In times of progressive urbanization and increased environmental awareness, the mobility sector faces the challenge to satisfy an increasing demand, while simultaneously decreasing the negative externalities of transportation. The emerging concept Mobility as a Service (MaaS) claims to resolve this conflict, by offering individualized and seamless mobility through combination of all available modes. This thesis quantifies the tank to wheel (TTW) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a MaaS implementation and simulates effects of potential variations in the service. The pilot under focus is an alteration of MaaS, which is exclusively available to the work force of a specific corporation. This variation is called Corporate Mobility as a Service (CMaaS). The evaluation is based on cross-sectional survey among the employees and operational data from the CMaaS operator. The transport demand model applies a person category approach. The total daily GHG emitted by the work force’s on-site mobility is estimated to 3.735 tCO2. Compared to on-site trips by private cars, trips with CMaaS emit less than half as many GHG emissions per passenger kilometer traveled. This highlights the environmental benefits of MaaS, especially in replacing short trips by private car. Due to the composition of the underlying data sources and the therefore chosen methodology the reactivity to implemented scenarios is very limited. Thus, analysis and interpretation of the results is restricted to largely aggregated levels. Nonetheless, this study offers an initial orientation point for further estimation of TTW GHG emissions by MaaS schemes. Beyond, it highlights the lack in understanding and modelling of corporate mobility in general.

Millennials are the newest generation to enter the workforce. When Millennials enter organizations, managers construct perceptions about Millennials’ communication behaviors, including their characteristics and adherence to organizational rules. These perceptions help managers decide Millennials’ organizational fit. A review of literature revealed a scarcity of empirical research in this area with little empirical research from communication scholars who apply communication frameworks, theories, and concepts. This research used the lens of social constructionism to understand the membership categorization devices and category-bound activities managers use to characterize Millennials. In order to better understand how Millennials conform to and change organizational culture, data were reviewed for those normative and code rules managers described Millennials violating. In this qualitative, exploratory study, 25 managers who were 31 years of age or older that worked in the hospitality industry and managed Millennial (18 to 30 years old) employees were interviewed through a snowball convenience sample. Interviews were transcribed and patterns were identified. Data analysis indicated that “kids,” “age group,” and “Millennials” and variations of the Millennial term were used to categorize Millennials. Analysis of category-bound activities showed patterns in Millennials’ desire for learning and training, mixed preference for teamwork often affected by their liking for peers, and needs for frequent, clear, personalized feedback. With respect to rule violations, data showed that some organizations were adapting their cell phone policies in response to Millennial rules resistance. However, organizations were not willing to accommodate Millennials’ rule violations in either the area of time-off requests or uncivil behavior due to organizational codes. iv Keywords: Millennials, social constructionism, membership-categorization devices, categorybound activities, communication rules, organizational assimilation

Данная диссертация посвящена исследованию категории исчисляемости на примере английских существительных singularia tantum. В работе исследуется каким образом эти существительные могут переходить в разряд исчисляемых, рассматриваются особенности этого перехода, в частности семантические сдвиги существительных singularia tantum и оценивается влияние контекста на этот переход. / This thesis is dedicated to the research of the category of countability illustrated by singularia tantum nouns in the English language. The study shows how singularia tantum nouns can move to the class of countable nouns, looks into the characteristics of this transition, especially into the sematic shift of singularia tantum nouns and evaluates the influence of the context on this transition.

В данной магистерской диссертации исследуется категориальная специфика жанра (текстотипа) новостной заметки. Рассматриваются особенности выражения темы, хронотопа и тональности в новостных заметках на сайте агентства URA.Ru за декабрь 2017 г. Описано типологическое функционирование данных категорий; доказано, что набор категорий «тема + хронотоп + тональность» может быть признан необходимым и достаточным для описания новостной заметки как жанра публицистического функционального стиля. Полученные результаты анализа проявлений названных текстовых категорий ассоциированы со всем объемом сплошной выборки и транспонированы на весь жанр новостной заметки как текстотип. / This master degree thesis studies the categorical specifics of the news notes texts. The features of topical, chronotopical, and tonal representations in the news notes texts published on the URA.Ru website during December 2017 are considered. The typical functionality of the categories given is characterized, the set of such categories as theme, chronotope, and tonality being recognized as essential and sufficient to describe a news note as a genre of the newspaper style. The analysis results of the verbal representations of the text categories given were then associated with the entire continuous sampling, and transposed to the whole text type of the news notes.

