The left hemisphere (LH) is accepted as the dominant hemisphere for language processing. There is also evidence confirming the language processing abilities of the right hemisphere (RH), particularly its lexical-semantic processing potential (Chiarello, 1988; Joanette, Goulet, & Hannequin, 1990). The capacity of the RH for language processing is significant to the investigation of language processing following LH lesions. However, the precise neurocognitive mechanisms underlying language processing following lesion remain to be fully elucidated. Subsequently, the overall aim for this thesis is to investigate hemispheric contributions to semantic processing following unilateral lesions, and to explore the significance of the contribution made by the RH. In order to achieve this overall aim, the current thesis firstly explores the hemispheric contributions made to lexical-semantic processing for healthy adults, and then shifts focus to explore the changes in hemispheric processing for participants with unilateral lesions (LH and RH). Comparisons of hemispheric activation between these groups will clarify the underlying hemispheric mechanisms that facilitate language processing following unilateral lesion. This thesis includes four complementary investigations of hemispheric contributions to semantic processing. The first study combined divided visual field (DVF) priming with event-related potentials (ERPs), in order to investigate controlled hemispheric semantic priming for young healthy adults. Two experiments were employed for a between subjects comparison of time-course differences (stimulus onset asynchrony, or SOA, varied between experiments) in hemispheric activation of associated and nonassociated category members. Continuous electroencephalograms were recorded throughout the priming task for each participant, and later analysed with reference to relevant ERP components (N400 and Late Positive Complex). Bilateral N400 priming was revealed for associated category members at both the short and long SOA. There was no significant N400 priming for the nonassociated category member condition. The examination of hemispheric priming of associated and nonassociated category member stimuli over the same time-course was continued in the second study for participants with unilateral LH lesions and matched controls. The second investigation aimed to determine the impact of unilateral LH lesions on controlled hemispheric semantic priming, utilising the DVF priming paradigm with participants following unilateral lesions. This study also aimed to explore associations between hemispheric activation during the online priming task and offline comprehension abilities. Differences in priming were observed between the LH lesion group and the control group, with participants in the LH lesion group requiring the association relationship to elicit priming. Priming also varied for participants as a function of their offline comprehension abilities, with RH priming associated with higher offline scores. The third investigation continued the exploration of hemispheric semantic activation following LH lesion, examining the impact of a LH lesion on interhemispheric control mechanisms, and the modification of hemispheric processing capacities with and without dominant hemisphere control. This investigation again utilised DVF priming with associated and nonassociated category member stimuli, in conjunction with the dual task paradigm. The dual task paradigm is designed to overload one hemisphere’s processing resources in order to remove interhemispheric suppression. Findings indicate that following LH lesions, the RH’s contribution is enhanced under conditions that are designed to overload the LH. The final study shifts from the investigation of participants with LH lesions to the impact of a RH lesion. This exploration of controlled hemispheric semantic priming following RH lesion sought to increase our understanding of the underlying mechanisms for semantic processing following unilateral lesion. The RH’s role in lexical-semantic processing has been documented consistently over approximately the last twenty years, however, there remains limited direct investigation of a RH lesion’s impact on contributions to semantic processing. A single case investigation utilised the same experimental procedure as the second study described. Findings suggest a similar activation pattern between the individual with RH lesion and the control participants, with both exhibiting bilateral activation of the associated and nonassociated category member stimuli. However, a subtle difference was found between the activation of the individual with RH lesion and that of the control group, with the individual with a RH lesion showing increased strategic processing difficulties at the longer SOA. Overall, the current thesis demonstrates the importance of the RH for efficient strategic semantic processing for both healthy adults, and people with unilateral lesions. In addition, this thesis concludes that following a LH lesion, the RH contribution to controlled semantic processing may be associated with successful comprehension, and that RH contributions may be improved with the addition of a secondary task designed to overload LH processing. The present thesis provides evidence to support the use of the DVF priming paradigm in the investigation of hemispheric contributions to semantic processing following unilateral lesion. It is anticipated that these findings will improve the current understanding of the underlying hemispheric contributions to lexical-semantics following a unilateral lesion, and will encourage continuing investigation into the RH’s capacity to impact language recovery.

