Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2018-09-20T00:46:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O FINAL ERIC.pdf: 2788345 bytes, checksum: 01d5e7c11ba1598a630e87ef0d88330b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-20T00:46:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O FINAL ERIC.pdf: 2788345 bytes, checksum: 01d5e7c11ba1598a630e87ef0d88330b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Lippia (Verbenaceae) is a plant genus distributed throughout all Southern and Central America, and Tropical Africa. Approximately 60 species are endemic in Brazil and 22 are endemic in the state of Bahia. Lippia has a long history of use in traditional medicine, the most common use being in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Despite Lippia?s extensive history in treating diseases, little is known about its anticancer properties against brain and central nervous system tumors. This paper explores the anticancer potential of 5 species of Lippia from the state of Bahia (Brazil),Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia origanoides and Lippia thymoides. To assess the cell viability of essential oils and methanol extracts derived from these species MTT assay was utilized. To assess the effects of the essential oils and methanol extracts on morphology of cancer cells a Nikon Ts-100 phase contrast microscope was used, and photos were taken with a Nikon E4300. All essential oils were evaluated at 0.1 mg.mL-1, 0.3 mg.mL-1, 0.5 mg.mL-1, and 1 mg.mL-1. All methanol extracts were evaluated at 1 ?g.mL-1, 10 ?g.mL-1, 100 ?g.mL-1, 500 ?g.mL-1, and 1000 ?g.mL-1. The ability to inhibit cell migration was assessed by wound heal assay. All methanol extracts were evaluated at 500 ?g.mL-1. All essential oils were evaluated at 0.1 mg.mL-1. To access the effects of essential oils and methanol extracts on the cell cycle flow cytometry was used. All methanol extracts were evaluated at 1000 ?g.mL-1. All essential oils were evaluated at 0.03 mg.mL-1. The essential oils derived from Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, and Lippia origanoides all drastically decreased the cell viability of the C6 cell line in a concentration dependent manner. The essential oil derived from Lippia thymoides increased cell viability in a concentration dependent manner. All of the methanol extracts appear to have the ability to abruptly decrease cell viability at either 500 ?g.mL-1 or 1000 ?g.mL-1 it. Lippia alnifolia and Lippia insignis both have the ability to significantly alter the morphology of the C6 cell line. Methanol extracts derived from Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia origanoides and Lippia thymoides all significantly inhibit the migration of C6 cells at a concentration of 500 ?g.mL-1. Essential oils obtained from Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia origanoides and Lippia thymoides significantly inhibited the migration of C6 cells at a concentration of 0.1 mg.mL-1. All methanol extracts and essential oils tested demonstrated the ability to induce some degree of nuclear fragmentation, vacuolization, and cytoplasmic swelling. These results indicate that the constituents of both the essential oils and methanol extracts should be isolated and their anticancer potential should be further explored. / Lippia (Verbenaceae) ? um g?nero de planta distribu?do pela Am?rica do Sul, Central e a ?frica Tropical. Aproximadamente 60 esp?cies s?o end?micas do Brasil e 22 s?o end?micas do estado da Bahia. Lippia tem uma longa hist?ria de uso na medicina tradicional, sendo o uso mais comum no tratamento de doen?as respirat?rias. Apesar da extensa hist?ria de Lippia no tratamento de doen?as, pouco se sabe sobre suas propriedades antitumorais contra tumores cerebrais. Este estudo buscou explorar o potencial antiglioma de ?leos essenciais e extratos metan?licos de Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia origanoides e Lippia thymoides em c?lulas de glioma da linhagem C6. Para avaliar a viabilidade celular foram utilizados o ensaio do MTT. Os efeitos das amostras na morfologia de c?lulas cancerosas foram avaliados utilizando-se um microsc?pio de contraste de fase Nikon Ts-100 e fotos com uma Nikon E4300. Os ?leos essenciais foram avaliados nas concentra??es de 0,1 mg.mL-1, 0,3 mg.mL-1, 0,5 