Syfte: I den komplexa miljö som inköp inom lågvolymstillverkande företag befinner sig i ställs krav på kostnadsreducering. Ofta är fokus på inköpspriset medan flertalet osynliga kostnader, som ofta är större, är dolda under vattenytan. Det återfinns befintlig teori kring totalkostnadsanalyser men det finns fortfarande behov av att skapa möjlighet för praktisk implementering på företag. I linje med det är studiens syfte att utveckla en praktisk totalkostnadsanalysprocess för inköp inom lågvolymstillverkande företag. För att uppnå syftet har tre frågeställningar formulerats enligt följande: (1) Vilka kostnader återfinns vid inköp av artiklar inom lågvolymstillverkning? (2) Hur bör kostnaderna vid inköp av artiklar inom lågvolymstillverkande företag prioriteras i en totalkostnadsanalys? (3) Hur bör kostnaderna vid inköp av artiklar inom lågvolymstillverkande företag beaktas vid en totalkostnadsanalys? Metod: Studien baseras på en fallstudie av kvalitativ karaktär. Studien genomfördes på Saab Aeronautics i Linköping, där empiri insamlats via datainsamlingsteknikerna dokumentstudie, enkät och intervju. Därtill utfördes en litteraturgenomgång där befintlig teori inom området kartlades. Vidare jämfördes teori och empiri från företaget för att fastställa den praktiska process som var syftet med studien att uppnå. Resultat: I studien identifieras 14 grupper av kostnader som sedan storleksmässigt delas upp efter artikeltyp och prioriterades baserat på empiri från fallföretaget. Vidareresulterar studien i hur artiklar beaktas utifrån teori om Kraljics matris och leverantörspreferensiering samt empiri om hur olika artiklar kan hanteras utifrån empiri från fallföretaget. Studien resulterar i en totalkostnadsanalysprocess i åtta steg där praktisk möjlighet till implementering skapas via artikeluppdelning. Ekonomisk och miljömässig hållbarhet uppnås genom att företag ges möjligheten att minska sina kostnader och göra miljövänligare beslut. Implikationer: Studien bidrar till både praktiska och teoretiska implikationer.Processen är ett verktyg som inköpsavdelningen på lågvolymstillverkande företag kan använda sig av för att skapa sig en möjlighet att få vetskap om dolda kostnader.Vetskapen om kostnaderna skapar även möjlighet till att minska kostnader utifrån ett totalkostnadsperspektiv. I arbetet skapas en praktisk process utifrån de två redan befintliga litteraturområden, totalkostnad och artikeluppdelning. Därtill skapas bidrag till forskningen om möjligheten att kombinera dessa teoretiska områden. Avgränsningar: Studien är begränsad till ett företag via enfallstudie. Därtill sker utgångspunkt ifrån inköpsavdelningen och begränsas studien till att endast undersöka kvalitativa delar av en totalkostnadsanalysprocess, det vill säga inte genomförande av beräkningar.

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The number of new cases of lung and bronchus cancer was 55.8 per 100,000 men and women per year. The number of deaths was 44.7 per 100,000 men and women per year. These rates are age-adjusted and based on 2010-2014 cases and deaths. Each year, more people die of lung cancer than of colon, breast, and prostate cancers combined. The knowledge that lung cancer can be successfully treated if caught early has driven a decades-long search to find an accurate and reliable screening test. National Cancer Institute's National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) found that annual screening with Low-Dose CT (LDCT) for asymptomatic patients aged 55 to 74, with a smoking history of at least 30 pack-years, and smokers who quit less than 15 years ago, had a 20% reduction in risk of death from lung cancer. Findings of this trial resulted in that LDCT becoming the gold standard of screening for lung cancer. The SEED method is a community-engaged research approach to develop conceptual models and generate patient-centered research questions. This method has been used to engage community stakeholders of Martinsville, Virginia to develop conceptual models of the factors contributing to lung cancer outcomes. In the first manuscript of this dissertation, these models which were produced by 3 different groups of stakeholders have been examined closely to explore the complexity, similarities, and differences. The models were used to produce a research agenda on the topic of factors impacting lung cancer outcomes for future researchers. A literature review was conducted by the study team on the final research agenda. The goal of this literature review was to avoid duplication of research and to focus future research on the identified gaps. The knowledge and attitudes of the health care providers and patients about lung cancer screening and the barriers in the uptake of LDCT were identified as a research gap. The design of the Martinsville lung cancer study described in the second manuscript of this dissertation responds to this identified research gap. These studies and their results shed light on the factors that impact lung cancer outcomes using a community based participatory approach. / Ph. D. / Each year, more people die of lung cancer than of colon, breast, and prostate cancers combined. Many researchers are studying to find an accurate and reliable screening test for lung cancer by testing the knowledge that if lung cancer can be successfully treated if caught early. One study that was conducted by National Cancer Institute found that annual screening with Low-Dose CT (LDCT) for patients who are 55 to 74, without any symptoms, with a smoking history of at least 30 pack-years, and smokers who quit less than 15 years ago, lowered their risk of dying from lung cancer. Findings of this study resulted in that Low-Dose CT becoming the best screening test for lung cancer. The SEED method is a research method to create conceptual models and produce research questions based on the direct feedback from patients and other stakeholders. This method has been used to engage community stakeholders of Martinsville, Virginia to develop conceptual models of the factors that impact the lung cancer outcomes in this area. In the first manuscript of this dissertation, these models have been examined closely to find their similarities and differences and to find out how complex they are. After generating the research questions by using these models, related studies were reviewed by the study team to find the gap of information on this topic. This review revealed that there is a gap of information in the knowledge and attitudes of the health care providers and patients about lung cancer screening and the barriers in using the Low-Dose CT. The design of the Martinsville lung cancer study described in the second manuscript of this dissertation is an answer to this gap of information.