David Mamet's Race is overdetermined by the paratexts hovering around it, most notably the essays in which he publicizes his conservative turn. This textual environment accentuates the text's participation in a contemporary political discourse that social scientists have theorized as post-racialism. But Race accommodates more complex and conflicted meanings: I read the play not so much as an advertisement of post-race ideology but as a text that exposes and deconstructs this ideology. I argue that this layer of meaning is primarily an effect of the legal drama genre on which the text draws. The conventions of the legal drama that Race invokes activate meanings in the text that cannot be fully controlled by the backlash-agenda articulated in the author's essays. / "Der vorliegende Beitrag ist die pre-print Version. Bitte nutzen Sie für Zitate die Seitenzahl der Original-Version." (siehe Quellenangabe)

Généralement considéré à l’aune de significations historiques, pour le rôle qu’il joue dans l’économie sociale et l’éclairage qu’il permet de porter sur la production musicale, le concert est aussi, plus rarement, envisagé selon le rapport qu’il entretient naturellement avec le monde du spectacle et l’univers religieux. Mais la question de son ontologie reste suspendue. Cherchant à saisir ce qui le constitue dans sa radicalité, nous élaborons dans ces pages une réflexion en deux temps. Le premier est consacré à un tableau, Le Concert, peint par Nicolas de Staël en 1955 après qu’il a assisté à deux concerts du Domaine musical. Le second propose de penser une poétique du concert, c’est-à-dire de s’intéresser au faire. De l’un à l’autre apparaît puis s’affirme la trace d’une discontinuité foncière, constitutive du concert. Ce que le tableau donne à voir, à la jointure des préoccupations anciennes du peintre et d’un événement musical, c’est une essence fragmentaire laissée nue. Nous saisissant de cette matière, nous nous interrogeons sur le rapport du concert à l’œuvre : qu’est le concert en regard de l’œuvre musicale, du morceau de musique, de l’opéra ? La question de l’unité et celle du sens s’imposent en contrepoint, constituant progressivement un dialogue avec l’univers du livre, depuis les origines didactiques du concert jusqu’à la désignation d’un geste poétique qui le fonde. Cette profonde intimité avec la poésie nous mène à l’orée d’une pensée politique de l’événement : fabriqué et fabriquant, le concert n’accède à la cohérence que dans un virtuose tissage de rapports. / Considered for the most part according to its historical significance, both for its role in the social economy and for the light it sheds on musical production, the concert is only rarely studied in terms of the theatrical and religious worlds to which it is, by its very nature, related. The question of its ontology, however, remains deferred. In an effort to understand what constitutes the concert’s radicality, a two-pronged approach has been developed here. The first is applied to Nicolas de Stael’s The Concert (1955), which he painted after having attended two Domaine musical concerts. The second attempts to elaborate a poetics of the concert, that is, to explore its doing. The trace of a fundamental discontinuity that is vital to the concert appears as we move from one to the other, faintly at first, and then more clearly. What this painting shows us, at the intersection of the old preoccupations of the painter and of a musical event, is a fragmentary essence laid bare. Using this subject as the basis of our study, we examine the relations between the concert and the work itself: how is the concert related to the musical opus, the musical piece, the opera ? In counterpoint, the questions of meaning and unity are crucial here, gradually opening a dialogue with the world of the book, from the didactic origins of the concert to the defining of the poetic gesture on which it is based. This deep intimacy with poetry leads us to a political approach to the event : fabricated and fabricating, the concert can only attain its coherence through the virtuous interweaving of connections.

Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l'université Michel de Montaigne Bordeaux 3, sous la co-direction de Danièle James-Raoul. / Cette thèse s’intéresse à la manière dont l’oulipien Jacques Roubaud, tout en réécrivant des textes et des motifs venus du Moyen Âge, exhume aussi des pratiques littéraires de l’époque. En effet, tout au long de son œuvre, l’écrivain n’a de cesse d’avouer son penchant pour les lettres médiévales. Non content de publier, en qualité d’érudit, des essais sur la lyrique des troubadours ou le roman arthurien, il considère aussi les textes et les auteurs du Moyen Âge comme autant de modèles à sa propre posture. Il se reconnaît notamment dans cette conception de la littérature où l’originalité se jauge à l’aune, non pas de la pure nouveauté, mais de la récupération incessante du déjà-dit. L’écriture est toujours réécriture, adaptation et transmission d’œuvres anciennes, en un mot résolument médiéval, elle est toujours « translation ». En recomposant la bibliothèque médiévale qu’arpente Jacques Roubaud au gré de ses écrits, ce travail cherche donc à cerner les mécanismes et les enjeux d’une réécriture à la lumière de la poétique médiévale. / This thesis examines how Jacques Roubaud, while rewriting texts and motifs from Middle Ages, also recaptures an ancient practice of literature. Indeed, throughout his work, Jacques Roubaud acknowledges medieval literature as an inspirational field. Not only does he publish, as a true scholar, several essays about troubadours and Arthurian romances, but also considers texts and writers of Middle Ages as examples to be followed for his own material. He seems to recognise himself in the medieval conception of literature, in which originality is not a matter of newness but consists in dealing with what has already been told. Writing is always about rewriting, adapting and passing old tales on, in a medieval word, writing is about “translatio”. By reconstructing the old library that Jacques Roubaud paces, this study therefore analyses the numerous mechanisms of rewriting in the light of medieval poetic.

Growing up in a bicultural household, navigating the F train as well as mountain creeks, studying culture and then participating in its production, these are some of the idiosyncrasies that I bring to my work. My investigations are rooted in combining a rediscovery of the sensuousness of the natural world and an investigation of the poetics of everyday life. Choosing materials and situations within the realm of the everyday, I'm interested in a transformation that suggests the infinite potential and worth in all things. The resulting objects have identities as complex as my own. They are ridiculous and serious, normal and magical, and confident in their awkwardness. This document was created in Microsoft Word X for mac.

This thesis offers the first critical examination of the sound of laughter in Romantic poetry. Part one locates laughter in the history of ideas of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and explores the interplay between laughter and key intellectual, aesthetic, ethical, and social issues in the Romantic period. I chart a development in thinking about laughter from its primary association with ridicule and the passions up to the early decades of the eighteenth century, to its emerging symbiosis with politeness and aesthetic judgement, before a reassertion of laughter's signification of passion and naturalness by the end of the eighteenth century. Laughter provides an innovative means of mapping cultural markers, and I argue that it highlights shifts in standards and questions of taste. Informed by this analysis, part two offers a series of historically aware close readings of Romantic poetry that identify both an indebtedness to, and refutation of, earlier and contemporaneous ideas about laughter. Rather than having humour or comedy as its central concerns, this thesis identifies the pervasive and capricious influence of the sound of the laugh in the writing of Robert Burns, William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Leigh Hunt, Lord Byron, Percy Shelley, and John Keats. I detect the heterogeneous representations of laughter in their work that runs across a diverse range of genres, poetic forms, themes, and contexts. As such, I argue against the serious versus the humorous binary which prevails in literary criticism of Romanticism, and suggest that laughter articulates the interplay between the elegiac and the comic, the sublime and the ridiculous, the solitary and the communal. Moreover, I detect a double-naturedness to the sound of laughter in Romantic poetry that registers the subject's capacity to signify both consensus and dispute. This inherent polarity creates a tension in the poems as laughter ironically challenges what it also affirms. Never singularly fixed, the sound of laughter reveals the protean nature of Romantic verse.

Title of the thesis: Poetics of Jacques Prévert's work of art and the exploitation of his poetry in a French language education. Keywords: poetics, French poetry, French chanson, poetic realism, surrealism, motivation Abstract: The aim of this thesis was to intercept and denote an artistic legacy in Jacques Prévert's work of art which has an overtime value and is capable with its themes of everyday life to also address the contemporary generations. The magic of Prévert's genius consists in his simple language that is spoken by common men, all the people use this language and thus, they could understand it well. A poet intensifies his legacy by series of examples and illustrations of everyday life that make his works accessible for everyone. In a thesis, we have primarily paid attention to the poetics of his large artistic creation by pointing on the particularity of his poetic language, the simplicity and accessibility of his work. Through Prévert's poetry and chanson, we have tried to present French language to teenage students in an inventive and creative way not only as a language itself, but also as a cultural heritage of the country. We elaborated pedagogical sheets in a practical part of a thesis aimed to serve as a methodological resource for the French language teachers.