mg.mL-1 e 1 mg.mL-1 e os extratos de metanol a 1 ?g.mL-1, 10 ?g.mL-1, 100 ?g.mL-1, 500 ?g.mL-1 e 1000 ?g.mL-1. A capacidade de inibir a migra??o celular foi avaliada pelo ensaio de cicatriza??o da ferida, na qual os extratos foram avaliados a 500 ?g.mL-1 e os ?leos essenciais a 0,1 mg.mL-1. O ciclo celular foi avaliado na citometria de fluxo nas concentra??es de 1000 ug.mL-1 para os extratos e 0,03 mg.mL-1 para os ?leos essenciais. Os ?leos essenciais obtidos de Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina e Lippia origanoides reduziram drasticamente a viabilidade celular C6 de uma maneira concentrac?o-dependente. J? o ?leo essencial de Lippia thymoides aumentou a viabilidade celular de uma maneira concentrac?o-dependente. Todos os extratos de metanol parecem ter a capacidade de diminuir abruptamente a viabilidade celular em 500 ?g.mL-1 ou 1000 ?g.mL-1. Lippia alnifolia e Lippia insignis parecem ter a capacidade de alterar significativamente a morfologia da linha celular C6. Os extratos metan?licos de Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia origanoides e Lippia thymoides inibem significativamente a migra??o de c?lulas C6 a uma concentra??o de 500 ?g.mL-1. Os ?leos essenciais de Lippia alnifolia, Lippia insignis, Lippia lasiocalycina, Lippia origanoidese Lippia thymoides inibem significativamente a migra??o de c?lulas C6 a uma concentra??o de 0,1 mg.mL-1. Todos os extratos metan?licos e ?leos essenciais testados demonstraram a capacidade de induzir algum grau de fragmenta??o nuclear, vacuoliza??o e incha?o citoplasm?tico.Estes resultados indicam que os constituintes dos ?leos essenciais e extratos metan?licos devem ser isolados e seu potencial anticancer?geno deve ser explorado.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-26T12:03:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 469157 Texto Completo.pdf: 5491426 bytes, checksum: 70928b8d7df098aeea8a33c69facb91e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-26T12:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 469157 Texto Completo.pdf: 5491426 bytes, checksum: 70928b8d7df098aeea8a33c69facb91e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The essential oil industry in Brazil is in full development, especially due to the researches conducted, thus expanding the knowledge of producers through relationships with universities. The extraction process by steam-dragging of essential oils is the most applied process in the industry of this segment, mainly because of its simplicity and low cost. Studies which involve this process have already gone beyond the knowledge of chemical composition, quality and applications. Currently, globalized world has the need for studies on the environmental variable for its survival, therefore this study aimed at analyzing the environmental impact caused by residues from the extraction process by steam-dragging of essential oils from aromatic plants, such as: Rosmarinus officinalis L., Piper hispidinervum C. CD., Pinus taeda L. e Pinus elliottii Engelm. The residues generated by the process are solid and effluent ones. Solid residues are only assessed as the mass generation; differently, the effluents were characterized by the analysis of environmental standards.Thus, it was possible to divide these analyzes by studying the following physicochemical parameters: pH, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon, color, turbidity, electrical conductivity, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate, nitrite, suspended solids, dissolved solids and total solids. The results indicate that the selected parameters of the analyzes of effluents generated in the extraction process by steam-dragging of essential oils of each one of the aromatic plants under study may be impactful for the environment in virtue of their values are not in accordance with those laid down in the environmental legislation in force. / A ind?stria de ?leos essenciais no Brasil est? em pleno desenvolvimento, principalmente em fun??o das pesquisas desenvolvidas, ampliando assim o conhecimento dos produtores atrav?s das rela??es com as universidades. A extra??o por arraste a vapor de ?leo essencial ? o processo mais aplicado na ind?stria deste segmento, principalmente em fun??o da simplicidade e baixo custo. Os estudos envolvendo este processo j? ultrapassam