Représentation et raisonnement qualitatifs fonctionnent avec des relations non-numériques entre les objets d'un univers. Les formalismes généraux développés dans ce domaine sont basés sur différents types d'algèbres de relations, comme les algèbres de Tarski. Tous ces formalismes, qui sont appelés des calculs qualitatifs, partagent l'hypothèse implicite que l'univers est homogène, c'est-à-dire qu'il se compose d'objets de même nature. Toutefois, les objets de différents types peuvent aussi entretenir des relations. L'état de l'art du raisonnement qualitatif ne permet pas de combiner les calculs qualitatifs pour les différents types d'objets en un seul calcul.De nombreuses applications discriminent entre différents types d'objets. Par exemple, certains modèles spatiaux discriminent entre les régions, les lignes et les points, et différentes relations sont utilisées pour chaque type d'objets. Dans l'alignement d'ontologies, les calculs qualitatifs sont utiles pour exprimer des alignements entre un seul type d'entités, telles que des concepts ou des individus. Cependant, les relations entre les individus et les concepts, qui imposent des contraintes supplémentaires, ne sont pas exploitées.Cette thèse introduit la modularité dans les calculs qualitatifs et fournit une méthodologie pour la modélisation de calculs qualitatifs des univers hétérogènes. Notre contribution principale est un cadre basé sur une classe spéciale de schémas de partition que nous appelons modulaires. Pour un calcul qualitatif engendré par un schéma de partition modulaire, nous définissons une structure qui associe chaque symbole de relation avec un domaine et codomain abstrait à partir d'un treillis booléen de sortes. Un module d'un tel calcul qualitatif est un sous-calcul limité à une sorte donnée, qui est obtenu par une opération appelée relativisation à une sorte. D'un intérêt pratique plus grand est l'opération inverse, qui permet de combiner plusieurs calculs qualitatifs en un seul calcul. Nous définissons une opération appelée combinaison modulo liaison, qui combine deux ou plusieurs calculs qualitatifs sur différents univers, en fonction de quelques relations de liaison entre ces univers. Le cadre est suffisamment général pour soutenir la plupart des calculs spatio-temporels qualitatifs connus. / Qualitative representation and reasoning operate with non-numerical relations holding between objects of some universe. The general formalisms developed in this field are based on various kinds of algebras of relations, such as Tarskian relation algebras. All these formalisms, which are called qualitative calculi, share an implicit assumption that the universe is homogeneous, i.e., consists of objects of the same kind. However, objects of different kinds may also entertain relations. The state of the art of qualitative reasoning does not offer a combination operation of qualitative calculi for different kinds of objects into a single calculus.Many applications discriminate between different kinds of objects. For example, some spatial models discriminate between regions, lines and points, and different relations are used for each kind of objects. In ontology matching, qualitative calculi were shown useful for expressing alignments between only one kind of entities, such as concepts or individuals. However, relations between individuals and concepts, which impose additional constraints, are not exploited.This dissertation introduces modularity in qualitative calculi and provides a methodology for modeling qualitative calculi with heterogeneous universes. Our central contribution is a framework based on a special class of partition schemes which we call modular. For a qualitative calculus generated by a modular partition scheme, we define a structure that associates each relation symbol with an abstract domain and codomain from a Boolean lattice of sorts. A module of such a qualitative calculus is a sub-calculus restricted to a given sort, which is obtained through an operation called relativization to a sort. Of a greater practical interest is the opposite operation, which allows for combining several qualitative calculi into a single calculus. We define an operation called combination modulo glue, which combines two or more qualitative calculi over different universes, provided some glue relations between these universes. The framework is general enough to support most known qualitative spatio-temporal calculi.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-11T13:44:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ LUANDO DE BRITO SANTOS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2016..pdf: 1753037 bytes, checksum: 170adb7876570629bb31d8deea91ce71 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T13:44:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ LUANDO DE BRITO SANTOS - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2016..pdf: 1753037 bytes, checksum: 170adb7876570629bb31d8deea91ce71 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03 / CNPq / Neste trabalho, estudamos a existência e multiplicidade de soluções não triviais para uma classe de equações de Schrödinger envolvendo um campo magnético externo via categoria de Lusternik-Schnirelmann. / We study the existence and multiplicity of nontrivial solutions for a class of nonlinear Schr¨odinger equations involving a external magnetic field via the LusternikSchnirelmann category.

