Den här uppsatsen studerar läroböcker anpassade för gymnasieskolans grundkurser i samhällskunskap för att undersöka läroböckernas beskrivning av politiskt deltagande. Syftet är att undersöka om läroböckerna uppmuntrar till politiskt deltagande. Ytterligare syften är att undersöka om läroböckerna fokuserar på någon form av det politiska deltagandet samt om det finns någon skillnad mellan läroböckerna för de praktiska- respektive de teoretiska programmen. Utifrån tidigare forskning och teori skapades ett analysschema. Analysschemat innehåller fyra fält: parlamentariskt kollektivt politiskt deltagande, parlamentariskt individuellt politiskt deltagande, utomparlamentariskt kollektivt politiskt deltagande samt individuellt utomparlamentariskt deltagande. Med hjälp av de fyra fälten har en kvalitativ innehållsanalys genomförts. Läroböckerna, två för det praktiska programmet och två för det teoretiska programmet, har därefter analyserats var för sig och slutligen jämförts. Resultatet visar att läroböckerna i stor utsträckning uppmuntrar till politiskt deltagande. Ytterligare resultat visar att läroböckerna har ett kollektivt och parlamentariskt fokus på politiskt deltagande. Dessutom visade analysen att läroböckerna för de praktiska programmen presenterade en mer nyanserad bild av politiskt deltagande än vad läroböckerna på de teoretiska programmen gjorde. Dock var resultatet att samtliga läroböckerna presenterade en relativt ensidig bild av politiskt deltagande. / This paper is examining the textbooks adapted for the basic courses in social studies in Swedish upper secondary school, in order to examine the descriptions of political participation. The aim is to investigate if the textbooks encourage political participation. Additional aims are to investigate whether the textbooks focus on some form of political participation, and if there is any difference between the textbooks for the practical and the theoretical programs. Previous research and theory generated in an analytical model. The analytical model contains four fields: parliamentary collective political participation, parliamentary individual political participation, non-parliamentary collective political participation and individual non-parliamentary participation. Based on the four fields, a qualitative content-analysis has been conducted. The textbooks, two for the practical program and two for the theoretical program, have subsequently been analyzed separately and finally compared. The result shows that the textbooks largely encourage political participation. Further results show that the textbooks have a collective and parliamentary focus on political participation. Additionally, the analysis showed that the textbooks for the practical programs presented a more nuanced view of political participation than the textbooks on the theoretical programs did. However, the result was that all the textbooks presented a relatively narrow view on political participation.

This study uses the concepts of everyday politics and cultural resistance to explore how young people are experimenting with ‘free spaces’ in which to develop alternative ideas and practices within the food justice movement. Through a case study of the Spring Ridge Commons – a youth-generated free space – this research describes how youth are redefining relationships to place and to people by practicing alternative foodways like urban foraging; creating decommodified food sources; sharing skills and knowledge through peer-to-peer networks; building community through relationships of mutual support; and experimenting with non-hierarchical governance. Such practices have potential implications for child and youth care such as: reconnecting youth and adults through shared practice and meaningful work in “real life” politics and community building, reconceptualizing 'youth' and 'adult' such that both have greater access to acts of cultural production, and creating experiences of democracy in everyday life. / Graduate

本研究以2012年總統大選為題材，針對大選期間以競選為主題的kuso文本，分析其好笑、搞怪的背後，創作者如何表達意見參與選舉。 作為網路新興的參與政治方式，本研究根據文獻發展13項指標，逐項分析文本。研究結果發現： Kuso常以擬仿方式增添新意批評原作，或加入各種元素拼湊呈現。競選類型kuso，以攻擊候選人內容最多，攻擊對象通常是競選連任候選人，其執政表現是常見的攻擊主題。其餘類型的排行為塑造候選人形象、反駁候選人與陳述選民需求等。當作品訴求「改變」，多為要求執政者下台，換人做做看。作品中顛覆權力的方式多變俗語言是常見的拆解權力方式，但並非固定作法。創作者的「發聲」以抱怨為主，抱怨但期待回應者較少。尤其，作者駁斥競選連任候選人時往往過於簡略與情緒，理由不充份或流於個人好惡，這些都削弱反對的力度，難以強而有力的反對權力。

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Texas, August, 2008. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Zugl.: Bern, University, Diss., 2004.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Mississippi State University. Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2008. / Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-170).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 170-190).