o conhecimento da composi??o qu?mica, qualidade e aplica??es. Atualmente, o mundo globalizado apresenta a necessidade de estudos a respeito da vari?vel ambiental para sua sobreviv?ncia, por isso o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o impacto ambiental gerado pelos res?duos do processo de extra??o por arraste a vapor de ?leo essencial de plantas arom?ticas, tais como: Rosmarinus officinalis L., Piper hispidinervum C. CD., Pinus taeda L. e Pinus elliottii Engelm. Os res?duos gerados no processo s?o s?lidos e efluentes. Os res?duos s?lidos s?o avaliados apenas quanto ? gera??o em massa, j? os efluentes foram caracterizados atrav?s de an?lises dos padr?es ambientais.Sendo assim, foi poss?vel dividir estas an?lises atrav?s do estudo dos seguintes par?metros f?sico-qu?micos: pH, oxig?nio dissolvido, demanda qu?mica de oxig?nio, demanda bioqu?mica de oxig?nio, carbono org?nico total, cor, turbidez, condutividade el?trica, nitrog?nio amoniacal, nitrato, nitrito, s?lidos suspensos, s?lidos dissolvidos e s?lidos totais. Os resultados mostram que os par?metros selecionados das an?lises dos efluentes gerados no processo de extra??o por arraste a vapor de ?leos essenciais de cada uma das plantas arom?ticas em estudo poder?o ser impactantes ao meio ambiente em virtude de seus valores estarem em desacordo com os estabelecidos na legisla??o ambiental vigente.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-06-09T11:33:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 470158 - Texto Completo.pdf: 900834 bytes, checksum: c9822e05947627069fb5b4fc9d1f6005 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-09T11:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 470158 - Texto Completo.pdf: 900834 bytes, checksum: c9822e05947627069fb5b4fc9d1f6005 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-17 / The international market for essential oils has an annual turnover of 1.8 billion dollars, yet the Brazilian participation in this market is only 0.1%. The vast biodiversity found in Brazil, although still little explored in relation to the chemical composition of its flora, places the country in a very promising position in terms of increasing its future participation in the essential oils market. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a widely cultivated aromatic plant due to its medicinal properties. The importance of this species lies in the plant architecture, coloration and morphology of its leaves and flowers, in addition to the chemical composition of its essentials oils, giving specific aromas and having various uses in the culinary, perfume and pharmaceuticals industries. In this study, two experiments were performed with the aim of studying germination in simulated hypergravity and open-air cultivation, to evaluate the growth of the basil, its yield and essential oil composition. The extraction of the essential oils was carried out by steam distillation in a Clevenger apparatus. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the compounds was performed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer detector (GC/MS). The mean values for germination under the effect of hypergravity simulation in protocols 1, 2 and 3 ranged from 81% to 87%. After this stage, the seeds exposed to simulated hypergravity were cultivated in the open-air and the fresh basil leaves were collected after 90 days to obtain the essential oils. The overall yield of oil was 0.2mL to 0.3mL and the essential oil was 0.3% to 0.4%. The largest and most predominant compound in this research was eugenol, ranging from 46% to 62%, with the second largest being linalool, which ranged from 22% to 28%. Further research in this area is essential to understand the real impact of simulated hypergravity on basil, and its effect on auxins and gene expression. / O mercado internacional de ?leos essenciais movimenta anualmente 1,8 bilh?es de d?lares e a participa??o brasileira nesse mercado ? de apenas 0,1%. A grande biodiversidade brasileira, ainda pouco explorada em rela??o ? composi??o qu?mica de sua flora, coloca o Brasil numa situa??o muito promissora para aumentar sua participa??o futura no mercado de ?leos essenciais. O manjeric?o (Ocimum basilicum L.) ? uma planta arom?tica largamente cultivada, devido ? suas propriedades medicinais. A import?ncia dessa