Nicolas Petit (c. 1497-1532), originaire de Normandie, étudia et enseigna au collège de Montaigu à Paris (c. 1510-c. 1522). Ce collège avait mauvaise réputation auprès des humanistes qui le disaient hostile au Bonae Literae, mais la modernité de sa poésie (Elegiae de redemptione humana, Paris, Jean Petit, 1517, en collaboration avec Jean Des Fossés ;Sylvae. Arion, Gornais, Barbaromachia cum aliquot hymnis, Paris, Jean de Gourmont, 1522)contredit ces représentations traditionnelles. Petit partit ensuite à Poitiers étudier le droit ; il yfréquenta les cercles littéraires et devint ami du poète rhétoriqueur Jean Bouchet et du jeune François Rabelais.Cette thèse consiste d’une part en l’édition, l’annotation, la traduction des Sylvae et des Elegiae de redemptione humana (1er volume). Un second volume contient une étude du contexte intellectuel du collège de Montaigu qui s’appuie sur la lecture des oeuvres produites dans et autour de ce collège ; j’entame ensuite une étude littéraire des Sylvae (imitation deStace, influence d’Ange Politien, nature pré-rabelaisienne des textes de Petit) ; je termine en analysant l’influence de la poésie de Petit sur les oeuvres de J. Bouchet et F. Rabelais. Dans chacune de ces parties, j’appuie ma réflexion sur un panorama général de la littérature néo-latine du temps, pour mieux situer Petit dans son contexte intellectuel et littéraire. / Nicolas Petit (c. 1497-1532), from Normandy, studied and taught in the college of Montaiguin Paris (c. 1510-C. 1522). This college had bad reputation among the Humanists who said itwas hostile to Bonae Literae, but the modernity of Petit’s poetry (Elegiae de redemptionehumana, Paris, Jean Petit, 1517, in collaboration with Jean Des Fossés ; Sylvae. Arion,Gornais, Barbaromachia cum aliquot hymnis, Paris, Jean de Gourmont, 1522) contradictsthose traditional representations. Afterwards, Petit went to Poitiers (c. 1522-1532) to studylaw ; there, he frequented the literary circles and became friend with the Rhetoriqueur poetJean Bouchet and the young François Rabelais.This Ph. D. consists in the edition, annotation and traduction of the Sylvae and of the Elegiaede redemptione humana (1st volume). A second volume contains a study of the intellectualbackground of the college of Montaigu which bases on a reading of the texts written in andaround this college ; then I begin a literary study of the Sylvae (imitation of Stace, influenceof Angelo Poliziano, pre-rabelaisian nature of Petit’s texts) ; in the last part, I analyze theinfluence of Petit’s poetry on Jean Bouchet’s works and also on Rabelais’s ones. In each partof my study, I base my reflection on a general overview of neo-latine literature of the time, inorder to insert Petit in his intellectual and literary background.

