Open Innovation bezeichnet Innovationsprozesse, die nicht an den Grenzen von Unternehmen oder deren Innovationsabteilungen enden, sondern Akteure unabhängig von deren institutioneller Zugehörigkeit als Ideengeber, Konzeptentwickler oder auch Innovationsumsetzer in die Gestaltung von Innovationen einbinden. Dieser Beitrag skizziert Grundlagen der Open Innovation, stellt die einzubindenden Akteure und ihre Rollen im Innovationsgeschehen vor und führt ein in die fünf zentralen Werkzeugklassen, auf die Unternehmen zur Implementierung von Open Innovation heute zurückgreifen können. Herausforderungen und Spannungsfelder, die sich bei der Nutzung von Open Innovation zeigen, werden abschließend aufgezeigt.

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In diesem Beitrag diskutieren wir die Idee, Konzepte aus den Bereichen der Community-Unterstützung und ubiquitären Benutzungsschnittstellen auf die Unterstützung von Innovation in Unternehmen anzuwenden. Unser Fokus liegt dabei auf der frühen Phase des Innovationsprozesses – der Ideengenerierung und des Vorschlagsmanagements. Kernidee unseres Ansatzes ist es dabei, Awareness über das kreative Potential des Unternehmens bereitzustellen und eingebrachte Ideen durch öffentliche Präsentation zu würdigen, indem sie auf großen Wandbildschirmen („Idea Mirrors“) im Bürobereich dargestellt werden.

This study looks at Open Innovation in Research and Development projects and explores the nature of collaboration and leadership characteristics. Thereby perspectives of both industrial and academic partners are considered, focusing primarily on the project level of the collaboration. It is based on the understanding that leadership plays a crucial role in bringing the partners successfully together, based on the prior understanding that academia and industry are potentially different in the nature, objectives and working dynamics of research and development.   This thesis begins with examining the existing literature on the concept of Open Innovation, including benefits and drawbacks of such projects. This leads to uncovering the managerial challenges that such projects encounter which can be mitigated by effective leadership. For this reason, relevant theories on leadership are explored, especially focusing on leadership in R&D contexts, as these kind of projects have special requirements from leaders that differ from traditional projects.  This research is qualitative in nature and takes an abductive approach to theory. 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted, consulting with heads of R&D departments from industrial companies, professors in charge of research labs at universities and representatives from intermediary organisations. The study is exploratory and cross-sectional in nature, as open innovation collaborations in Sweden, the UK and the Netherlands were in the centre of attention. The process of analysis implied the use of a template analysis, which provided the researchers with enough flexibility to code, categorize, and interpret necessary findings. The results show that the nature of Open Innovation collaborations differs from case to case, from mere contractual relationships to collaborative partnerships with a high level of interaction on a daily basis. The key motive for both partners is finance-based, as the universities gain access to funding and the company can save on research expenses. Additionally, companies benefit from access to academic expertise and from potential governmental funding.  Further, there is not a single leader in an industry-university collaboration, rather each entity has a leader of their own and collaborative working is fostered by them. It is deduced that no single leadership theory fits best in the operational level of R&D open innovation functioning, rather it is a mixture of a few popular theories which were predominant in collaborative relationships. The characteristics of leaders in open innovation were deduced and autonomy, communication and joint problem-solving have a prominent role in furthering the R&D collaborative relationship. As a result, a connection between leadership and Open Innovation collaborations was explored.

Basierend auf den Erfahrungen der Mitarbeiter der confuture Innovationssysteme GmbH auf den Gebieten der Entwicklung von internetbasierten Anwendungssystemen und Groupware-Anwendungen sowie den Mitarbeitern des Instituts für Wirtschaftsinformatik der Universität Leipzig (IWi) bei der Entwicklung, Einführung und Betrieb von e-Learning-Systemen im Projekt „Winfoline“ wurde im Jahre 2003 der Prototyp eines modularen, frei konfigurierbaren e-Learning Systems entwickelt.