esp?cie est? na arquitetura da planta, na colora??o e na morfologia das folhas e flores, al?m da composi??o qu?mica de seus ?leos essenciais, originando aromas espec?ficos e tendo utiliza??o variada na gastronomia, perfumaria e ind?stria farmac?utica. Nesse trabalho, foram realizados dois experimentos, com o objetivo de estudar a germina??o por hipergravidade simulada e o cultivo a c?u aberto para avaliar o crescimento do manjeric?o, rendimento e a composi??o do ?leo essencial. A extra??o do ?leo essencial foi feita por arraste a vapor em aparelho Clevenger. A avalia??o quantitativa e qualitativa dos compostos foi realizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a um detector de massas (CG/MS). As m?dias de germina??o deste trabalho foram de 81% a 87%. Ap?s essa etapa, as sementes sob efeito de hipergravidade simulada foram cultivadas a c?u aberto e, depois de 90 dias, foram coletadas folhas frescas de manjeric?o para obter ?leos essenciais. O rendimento total de ?leo foi de 0,2 mL a 0,3 mL e de ?leo essencial de 0,3%. a 0,4%. O composto majorit?rio e predominante em nossas pesquisas foi o eugenol, variando entre 46% a 62%, e o segundo maior composto foi o linalol, que ficou entre 22% a 28%. Pesquisas nessa ?rea s?o essenciais para entender o real impacto da hipergravidade simulada no manjeric?o, seu efeito na auxina e sua express?o g?nica.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-10-27T10:18:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 475905 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1401811 bytes, checksum: 19cd968fdd31375f38cfc99aff08663c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-27T10:18:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 475905 - Texto Completo.pdf: 1401811 bytes, checksum: 19cd968fdd31375f38cfc99aff08663c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-28 / In this study, we evaluated the antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects of lavender essential oil. The antioxidant activity was tested in vitro and used as screening for subsequent experiments. In animals, the effect of lavender essential oil was compared to those displayed by known antiinflammatory and analgesic drugs (dexamethasone, tramadol and indomethacine). Attempts have been made in order to suggest a probable mechanism of action. Considering the pharmacological potential of the lavender essential oil, we have also investigated its possible toxic effects. We demonstrated that the dose of 0,6 g/kg is well tolerated orally. This dose was considered safe and was used in subsequent experiments. The antiinflamatory activity was tested using two models of acute inflammation: the pleurisy induced by carrageenan and the ear edema induced by croton oil. The inflammatory response evoked by carrageenan and by croton oil were reduced by the pre-treatment of animals with lavender oil. On pleurisy, the drug used as positive control, dexamethasone, was more efficacious. However, in the ear swelling, the antiedematogenic effect of the oil was similar to the obtained for dexamethasone.The antinociceptive activity was tested using the model of pain induced by formalin injection into the hind paw of rats. In this model, lavender oil consistently inhibited nociception and presented a similar effect to tramadol. This finding suggests that the mechanism involved in the antiinflammatory effect of lavender may be related to interference in the system of intracellular second messenger phospholipase C/inositol phosphate. In conclusion, the results of this study reveal remarkable analgesic and antiinflammatory activities for the lavender essential oil. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the oil associated with the low toxicity support the interest for the application of lavender essential oil in aromatherapy, and demonstrated its important therapeutic potential. / Neste estudo, foram avaliadas as atividades antinociceptiva, antiiflamat?ria e antioxidante do ?leo essencial de lavanda. A atividade antioxidante foi testada in vitro e serviu como screening para os experimentos posteriores. Em animais, o efeito do ?leo essencial de lavanda foi comparado com drogas analg?sicas e anti-inflamat?rias conhecidas (dexametasona, tramadol e indometacina, respectivamente). Isto foi feito na tentativa de sugerir um prov?vel mecanismo