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Nesta dissertação traduzimos e comentamos os quatro primeiros registros de diário (10- 14 de maio de 1932, 50 páginas) da obra EIMI de Edward Estlin Cummings (1894-1962). EIMI é um diário/romance experimental que relata a viagem de trinta e seis dias que Cummings realizou na Rússia soviética entre maio e junho de 1931. Justificamos a escolha de EIMI porque, além de entendermos que é um livro importante e pertinente no contexto do Modernismo literário do século XX, ele nunca foi traduzido. Com o intuito de respaldar nossa pioneira tradução realizamos uma pesquisa que pode ser dividida em duas esferas: estudos sobre a vida e a obra de Cummings; e estudos sobre o ato de traduzir, focados especificamente na exploração do livro Poétique du traduire de Henri Meschonnic. As investigações dentro da primeira esfera fundamentaram o Capítulo 1 do trabalho, onde apresentamos e problematizamos EIMI. As investigações da segunda esfera fundamentaram o Capítulo 2. Aqui, partimos do pressuposto que o sujeito e a língua são elementos necessários para que se faça literatura; mas que o fazer literário, por seu turno, é fundamental no processo de formação e compreensão do que é (ou se torna) a língua e o sujeito. Argumentamos, com Meschonnic, que mais importante do que traduzir a língua de uma obra é traduzir o modo como a obra negocia, através do uso específico da língua por um sujeito, uma nova língua e um novo sujeito. Posto de outro modo, argumentamos que não é a língua no sentido estrito que se traduz, mas o discursotal qual articulado em uma obra específica e implicado na subjetividade de um ser histórico. Testaremos as diretrizes de Meschonnic em nossa própria tradução e comentários, expostos no Capítulo 3. / In this dissertation I translate and comment upon the first four diary entries (May 10-14, 1932, 50 pages) of the work EIMI by Edward Estlin Cummings (1894-1962). EIMI is an experimental diary/novel that recounts the thirty-six-day trip that Cummings made to Soviet Russia between May and June of 1931. I justify choosing EIMI because it is, as I seek to demonstrate, an important and pertinent work within 20th Century literary Modernism, which, furthermore, has never been translated. As a means of supporting the translation itself, the dissertation also includes a theoretical study that can be divided into two spheres: research on the life and work of Cummings; and research on the act of translating, focused specifically on the exploration of the book Poétique du traduire by Henri Meschonnic. The investigations within the first sphere make up Chapter 1 of the dissertation, where I introduce and examine EIMI. The investigations within the second sphere make up Chapter 2. Here, I start with the assumption that subject and language are necessary elements for the making of literature; but that the literary act is, in its turn, fundamental to the process of shaping and understanding what is (or becomes of) the language and the subject. I argue, with Meschonnic, that more important than to translate the language of a work is to translate the way in which the work negotiates, through the specific use of language by a subject, a new language and a new subject. In other words, I argue that it is not the language of a text that is translated, but a subjects discourse such as articulated in a specific text and implied within the subjectivity of the historic beings who conceive it and read it. I put Meschonnics guidelines to test on my own translation and commentary in Chapter 3.

O presente trabalho busca analisar, compreender e explicar, sob a perspectiva de uma crítica marxista e de uma teoria estruturalista genética, a itinerância da voz narrativa de António Lobo Antunes (GOMES, 1993; SEIXO, 2001) na construção de uma forma contemporânea para o romance histórico português. Para tanto, apresenta o romance de Lobo Antunes como partícipe de uma poética do romance histórico português contemporâneo e, nesse sentido, como forma narrativa dinâmica (LUKÁCS, 2011/1.ed.1955; GOLDMANN, 1972; JAMESON, 2007; ANDERSON, 2007; EAGLETON, 2006; WATT, 2010) relacionada, dialeticamente, às condições históricas, geográficas e sociais impostas pela colonialidade portuguesa (WALLERSTEIN, 1983; QUIJANO, 2002; BRAUDEL, 2009; GROSFOGUEL, 2008), materializada, esteticamente, a partir de dois eixos construtivos: de um lado, a partir da mobilização e da ressignificação de recursos estéticos legados pelas vanguardas modernistas e, de outro lado, a partir da vocação para problematização das identidades e do pertencimento lusos. Esta proposição é demonstrada com uma análise compreensiva e uma explicação estruturalista genética da poética desenvolvida por Lobo Antunes para o romance histórico português contemporâneo e a sua aplicação na conformação de duas de suas obras epigonais: As Naus (1988) e Comissão das Lágrimas (2011). / The presented paper tries to analyze, comprehend and explain, under a marxist aesthetic and a genetic structuralistic theory, the moving of the narrative voice of António Lobo Antunes (GOMES, 1993; SEIXO, 2001) in the construction of a contemporary form to the Portuguese historical novel. Therefore, it presents Lobo Antuness novel as a participant in a poetics of contemporary Portuguese historical novel and, in this sense, as a dinamic narrative form (LUKÁCS, 2011/1.ed. 1955; GOLDMANN, 1972; JAMESON, 2007; ANDERSON, 2007; EAGLETON, 2006; WATT, 2010) related, dialectically, to the historical, geografical and social conditions imposed by the Portuguese coloniality (WALLERSTEIN, 1983; QUIJANO, 2002; BRAUDEL, 2009; GROSFOGUEL, 2008) and that materializes, thereby, from two constructive axes: in one hand, on the mobilization and on the resignification of aesthetic resources bequeathed by the modernist vanguards and, on the other hand, in the vocation for problematization of the luso identities and belongingness. It demonstrates this proposition, with a comprehensive analysis and with a genetic structuralistc explanation of Antuness poetics to the contemporary Portuguese historical novel and its application in the conformation in two of his ensuing works: As Naus (1988) and Comissão das lágrimas (2011).