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Companies are under constant pressure to stay competitive in order to survive in an ever changing market. It is important for companies to stay ahead of the market and to ensure that any window of opportunity is exploited with maximum benefit to the company. Innovation is regarded as a tool that provides companies with a competitive advantage and that ensures sustainability and success. Organisations need to enhance their innovative capabilities to ensure growth and sustainability. Knowledge can be seen as the building blocks of innovation. Innovation and knowledge management are, therefore, tightly linked. Knowledge generation can be very costly and is sometimes found to be limited in organisations. When internal knowledge is insufficient in an organisation, external knowledge can be utilized by means of innovation networks between different organisations which share common goals. By knowledge being shared between organisations, not only will each organisation benefit individually, but it will also help the partners and strategic alliances to evolve and grow in stature. Required knowledge can be generated internally and can also be extracted from different organisations by means of open innovation. Open innovation sets the scene for knowledge to flow across organisational boundaries and enlarges the creative knowledge capacity and knowledge pool. The flow of knowledge should be governed by knowledge management. The research in this study bridges the gap between the previous innovation models and the notion of an open approach to internal innovation, which improves the speed and effectiveness of the innovation process. The fundamentals of innovation had been investigated, where after the focus moved to understanding a specific and existing innovation process framework, named the FuGle Innovation Process Model. The tracking of knowledge in Open Innovation Models assigned to the FuGle Innovation Process Model, leads to the proposed change of converting Innovation role players to function in an Open Innovation paradigm. By understanding the responsibilities of the role players and the intricacies of controlling the flow of different types of knowledge between interlinked companies, will provide an organisation with the opportunity to deploy an Open Innovation approach at appropriate points within their different processes. This will assist the organisation to stay competitive in an ever fluctuating market. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Maatskappye is onder konstante druk om kompeterend te wees en om te verseker dat hulle in ‘n veranderende omgewing kan oorleef. Innovasie word beskou as ‘n hulpmiddel en instrument wat maatskappye kan voorsien van ‘n kompeterende voordeel wat volgehoue sukses kan verseker. Maatskappye behoort hulle innoverende vermoëns uit te bou om groei en volhoubaarheid te verseker. Kennis kan gesien word as die boustene van innovering. Innovasie en kennisbestuur is dus stewig met mekaar verbind. Die verkryging van kennis kan organisasies duur te staan kom en daarom is kennis binne organisasies somtyds beperk. Wanneer interne kennis in ‘n organisasie beperk is, kan van ‘n innoverende netwerk gebruik gemaak word om eksterne kennis tussen verskillende organisies wat na diesefde doel streef met mekaar te deel. Dit kan gesien word as innoverend om kennis tussen organiasies te deel. Wanneer kennis tussen organisasies gedeel word, sal nie alleenlik die enkele organisasie daarby baatvind nie, maar ook die ander organisasie en selfs vennote en alliansies van die organisasie sal ontwikkel en in statuur groei. Noodsaaklike kennis kan intern verkry word en kan ook deur middel van verskillende organisasies deur die proses van Oop Innovasie verkry word. Oop Innovasie dek die tafel vir die vloei van kennis oor organisatoriese grense heen wat die kreatiewe kenniskapasiteit en die kennispoel vergroot. Die navorsing in die studie oorbrug die gaping tussen die vorige innovasie modelle en die gedagte van ‘n oop benadering tot interne innovasie wat die spoed en effektiwiteit van die innovasieproses sal verbeter. Die grondslag van innovasie is eers ondersoek, waarna die fokus verskuif het na die begrip van ‘n spesifieke innovasie proses, naamlik die FuGle Innovasie Proses Model. Die navolging van die vloei van kennis in die Oop Innovasie Modelle wat toegedig is aan die FuGle Innovasie Proses Model, het gelei tot die voorgestelse verandering om die rolle van die innovasie rolspelers te verander sodat hulle beter kan funksioneer binne ‘n Oop Innovasie paradigma. n’ Begrip van die verantwoordelikhede van , rolspelers en die ingewikkelde kontrole oor die vloei van kennis tussen die organisasies, verskaf aan die organisasie die geleentheid om ‘n Oop Innovasie benadering op gepaste punte binne die onderskeie prosesse binne die organisasie te ontplooi. Hierdie stap sal die organisasie behulpsaam wees om kompeterend te bly binne ‘n veranderende mark.