de a??o. Considerando o potencial terap?utico do ?leo essencial de lavanda foi realizado tamb?m um estudo de toxicidade aguda, no qual foi demonstrado que o ?leo essencial de lavanda na dose de 600 mg/kg ? bem tolerado oralmente. Esta dose foi considerada segura e utilizada nos experimentos posteriores. A atividade anti-inflamat?ria foi testada atrav?s de dois modelos de inflama??o aguda: pleurisia induzida por carragenina e edema de orelha induzido pelo ?leo de cr?ton. As respostas inflamat?rias produzidas pela carragenina e pelo ?leo de cr?ton foram significativamente reduzidas ap?s o tratamento com ?leo de lavanda.Enquanto na pleurisia a droga usada como controle, dexametasona, foi mais eficaz, no edema de orelha o efeito antiedematog?nico do ?leo foi similar ao observado para a dexametasona. A atividade antinociceptiva foi testada utilizando o modelo de dor induzida por formalina injetada na pata de ratos. Neste modelo, o ?leo de lavanda inibiu a nocicep??o espont?nea provocada pela formalina e apresentou efeito similar ao tramadol. Esses resultados sugerem que o mecanismo envolvido no efeito anti-inflamat?rio da lavanda pode estar relacionado a um antagonismo de receptores acoplados a prote?na G ou interfer?ncia no sistema de segundo mensageiros intracelulares fosfolipase C/fosfato de inositol. Em conclus?o, os resultados deste estudo revelam atividades anti-inflamat?rias e antinociceptivas do ?leo essencial de lavanda. Al?m disso, essas atividades paralelas ? baixa toxicidade encontrada tamb?m suportam o interesse para aplica??o do ?leo de lavanda na aromaterapia e demostram seu importante potencial terap?utico.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-03-28T11:33:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_PATRICIA_CARVALHO_ALMEIDA_COMPLETO.pdf: 1695882 bytes, checksum: 485e636dfb13c1dacc99571a2309aa50 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-28T11:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_PATRICIA_CARVALHO_ALMEIDA_COMPLETO.pdf: 1695882 bytes, checksum: 485e636dfb13c1dacc99571a2309aa50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-30 / Extracts obtained from natural products have attracted the interest of pharmacological sector due to the chemical and biological properties. Therefore, in this work were studied the chromenes (precocene I and II) extraction processes, steam distillation and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), from Ageratum conyzoides L. Essential oil was extracted by saturated steam at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 bar and the supercritical fluid extractions were performed at 40?C and 90, 120, 150, and 200 bar to obtain non-volatile extracts. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy while the non-volatile extracts composition was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The essential oil presented two major compounds, precocene I (28.24 ? 2.64%) and precocene II (28.55 ? 2.08%). At 90 bar, the SFE resulted in higher yield and selectivity for precocene I and II, which represent 65.06% of extract. It was observed that the yield of chromenes varies according to pressure of SFE, however this behavior was not observed in the extracts obtained by steam distillation. A mathematical model was also used to simulate the processes and a good correlation was attained with the experimental data. / Extratos obtidos a partir de produtos naturais t?m atra?do o interesse do setor farmacol?gico devido ?s propriedades qu?micas e biol?gicas. Portanto, neste trabalho foram estudados os processos de extra??o de cromenos (precoceno I e II), destila??o a vapor e extra??o com fluido supercr?tico (SFE), a partir de Ageratum conyzoides L. O ?leo essencial foi extra?do por vapor saturado a 1,0, 1,5, e 2,0 bar e as extra??es com fluido supercr?tico foram realizadas a 40?C e 90, 120, 150, e 200 bar para obter extratos n?o vol?teis. Os ?leos essenciais foram analisados por cromatografia gasosa e espectroscopia de massa, enquanto que a composi??o dos n?o-vol?teis extratos foi determinada por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia. O ?leo essencial apresentou dois compostos principais, precoceno I (28,24 ? 2,64%) e precoceno II (28,55 ? 