente tese discute estratégias de visibilidade social e midiática a partir de práticas de comunicação empreendidas por jovens no Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil, e em Nova Orleans (LA), Estados Unidos. Para tanto, são apresentados relatos de estudo de campo realizado nestas cidades, apoiado no método etnográfico – elegendo como ferramental a pesquisa participante e a análise qualitativa em perspectiva feminista –, além do amparo teórico alicerçado em tópicos da Comunicação, da Sociologia e da Antropologia, principalmente. Os sujeitos observados no Brasil (2014-2016) são idealizadores, promotores e participantes de festivais e batalhas de passinho, dança que surgiu nos anos 2000 nas favelas cariocas. Enquanto estilo que congrega cada vez mais meninos e meninas, com significativa repercussão midiática, o passinho revela aspectos comuns aos indivíduos favelados, situações cotidianas que passam por escolha de caminhos a seguir, conflitos de interesses pessoais e da família e a relação com o território que, em resposta a um estigma de lugar, tem sido ressignificada no orgulho da afirmação sou favelado. Na singularidade do corpo performático, o passinho posiciona o dançarino nas questões coletivas que o aproximam de outros em condições semelhantes. Já a investigação em campo em Nova Orleans (2015- 2016) permitiu a observação do ativismo juvenil em eventos de poesia (spoken word) organizados pelo New Orleans Youth Open Mic e em postagens do Blog Noirlinians, que explora moda, cultura e território, na esteira de movimentos sociais contemporâneos, como Black Lives Matter. Ambos mobilizam majoritariamente jovens pretos, conectados por referenciais e práticas de autorreconhecimento como via possível de produção de visibilidade em um contexto que o estigma está na cor da pele. Os grupos acompanhados no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos têm em comum a criatividade e a expressão corporal como fórum de discussão e meio de representação, além do uso de mídias sociais digitais e website para promoverem suas atividades, comunidades e a si próprios, ultrapassando, pela mobilização cultural e artística, a geografia de suas cidades. A partir do tripé juventudes, representações e visibilidade, que sustenta esta análise, verificou-se nos comportamentos e práticas juvenis a manifestação de indivíduos que percebem e assumem a relação social como uma experiência que passa pela via da sensibilidade, transcendendo interações pessoais e apoiando-se, cada vez mais, no campo das possibilidades advindas da vida digital, a fim de buscar reconhecimento em um contexto de padrões de valoração sociocultural institucionalizados que fazem com que algumas pessoas se tornem invisíveis, simplesmente pelo fato de não responderem a modelos ideais de ser, ter, pertencer, comportar-se, como os participantes favelados e pretos deste estudo. Nesta composição, corpo e novas tecnologias surgem, então, como elementos estratégicos na construção e proposição de (auto)representações entre as juventudes observadas, de forma que se evidenciam, pelo menos, dois aspectos: 1) O corpo juvenil destaca-se como a própria mídia, plataforma central, explorada como território político, construído poética e culturalmente; 2) Práticas comunicacionais possibilitadas por novas tecnologias potencializam distintas experiências de subjetivação. Tais experiências permitem a apreciação do saber proveniente da sensorialidade: as maneiras como jovens habitam diferentes territórios – físicos e virtuais - e traçam suas trajetórias – muitas vezes agindo individualmente, porém, jogando luz sobre competências coletivas. / [en] This thesis discusses strategies of social and media visibility based on communication practices launched by young people in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, and in New Orleans (LA), United States. In order to do so, we present the reports of a fieldwork carried out in these cities, supported by the ethnographic method - participant research and qualitative analysis in a feminist perspective - as well as the theoretical support based on topics of Communication, Sociology and Anthropology, mainly. The young people observed in Brazil (2014-2016) are idealizers, promoters and participants of festivals and battles of passinho, a dance originated in the years 2000 in the Rio s shantytowns. As a style that congregates more and more boys and girls, with significant media repercussions, passinho reveals common aspects of individuals from favelas, everyday situations that pass through the choice that they make to follow in their lives, conflicts of personal and family interests and the relationship with the territory that in response to a stigma of place, it has been re-signified in the pride of the statement I am favelado. In the singularity of the performative body, passinho places the dancer in the collective questions that brings him closer to others in similar conditions. The fieldwork in New Orleans (2015-2016) allowed the observation of youth activism in spoken word events organized by the New Orleans Youth Open Mic and in the posts of Blog Noirlinians which explores fashion, culture and territory in the wake of contemporary social movements, such as Black Lives Matter. Both mobilize mostly black youth, connected by referential and practices of selfrecognition as a possible way of producing visibility in a context where the stigma is in the skin color. The groups observed in Brazil and in the United States have in common the creativity and the corporal expression as a forum of discussion and means of representation, besides the use of digital social media and website to promote their activities, communities and themselves, surpassing, for cultural and artistic mobilization, the geography of their cities. From the base of youths, representations and visibility, which supports this analysis, it was verified in the youth s behaviors and practices the manifestation of individuals who perceive and assume the social relation as an experience that passes through the path of sensitivity. Transcending personal interactions, those young people have seeked out recognition in a context of institutionalized sociocultural valuation patterns that make some people invisible simply because they do not respond to ideal models of to be, to have, to belong, to behave like the favelados and black people participants of this study. In this composition, body and new technologies appear as strategic elements in the construction and proposition of (self) representations among the youths observed, so that at least two aspects are evident: 1) The youth body emphasizes as the media itself, a central platform, exploited as a political territory, constructed poetically and culturally; 2) Communication practices made possible by new technologies enhance different experiences of subjectivation. Such experiences allow the appreciation of the knowledge that comes from sensoriality: the ways young people inhabit different territories - physical and virtual - and trace their trajectories - often acting individually, however, shed light on collective competences.

The thesis „Legal Context of Night-time Road Accidents with Pedestrian „deals with the interpretation of legal decisions on traffic accidents caused by the vehicle during the night and where the other participant was a pedestrian. The main aim of this thesis is to find the established limits for the assessing of blame in comparable accident situations in cases of traffic accidents of the vehicle and the pedestrian at the reduced visibility with emphasis on the assessing in relation to the circumstances of the cases from the technical and legal point of view and in relation to the health consequences. Legal interpretations of the law are defined within the theoretical part of the thesis with emphasis on the ones which appear repeatedly in the judicial decisions. Approximately 1530 judicial decisions were studied and analysed in the analytical part, of which 56 were selected, that corresponds to the requirements of this thesis. There are also 5 expert evidences provided by the Institute of Forensic Engineering of Brno University of Technology. In the above mentioned cases there were defined the limits for the assessing of accidents based on which the judicial decision was predicted in context with the defined established limits for the judicial decisions at the top of the court hierarchy.

A part of the road I/43 in the section between Černá Hora and Sebranice is the subject of diploma thesis. The output of thesis is to identify problematic parts of the safety and fluency of traffic and to propose appropriate measures. The road I/43 is very problematic and discussed of these aspects. Becouse of the character and the results of traffic accidents is called Highway of death. The thesis contains proposals of structural modification in selected problematic sections. These structural modifications are intended to increase the safety of traffic, but in order to limit of flow of traffic. Depending on the long-delayed contruction of expressway R43 is in order to make quick and effective increase the safety and the fluency of traffic counting with traffic intensity in the full range.