Autômatos não-seqüenciais constituem um domínio semântico categorial do tipo não-intercalação para sistemas reativos, comunicantes e concorrentes.É baseado em sistemas de transições etiquetados, inspirado em "Redes de Petri são Monóides" de Meseguer e Montanari, onde as operações de sincronização e encapsulação são funtoriais e as reificações constituem uma classe de morfismos especiais. Do que se tem conhecimento, é o primeiro modelo de concorrência a satisfazer a composicionalidade diagonal, ou seja, onde as reificações compõem (verticalmente) e distribuem-se sobre a composição paralela (verticalmente). Adjunções entre autômatos não-seqüenciais, redes de Petri e autômatos seqüenciais são introduzidas estendendo a abordagem de Winskel, Nielsen e Sassone onde é proposta uma classificação formal para modelos de concorrência. Dos passos que envolvem a passagem de um modelo para outro, pode-se inferir que os autômatos não-seqüenciais são mais concretos do que as redes de Petri e os autômatos seqüenciais. Para experimentar o domínio semântico proposto, é dada semântica a uma linguagem concorrente, baseada nos objetos, denominada Náutilus. Trata-se de uma versão simplificada e revisada da linguagem de especificação orientada aos objetos GNOME, onde são introduzidos algumas facilidades especiais, inspiradas no domínio semântico, como a reificação e a agregação. Neste contexto, a composicionalidade diagonal é uma propriedade essencial para dar a semântica. / Nonsequential automata constitute a non-interleaving categorial semantic domain for reactive, communicating and concurrent systems. It is based on labeled transition systems, inspired by Meseguer and Montanari's "Petri Nets are Monoids", where synchronization and encapsulation operations are functorial and a class of morphisms stands for reification. It is, for our knowledge, the first model for concurrency which satisfies the diagonal compositionality requirement, i. e., reifications compose (vertical) and distribute over the parallel composition (horizontal). Adjunctions between nonsequential automata, Petri nets and sequential automata are provided extending the approach of Winskel, Nielsen and Sassone where a scene for a formal classification of models for concurrency is set. The steps of abstraction involved in moving between models show that nonsequential automata are more concrete than Petri nets and sequential automata. To experiment with the proposed semantic domain, a semantics for a concurrent, object-based language named Nautilus is given. It is a simplified and revised version of the object-oriented specification language GNOME, introducing some special features inspired by the semantic domain such as reification and aggregation. The diagonal compositionality is an essential property to give semantics in this context.

Having functionalism as its theoretical support, especially Lambrecht‟s (1994) and Li and Thompson‟s (1976) proposals, this thesis presents a discussion into the rules for marked topic constructions in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). All analyzed data came from authors whose constructions are herein discussed or from informal conversations. Based on several studies (Tarallo et al. (2002a, 2002b), Callou et al. (2002), Pontes (1987), Berlink, Duarte and Oliveira (2009), Perini (1996, 2006, 2008 and 2010), Brito, Duarte and Matos (2003), Li and Thompson (1976), we firstly looked into how different authors conceive of topic and how much disagreement there is among them, most of which as a result of their theoretical affiliation. On the second chapter of the work we stress topic as a linguistic category and bring to light a description of the pragmatic, semantic, and syntactic aspects involved in the codification of topics. The third and last chapter contains our assessment of topics in BP, in which we found a variety of structures that reflects communicative purposes. Ultimately, we drew the following conclusions: a) there are different nomenclatures and perspectives when dealing with topic construction in BP. Thus, the topic may appear in linguistic systems in a variety of ways, and the pragmatic context determines how such structures are codified; b) linguistic studies on topics have scrapped the notion of these structures being stylistic, although some restrictions do remain, such as the one that renders the topic to be a solely pragmatic and not syntactic category, or the one that states that topic constructions are agrammatical; c) we deem the idea of IE (Information Structure), as advanced by Lambrecht (1994), to be one of the most thorough approaches to the description of constructions with marked topic, for pragmatics, semantics, and syntax are equally considered; d) we acknowledge the fact that the current BP does codify subject-predicate and topic-comment structures; and e) we can undoubtedly attest to the high frequency of marked topic constructions