2,08%). A 90 bar, a SFE resultou em maior rendimento e seletividade para os precoceno I e II, que representaram 65,06% do extrato. Observou-se que o rendimento de cromenos varia de acordo com a press?o da SFE, no entanto, isto n?o foi observado nos extratos obtidos por meio de destila??o a vapor. Um modelo matem?tico tamb?m foi usado para simular os processos e uma boa correla??o foi obtida com os dados experimentais.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MagalyLM.pdf: 1867638 bytes, checksum: 80b497f52832062348a84e06f5fb5e32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Malaria, also popularly known as maleita , intermittent fever, paludism, impaludism, third fever or fourth fever, is an acute infectious febrile disease, which, in human beings, is caused by four species: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale. Malaria, one of the main infectious diseases in the world, is the most important parasitoses, with 250 million annual cases and more than 1 million deaths per year, mainly in children younger than live years of age. The prophylactic and therapeutic arsenal against malaria is quite restricted, since all the antimalarials currently in use have some limitation. Many plant species belonging to several families have been tested in vivo, using the murine experimental model Plasmodium berghei or in vitro against P. falciparum, and this search has been directed toward plants with antithermal, antimalarial or antiinflammatory properties used in popular Brazilian bolk medicine. Studies assessing the biological activity of medicinal plant essential oils have revealed activities of interest, such as insecticidal, spasmolytic and antiplasmodic action. It has also been scientifically established that around 60% of essential oils have antifungal properties and that 35% exhibit antibacterial properties. In our investigation, essential oils were obtained from the species Vanillosmopsis arborea, Lippia sidoides and Croton zethneri which are found in the bioregion of Araripe-Cear?. The chemical composition of these essential oils was partially characterized and the presence of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The acute toxicity of these oils was assessed in healthy mice at different doses applied on a single day and on four consecutive days, and in vitro cytotoxicity in HeLa and Raw cell lines was determined at different concentrations. The in vivo tests obtained lethal dose values of 7,1 mg/Kg (doses administered on a single day) and 1,8 mg/Kg (doses administered over four days) for 50% of the animals. In the in vitro tests, the inhibitory concentration for 50% of cell growth in Hela cell lines was 588 μg/mL (essential oil from C. zethneri after 48 h), from 340-555 μg/mL (essential oil from L. sidoides, after 24 and 48 h). The essential oil from V. arborea showed no cytotoxicity and none of the essential oils were cytotoxic in Raw cell lines. These data suggest a moderate toxicity in the essential XVIII oils under study, a finding that does not impede their testing in in vivo antimalarial assays. Was shown the antimalarial activity of the essential oils in mice infected with P. berghei was assessed. The three species showed antimalarial activity from 36%-57% for the essential oil from the stem of V. arborea; from 32%-82% for the essential oil from the leaves of L. sidoides and from 40%-70% of reduction for the essential oil from the leaves of C. zethneri. This is the first study showing evidence of antimalarial activity with these species from northeast Brazil. Further studies to isolate the active ingredients of these oils are needed to determine if a single active ingredient accounts for the antimalarial activity or if a complex integration of all the compounds present occurs, a situation reflected in their biological activity / A mal?ria, tamb?m conhecida popularmente como maleita, febre intermitente, paludismo, impaludismo, febre ter?? ou febre quart?, ? uma doen?a infecciosa febril aguda e, em seres humanos, ? causada por quatro esp?cies de plasm?dios: Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae e P. ovale. A mal?ria permanece como uma das principais doen?as infecciosas no mundo, sendo a mais importante parasitose, com 250 milh?es de casos anuais e mais de 1 milh?o de mortes por ano, principalmente em crian?as menores de cinco anos. O arsenal profil?tico e terap?utico contra a mal?ria est? bastante restrito, pois