A Política Nacional de Juventude tem proposto a criação de políticas públicas calcadas nas concepções alternativas de democracia. Dessa forma, o problema posto para investigação é: as políticas públicas de juventude devem ser respostas eficientes para resolução ou amenização de demandas sócio-políticas determinadas que promovam governabilidade, ou devem contemplar uma visão mais ampla da política e promover o exercício cidadão intrínseco à própria políticademocrática? O objetivo da tese é analisar a participação política juvenil na construção da cultura política e sua percepção sobre a Política Nacional de Juventude no Brasil. Em uma perspectiva democrática, a pesquisa centra-se na juventude brasileira contemporânea e se caracteriza por um estudo de cultura política, que se alia aos estudos sobre política de juventude – instituições, ações, comportamentos e demandas da categoria em relação ao Estado e reciprocamente. A investigação pretende alcançar os seguintes objetivosespecíficos, 1) Perceber quais valores culturais e concepções da política têm se estimulado no Brasil; 2) Analisar os tipos e níveis de participação política dos/as jovens brasileiros/as; 3) Verificar a associação entre participação, cultura política e percepção de políticas públicas de Juventude no Brasil. Dessa maneira, através da metodologia quantitativa, foram analisados dados oriundos de surveys aplicados junto a jovens brasileiros/as de 18 a 29 anos, que compõe o banco de dados sobre juventude do IBASE-2008. Tais dados forma analisados através do cruzamento de variáveis, que foram submetidas ao teste qui-quadrado (ᵡ²), a analise de coeficiente de contingência e análisefatorial. As conclusões demonstram a tendência dos/as jovens a aprovarem a participação política não convencional. Os resultados obtidos apontam para associação entre participação e tolerância frente às diferenças em três casos de variáveis; nos outros casos testados os resultado obtidos apontam para inexistência de associação. Já os resultados obtidos nos cruzamentos sobre participação política dos/as jovens com a demonstração do conhecimento sobre a existência de projeto do governo direcionado para o/a jovem no país, exibem uma associação significativa entre essas variáveis. Os dados demonstraram, também, que a participação em qualquer instituição, não obrigatoriamente as de conotação política, proporciona maior conhecimento de projetos do governo. Os dados puderam ser separados em dois componentes de fatores, aqueles que se aproximam de uma participação mais institucional, ligada à noção de participação política, e uma participação mais cultural vinculada à noção de lazer e esporte. Entre esses dois componentes a percepção do/a jovem sobre o governo melhora dentre aqueles que participam em entidades ligadas a recreação e a religião, ou seja, a participação cultural. O somatório dos fatores observados aponta para confirmação da tese de que: a Política Nacional de Juventude não tem reforçado a ação da sociedade civil na construção de uma política com a juventude, mas sim aperfeiçoado mecanismos que permitem o Estado melhorar as repostas dadas aos/as jovens cidadãos/ãs para, assim, melhorar as condições de governabilidade no Brasil. / The National Youth Policy has been proposing the creation of public policies based on the alternative conceptions of democracy. That way, the research problem to the investigation is: the public policies for youth must be efficient responses to resolution or ease the appointed social-political demands that promote governability, or must contemplate a broader vision of politics and promote the citizen‘s exercise intrinsic to one‘s own democratic politics? The purpose of this thesis is to analyze youth political participation in the construction of political culture and its perception on the National Youth Policy in Brazil. Ina democratic perspective, the research focuses on contemporary Brazilian youth and is characterized by a study of political culture, which joins studies on youth policy- institutions, actions, behaviors and demands of the category in relation to the State and reciprocally. The research aims to achieve the following specific objectives: 1) To understand what cultural values and conceptions of politics have been stimulated in Brazil; 2) Analyze the types and levels of political participation of Brazilian youth; 3) to verify the association between participation, political culture and perception of public policies of Youth in Brazil. Thus, through the quantitative methodology, data from surveys applied to Brazilian youth from 18 to 29 years old, which compose the IBASE-2008 youth database, were analyzed. These data were analyzed through the crossing of variables, which were submitted to the chi-square test (ᵡ²), the contingency coefficient analysis and factoranalysis. The findings demonstrate the tendency of young people to approve unconventional political participation. The results obtained point to an association between participation and tolerance to differences in three cases of variables; in the other cases tested the results obtained point to no association. On the other hand, the results obtained in the crossings on the political participation of the young people with the demonstration of the knowledge about the political participation of the young people with the demonstration of the knowledge about the existence of a government project directed to the young person in the country, show a significant association between thesevariables. The data also showed that participation in any institution, not necessarily those of political connotation, provides greater knowledge of government projects. The data could be separated into two components of factors, those that approach a more institutional participation in any institution, not necessarily those of political connotation, provides greater knowledge of government projects. The data could be separated into two components of factor, those that approach more institutional participation, liked to the notion of political participation, and a more cultural participation linked to the notion of leisure and sport. Between these two components the youth‘s perception of the government improves among those who participate in entities liked to recreation and religion, that is, cultural participation. The sum of the observed factors points to confirmation of the thesis that: the National Youth Policy has not reinforced the action of civil society in the construction of a policy with youth, but rather improved mechanisms that allow the State to improve the responses given to the Young citizens to improve the conditions of governability in Brazil.

This article analyzes the rise of the Civil Party before the War with Chile. It studies the outstanding characteristics of the limanian bourgeoisie from which the party arose, as well as the role of the congress, elections and the presidency of Manuel Pardo. Thanks to unified voting patterns the party managed to outweigh the opposition in congress. Elections, which were held every two years, also required a common effort on the part of  the civilists. In spite of its efforts, the party did not carry out any important reform during Pardo’s presidency. Finally, the article explains the elitist social composition of the party and its eminently limanian characteristics. / El artículo analiza el surgimiento del Partido Civil antes de la Guerra con Chile. Señala primero las características sobresalientes de la burguesía limeña, clase social de la cual emergió dicho partido. Después analiza el rol del Congreso, de las elecciones y de la presidencia de Manuel Pardo. En el Congreso, el partido logró imponerse a sus opositores gracias al voto unificado de sus miembros. Las elecciones, a su vez, exigieron un esfuerzo común de los civilistas, que debido a la legislación electoral se repetía cada dos años. A pesar de su fuerza, el partido no implementó reformas de importancia durante la presidencia de Pardo. Al final, el artículo explica la conformación social elitista del partido y sus rasgos eminentemente limeños.