within BP, and that these constructions are somehow in accordance with the properties of topic-prominent languages proposed by Li and Thompson (1976), which allows one to assert that Tp and Sp structures are just as basic in BP. / O presente estudo discute o estatuto das construções de tópico marcado em português do Brasil tomando o funcionalismo como suporte teórico, em particular as propostas de Lambrecht (1994) e Li e Thompson (1976). Os dados analisados advieram dos autores de quem lançamos mão para discutir essas construções ou de coleta em conversas informais. Em primeiro lugar, com base em diversos estudos (Tarallo et al. (2002a, 2002b), Callou et al. (2002), Pontes (1987), Berlink, Duarte e Oliveira (2009), Perini (1996, 2006, 2008 e 2010), Brito, Duarte e Matos (2003), Li e Thompson (1976), observamos a diversidade de formas com que diferentes autores concebem as construções de tópico e as divergências entre eles, muitas das quais se dão em função da filiação teórica. Na segunda parte do trabalho, onde defendemos o tópico como categoria linguística, apresentamos uma descrição dos aspectos pragmáticos, semânticos e sintáticos envolvidos na codificação dos tópicos. No terceiro e último capítulo, analisamos as construções de tópico em PB, onde constatamos uma variedade estrutural diversificada, a qual reflete propósitos comunicativos. Por fim, chegamos às seguintes conclusões: a) há variedade de nomenclaturas e perspectivas na abordagem das construções de tópico em PB, Assim, o tópico se apresenta nos sistemas linguísticos de maneiras variadas, sendo o mecanismo de codificação dessas estruturas determinado pelo contexto pragmático; b) os estudos linguísticos acerca do tópico têm superado a concepção de que essas construções são do âmbito do estilismo, embora ainda haja determinadas restrições, como defender que o tópico é uma categoria apenas pragmática e não sintática, ou que construções de tópico são agramaticais; c) consideramos a noção de EI (Estrutura da Informação) proposta por Lambrecht (1994) uma das mais completas abordagens para a descrição das construções de tópico marcado, já que a tríade pragmática, semântica e sintaxe é igualmente contemplada; d) reconhecemos que o PB no estágio atual codifica estruturas do tipo sujeito-predicado e estruturas com tópico-comentário; e e) podemos verificar que o PB apresenta, sem dúvidas, enorme frequência de construções de tópico marcado e estas, de alguma forma, encaixam-se nas propriedades das línguas de tópico propostas por Li e Thompson (1976), o que nos permite afirmar que no PB as estruturas Tp são tão básicas quanto as Sp.

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as permanências e os afastamentos de alunos do Colégio de Aplicação da UFRGS, da turma Alfa - 1/2001, ao longo de sua trajetória escolar entre o Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio. Observou-se que um número significativo de alunos dessa turma se transferiu da escola sendo que os motivos que provocaram essas transferências foram reprovação, falta de adaptação à escola e os turnos dobrados. Em consonância com as teorizações dos Estudos Culturais, de inspiração pós-estruturalista, entendo que as permanências ou os afastamentos de alunos não se tratam apenas de um desenrolar natural das circunstâncias da vida de cada aluno, mas estão implicados em processos de in/exclusão que acabam produzindo as possibilidades de permanência de alguns e as transferências de outros alunos. Apoiei-me em conceitos como categoria social aluno e in/exclusão para compreender como se dá a inserção do aluno, ingressante por sorteio público na instituição, e os processos de diferenciação e normalização decorrentes do convívio com as práticas escolares do CAp/UFRGS. Como estratégias metodológicas foram utilizadas entrevistas e questionários com membros da equipe diretiva, professores e alunos da turma Alfa - 1/2001, e análise de documentos da instituição. No que se refere às unidades analíticas, estas se constituíram das problematizações entre os objetivos de formação dos alunos do CAp/UFRGS, constante em documentos e nas narrativas da equipe diretiva, professores e alunos e as novas populações de crianças e jovens que ingressam por sorteio público na instituição. Tendo como base as análises realizadas pode-se afirmar, mesmo que provisoriamente, que no CAp/UFRGS os alunos ingressantes por sorteio público vão, gradativamente, sendo selecionados por critérios relacionados ao desempenho escolar e adaptação às práticas pedagógicas da escola. Acredito que este estudo poderá, além de problematizar as práticas que desencadeiam uma seleção entre os alunos e produzem as possibilidades de permanência e de transferências, auxiliar em discussões para que esta escola, que tem como uma das suas finalidades pensar e criar novas práticas pedagógicas e metodológicas para auxiliar outras redes públicas de ensino, repensar o atendimento a ser