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Innovation is now recognized as an essential factor for the competitiveness of organizations, part of the strategy and linked directly to organizational performance. In this context, the study aims to identify aspects that contribute to the management of innovation, defining a scenario of retailer, outlining an overview of the current capacity of innovation, identifying the relevance of dimensions related to innovation, strategic actions, challenges and benefits achieved. As for the procedures, the research literature is characterized as descriptive and as to the nature, quality and quantity analyzed statistically, and a diagnosis that defines behaviors and trends in relation to the management of innovation in retail stores nationwide. The research will be conducted in one of the largest networks of Brazilian electronics, the sixteen States relating to the four regions of operation. The diagnosis was constructed from the diagnostic tool of the Center for Innovation and Competitiveness Program - Graduate in Production Engineering UFSM adapted for the retail industry based on national and international authors, in order to check the management of innovation in Brazilian retail. The diagnosis had adopted eight dimensions: Strategy, Culture, Relationships, Financial Structure, Process, People and Leadership. After application of the diagnosis can be verified innovation management and innovative potential of the retail network, to identify the main challenges and benefits contributing to perceptions of the factors that actually influence one in the management of innovation in retail stores nationwide. / A inovação passou a ser reconhecida como fator essencial para a competitividade das organizações, inserida na estratégia e ligada diretamente ao desempenho organizacional. Nesse contexto, o estudo objetiva identificar aspectos que contribuam para a gestão da inovação, definindo um cenário da rede varejista, esboçando um panorama atual da capacidade de inovação, identificando a relevância das dimensões relacionadas à inovação, ações estratégicas, desafios e benefícios conquistados. Quanto aos procedimentos, a pesquisa se caracteriza como bibliográfica-descritiva e, quanto à natureza, qualitativa e quantitativa analisada estatisticamente, sendo um diagnóstico que define comportamentos e tendências em relação à gestão da inovação no varejo nacional. A pesquisa será realizada em uma das maiores redes de eletroeletrônicos do Brasil, nos dezesseis estados referentes às quatro regiões de atuação. O diagnóstico foi construído a partir da ferramenta de diagnóstico do Núcleo de Inovação e Competitividade Programa de Pós-graduação em Engenharia da Produção da UFSM adaptada para o setor varejista com base em autores nacionais e internacionais, a fim de verificar a gestão da inovação no varejo brasileiro. O diagnóstico adotado apresentou oito dimensões: estratégia, cultura, relacionamento, financeiro, estrutura, processo, pessoa e liderança. Após a aplicação do diagnóstico, pode-se verificar a gestão da inovação e o potencial inovador da rede varejista; identificar os principais desafios e benefícios colaborando para a percepção dos fatores que realmente influenciam na gestão da inovação no varejo nacional.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T13:45:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 14.pdf: 2172969 bytes, checksum: 5870afdec610eecdb4638ac12252003e (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T22:38:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 14.pdf.txt: 158846 bytes, checksum: a09547088a1e8f43b3a1b15cdb523c55 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 14.pdf: 2172969 bytes, checksum: 5870afdec610eecdb4638ac12252003e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos/Farmanguinhos. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / A indústria farmacêutica apresenta-se, no contexto do cenário globalizado atual, relevantemente dinâmica e inovadora. Tal dinâmica está estritamente relacionada às mudanças de tecnologias empregadas pelas empresas que vem sendo, ao longo das últimas décadas, flexíveis o suficiente para se adaptarem à nova realidade das práticas empresariais, refletidas em ganhos financeiros maiores, em menores intervalos de tempo. Perante este panorama recente e promissor, o componente qualidade encontra-se intrínseco em todas as etapas produtivas, desde a Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D) de novos fármacos até a obtenção e disponibilização do medicamento propriamente dito. Este processo de monitoramento da qualidade é regido, quer seja por organismos internacionais, como Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), entre outros, bem como por nacionais, como a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), no caso do Brasil. As normas estabelecidas pela ANVISA para o mercado industrial farmacêutico nacional estão descritas, atualmente, através da Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) n° 17 de Abril de 2010. Dentre outras diretrizes, a melhoria contínua é um dos principais pilares abordados por esta legislação, na qual atividades relacionadas ao armazenamento, produção, distribuição, entre outras, ligadas direta ou indiretamente ao fluxo de manufatura de medicamentos, passam por constantes alterações, à medida que novos conhecimentos científicos e atributos regulatórios são contemplados. Muitas vezes, a busca por ações de melhorias contínuas podem culminar em resultados inesperados, em razão da falta de planejamento e análise robusta das possíveis conseqüências e impactos destas aos processos. Em geral, mudanças estão sempre ocorrendo dentro das organizações, também em razão de falhas de processo e desvios de qualidade. Neste sentido, a RDC 17 ratifica o conceito de controle de mudanças, ferramenta de qualidade que possui a finalidade de assegurar que um determinado produto ou processo não sofrerá mudanças capazes de afetar sua segurança, qualidade e eficácia. O controle de mudanças é um elemento-chave das Boas Práticas de Fabricação, sendo considerado um dos mais críticos na indústria farmacêutica, por sua complexidade e decorrência, uma vez que procedimentos de controle de mudanças inadequados podem trazer diversos prejuízos e inconvenientes. A sistemática de gerenciamento destas mudanças possuem natureza preventiva e visam atuar diretamente na manutenção dos parâmetros de qualidade, custos e exposição regulatória, correlacionados às indústrias farmacêuticas. Assim, essa dissertação objetiva avaliar e mensurar a importância da relação entre Gerenciamento do Controle de Mudanças e riscos associados à qualidade, exposição regulatória e custos da qualidade na indústria farmacêutica, bem como apresentar os resultados provenientes do estudo de caso. / The pharmaceutical industry presents itself, in the context of the current global scenario, relevantly dynamic and innovative. Such dynamic is strictly related to changes of technologies applied by companies, that have been, over the last decades, flexible enough to adapt to the new reality of business practices. Towards this recent and promising panorama, component "quality" is inherent in all production stages, from Research and Development (R&D) of new drugs to acquisition and availability of the drug itself. This process of quality monitoring is governed either by international organizations, such as Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicines Agency (EMA), among others, as well as the national entities, like Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), in the Brazil case. Standards established by ANVISA for the national pharmaceutical industrial market are described nowadays by the Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) number 17 of 2010. Among other guidelines, continuous improvement is one of the main pillars covered by this legislation, in which activities related to storage, production, distribution, among other things, directly or indirectly linked to the flow of manufacturing drugs, undergo constant change as new scientific knowledge and regulatory attributes are contemplated. Often, the quest for continuous improvement actions may culminate in unexpected results, due to the lack of planning and robust analysis of the possible consequences and impacts of these processes. In a way, changes are always occurring within organizations, also because of process deviations and quality failures. In this sense, the RDC 17 ratifies the concept of change control, quality tool that has the purpose of ensuring that a particular product or process does not suffer changes that could affect, negatively, safety, quality and efficacy. Change control is a key element of the Good Manufacturing Practices and is considered one of the most critical in the pharmaceutical industry, and due to its complexity, since inadequate control procedures change can bring many losses and inconveniences. The systematic management of these changes have a preventive nature, and are intended to act directly on maintenance of quality parameters, costs and regulatory exposure, correlated to pharmaceutical industries.