prestado aos novos alunos que nesses novos tempos ingressam em suas salas de aula. / This thesis aims to analyze the permanence and clearances Application College students from UFRGS, Alpha I 2001 class along their trajectory between the Primary and Secondary Education. It was observed that a significant number of students in this class has moved the school and that the reasons that caused these transfers were failing, failure to adapt to school and double shifts. In line with the theories of cultural studies, post-structuralist inspiration, I understand that the stays or removals of students are not just a natural course of life circumstances of each student, but are involved in in / exclusion processes that end up producing the remaining opportunities for some and transfers of other students. I leaned on concepts such as social class and student in / exclusion to understand how is the introduction of students, undergraduate students by public lottery in the institution and the differentiation and standardization processes resulting from the interaction with school practices CAp / UFRGS. As methodological strategies were used interviews and questionnaires with members of the management team, teachers and students of the Alfa class I in 2001, and analysis of the institution's documents. With regard to analytical units in these consisted of problematizations between training objectives of the CAp / UFRGS students, constant in documents and narratives of the management team, teachers and students and new populations of children and young people entering by public lottery the institution. Based on the analyzes it can be stated, however temporary that in CAp / UFRGS commencing students by public lottery will gradually being selected by criteria related to school performance and adaptation to school pedagogical practices. I believe this study may, in addition to questioning the practices that trigger a selection among students and produce the possibility of staying permanently and transfers, assist in discussions to this school, which has as one of its purposes think and create new teaching practices and methodological to help other public schools, rethink the assistance to be provided to new students who enter these new times in their classrooms.

Title of the thesis: Pace of game in women's single tennis matches at Australian Open 2017 Aim of the thesis: The aim of the thesis is to find out pace of game in women's single tennis matches at Australian Open 2017. Other partial objectives are folowing: compare pace of game in the first, the second and the third round matches with pace of game in quarterfinal, semifinal and final matches, compare pace of game in individual sets and also compare pace of game after the first and the second serve. Methods used in the thesis: The main method was notational analysis based on indirect observation of video records of 23 matches at Australian Open 2017. Rally duration, number of shots in the rally and time between points were measured during the matches. Pace of game and work-rest ratio within the game were calculated. Achieved results: Mean pace of game was 1,21  0,21 s. Mean rally duration was 5,43  4,10 s. Mean number of shots in the rally was 4,47  3,00 shots. Mean time between points was 21,24  3,69 s. Mean work-rest ratio within the game was 1 : 4,03  5,41. The difference between final and initial round matches was 0,07 s, in favour of final round matches. No significant differences were found out in observed variables among individual sets. Pace of game did not change after the first and the...

Title: Influence of small side games and runs on sprint performance and agility in football players. Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to find out the influence of selected movement interventions (small side games versus runs) on sprint performance and agility in elite football players in U14 category during the preseason period. Methods: The 30-meter Sprint was used to rate speed-strength performance. Players have executed 2 sprints at 30m. Sprint time was measured at 5, 10 and 30m. Agility tests included: test 505 and three-step test. Players also have executed 2 tries (one of each leg). A set of photocells (Alge Timing GmbH, Lustenau, Austria) was used to measure the time of all tests. Results: Both groups significantly improved in the three-step test (p <0.05; r> 0.5). The SSG group, after a two-month intervention, significantly deteriorated in the sprint to 5, 10 and 30m (r = 0.38 - 0.69). The race group did not significantly improve in sprints at 5, 10 and 30m. In the agility test, we saw a significant improvement only in the Run groups and only on the left leg (r = 0.42). Based on the findings, we believe that the training units of the linear speed and speed with the change of direction maintain the level of player's speed during the season. Therefore, I recommend that they should appear in...