Dans les industries de hautes technologies, le rythme contemporain de l’innovation se caractérise aujourd’hui par un renouvellement accéléré des produits et par une déstabilisation des dominant designs. Dans ce contexte d’innovation intensive, les organisations industrielles se doivent de se doter de nouvelles capacités d’innovation de rupture pour organiser l’émergence de nouvelles expertises technologiques afin de permettre la conception innovante de nouveaux produits et technologies.Paradoxalement, les enjeux d’expertise et de conception innovante peuvent parfois sembler en opposition ou du moins en tension. L’expertise semble préserver les dominant designs, mais c’est aussi elle qui permet la génération d’expansion conceptuelle. Derrière cette aporie, se posent des questions cruciales sur le management contemporain de l’émergence de l’expertise dans les organisations industrielles en situation d’innovation intensive.A partir d’une démarche exploratoire basée sur une étude de cas longitudinale chez STMicroelectronics, cette thèse s’intéresse aux modèles de gouvernance de l’émergence de l’expertise dans les organisations industrielles. A partir d’une analyse empirique chez STMicroelectronics, ces travaux mettent en évidence que l’émergence de nouvelles expertises s’effectue par une réorganisation et une restructuration profonde des structures d’expertise. Autrement dit, les nouveaux domaines d’expertise émergent à partir de la recomposition des relations d’interdépendance entre les domaines d’expertises existants.Par ailleurs, ces travaux de recherche proposent un modèle formel de l’émergence de l’expertise dans les organisations industrielles. Ce modèle permet d’identifier de nouveaux enjeux managériaux et de mettre en évidence des modèles organisationnels permettant de supporter ces formes d’émergence d’expertise. De nouvelles solutions managériales sont ensuite expérimentées et analysées chez STMicroelectronics. Enfin, la thèse propose une analyse des rôles et missions des experts scientifiques dans les stratégies d’exploration et d’innovation au sein des organisations industrielles. / In science-based industries, the pace of innovation is characterized by accelerated renewal of products and the destabilization of dominant designs. In this context of intensive innovation, industrial organizations have to develop new breakthrough innovation capabilities to organize the emergence of new technological expertise allowing the innovative design of new products and technologies.Paradoxically, expertise and innovation issues can sometimes seem to be in opposition or at least in tension. Expertise seems to preserve the dominant designs, but it also allows the generation of conceptual expansion. Behind this aporia, there are crucial questions about the contemporary management of the emergence of expertise in science-based organizations in a situation of intensive innovation.From on an exploratory approach based on a longitudinal case study at STMicroelectronics, this thesis focuses on governance models for the emergence of expertise in science-based organizations. Based on an empirical analysis carried out by STMicroelectronics, this work shows that the emergence of new expertise is effected by a reorganization and a profound restructuring of the expertise structures. In other words, new areas of expertise emerge from the reconfiguration of interdependent relationships between existing areas of expertise.Moreover, this research suggests a formal model for the emergence of expertise in science-based organizations. This model allows to identify new managerial challenges and to highlight organizational models to support these expertise emergence forms. Then, new management solutions are tested and analyzed at STMicroelectronics. Finally, the thesis analyses scientific experts’ roles and missions in the innovation strategies within science- based organizations.

A produção de motion design ou arte para televisão é uma atividade desempenhada por profissionais da área do design gráfico, que envolve diretamente questões da tecnologia da computação gráfica, questões subjetivas acerca de arte e estética, e faz interface com uma série de setores com complexidades específicas, dentro da organização de uma televisão. Uma editoria de arte precisa se relacionar com jornalismo, divulgação, marketing, operação, engenharia e gestão estratégica para produzir projetos com portes, prazos e naturezas diversas. Este trabalho relata e analisa iniciativas para qualificar esta atividade. O primeiro artigo trata de cenografia virtual, relacionando e sistematizando conhecimentos para o desenvolvimento de ambientes virtuais digitais interativos, que complementam conhecimentos tradicionais de arquitetura e design. O segundo artigo estuda o caso da aplicação de práticas de gestão de projetos, gestão de processos, gestão da inovação e metodologias de design aplicadas em uma eitoria de arte de uma empresa de televisão do sul do Brasil. Os benefícios identificados, indicam principalmente evoluções no que diz respeito à integração da equipe de arte com outras áreas da empresa, à eficiência e qualidade em sua produção e a formação de um ambiente propício à inovação. / The production of motion design or art for television is an activity performed by graphic design professionals which involves computer graphics issues, subjective art and aesthetic issues. It has interfaces with different sectors with specific complexities, inside the organization of a television. An art editor needs to relate to journalism, marketing, communication, technical operations, engineering and strategic management to develop projects that have various sizes, deadlines and kinds. This work relates and analyzes initiatives to qualify this activity. The first article is about virtual scenography, it lists and systematizes knowledge involved in the development of virtual interactive digital environments which complement the traditional knowledge of architecture and design. The second article analyses the case of the application of practical project management, process management, innovation management and design methodologies applied in the art department of a television company of the south of Brasil. The benefits found indicate evolutions regarding the integration of the art team with other areas of the company, the efficiency and quality in its production and the formation of an environment conducive to innovation.