The present study investigated whether the teaching of L2 vocabulary with still cartoon pictures and animated cartoon pictures would result in a significant difference in second language learners' receptive and productive knowledge of the target words. Also, the effect of test type (receptive vs. productive) on participants' retention of the target words was examined. Finally, the study tried to find out whether the semantic category of vocabulary words influences the rate of successful vocabulary retention across picture types. For the purpose, a group of 17 ESL students from a Midwestern University participated in both treatments with still and animated pictures, followed by vocabulary tests. The results showed that over 80% of the target words were successfully retrieved on the receptive knowledge tests vs. only about 40% successful retrieval on the productive knowledge tests. Yet, the results did not reveal significant differences in vocabulary gain due to picture type as both treatments showed similar success rate of retention of the target words, especially in view of receptive knowledge. Also, neither of the two types of pictures was effective in facilitating productive knowledge of the target words. In addition, the study found that some semantic categories of vocabulary words may be easier to recall than others.

Esta tese tem como objeto o processo de redefinição da categoria diagnóstica infecção/doença Toxoplasmose. É um estudo qualitativo, inserido no campo science studies, de abordagem crítica reformista e de natureza empírico-analítica. Vincula-se à linha de pesquisa intitulada Instituições, saberes e práticas em saúde e ao projeto Os médicos e a ciência do Instituto de Medicina Social da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As unidades de análise foram: 1) Agentes envolvidos na produção do conhecimento científico em nível local; 2) Documentos normativos locais; 3) Documentos normativos nacionais e internacionais; 4) Instituição: Laboratório Reconhecer do Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), da Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF/Darcy Ribeiro). Como técnicas de pesquisa foram utilizadas a observação etnográfica, entrevistas e pesquisa documental da produção científica. Os pressupostos foram de que essa redefinição seja decorrente de uma construção (Hacking, 1999; Latour, 1997, 2000, 2001) e realizada em uma arena transepistêmica (Knor-Cetina, 1981). Foram acrescidos a esses conceitos, os de referência circulante (Latour, 2001) e os da taxonomia dos elementos dos objetos da ciência laboratorial, ou seja, os conceitos idéias, marcas e coisas (Hacking, 1992). Considerando essa dinâmica, as redefinições em relação a essa infecção/doença estariam em um período de pouca estabilização, embora elas não se definiriam completa e eternamente pela dependência que possuem do invólucro espaço-temporal (Latour, 2001) e da referência circulante. / This thesis has as object the process of redefinition of the disgnostic category infection/illness "Toxoplasmosis". It is a qualitative, inserted study in the field "science studies", of reformist critical boarding and empiricist-analytical nature. The line of intitled research is associated to it "Institutions, to know and practical in health" and to the project "the doctors and the science" of the Institute of Social Medicine of the University of the State of Rio De Janeiro. The units of analysis had been: 1) "involved Agents" in the production of the scientific knowledge in local level; 2) local normative Documents; 3) national and international normative Documents; 4) Institution: Laboratory To recognize of the Center of Biosciences and Biotechnology (CBB), of the State University of the Of the state of Rio de Janeiro North Darcy Ribeiro (UENF/Darcy Ribeiro). As research techniques had been used the etnografic observation, interviews and documentary research of scientific production. The estimated ones had been of that this redefinition is decurrent of a "construction" (Hacking, 1999; Latour, 1997, 2000, 2001) and carried through in a "transepistemic arenas" (Knor- Cetina, 1981). They had been increased to these concepts, of circulating reference (Latour, 2001) and of the taxonomy of the elements of objects of laboratorial science, that is, the concepts ideas, marks and things (Hacking, 1992). Considering this dynamics, the redefinitions in relation to this infection/illness would be in a period of little stabilization, even so they are not defined completely and perpetual for the dependence that possess of the "pack space-weather" (Latour, 2001) and of the "circulating reference".