todos os antimal?ricos em uso atualmente apresentam alguma limita??o. Muitas esp?cies vegetais pertencentes a v?rias fam?lias foram testadas in vivo usando o modelo experimental murino Plasmodium berghei ou in vitro contra o P. falciparum, e essa busca tem sido orientada para plantas usadas no folclore popular brasileiro como antit?rmicas e/ou antimal?ricas ou com atividade antiinflamat?ria. Estudos sobre a avalia??o da atividade biol?gica dos ?leos essenciais de plantas medicinais t?m revelado atividades de interesse, como a??o inseticida, espasmol?tica e antiplasm?dica. Tem sido ainda, estabelecido cientificamente que cerca de 60% dos ?leos essenciais possuem propriedades antif?ngicas e 35% exibem propriedades antibacterianas. Na presente investiga??o, os ?leos essenciais foram obtidos de Vanillosmopsis arborea (Asteraceae), Lippia sidoides (Verbenaceae) e Croton zethneri (Euphorbiaceae), encontradas na biorregi?o do Araripe-Cear?. A composi??o qu?mica dos ?leos essenciais foi parcialmente caracterizada e revelou a presen?a de monoterpenos e sesquiterpenos. Avaliou-se a toxicidade aguda destes ?leos em camundongos sadios, em diferentes doses aplicadas em um ?nico dia e, em quatro dias consecutivos, como tamb?m, verificou-se a citotoxicidade in vitro em duas linhagens de c?lulas: HeLa e Raw, em diferentes concentra??es. Atrav?s dos ensaios in vivo foi poss?vel obter valores de dose letal de 7,1 mg/Kg (doses administradas em ?nico dia) e de 1,8 mg/Kg (doses administradas por quatro dias). Nos ensaios in vitro, a concentra??o inibit?ria para 50% do crescimento celular em linhagens de c?lulas HeLa foi de 588 μg/mL (?leo essencial de C. zethneri ap?s 48 h), de 340 555 μg/mL (?leo essencial de L. sidoides, ap?s 24 e 48 h). O ?leo essencial de V. XVI arborea n?o apresentou citotoxicidade. Todos os ?leos essenciais n?o foram citot?xicos em linhagens de c?lulas Raw. Estes dados obtidos sugerem uma moderada toxicidade dos ?leos essenciais em estudo, que n?o os impossibilitam a test?-los em ensaios antimal?ricos in vivo. Avaliou-se a atividade antimal?rica dos ?leos essenciais em camundongos infectados com P. berghei. Os ensaios foram realizados em diferentes experimentos. As tr?s esp?cies apresentaram atividade antimal?rica de 36 - 57% para o ?leo essencial do caule de V. arborea; de 32 - 82% para o ?leo essencial das folhas de L. sidoides e de 40 - 70% de redu??o para o ?leo essencial das folhas de C. zethneri. Este ? o primeiro estudo de evid?ncia de atividade antimal?rica com essas esp?cies no nordeste brasileiro. Estudos posteriores para isolamento dos princ?pios ativos destes ?leos s?o necess?rios para constatar se um ?nico princ?pio ativo ? o respons?vel pela atividade antimal?rica ou se ocorre intera??o complexa de todos os compostos presentes, refletindo em sua atividade biol?gica

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-04-24T14:07:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 467627 - Texto Completo.pdf: 2210744 bytes, checksum: aad8668a5522012bd1f3603c51df5d00 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-24T14:07:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 467627 - Texto Completo.pdf: 2210744 bytes, checksum: aad8668a5522012bd1f3603c51df5d00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The Baccharis genus has more than 500 species discribed and 90% occur in South America. It has highlighted important feature in the folk medicine being used for digestive problems. Studies report the presence of phenolic compounds and phenolic acids in its non-volatile extracts. Non-volatile extracts are obtained by infusion and/or maceration of parts of the plant in solvent. One way to obtain pure extracts without the need of evaporation of the solvent is the extraction by supercritical fluid. The aim of the present study was to obtain non-volatile compounds of seven Baccharis species: Baccharis microdonta, B. megapotamica, B. vulneraria, B. usteri, B. trimera, B. tridentata, B. uncinella by supercritical extraction in different conditions of operation, analyze them in different chromatographic methods and test its biological activities such as antioxidant and antimicrobial. As it shows high antioxidant potencial and high availability in the nature, the B. uncinella species were selected to continue our studies in order to perform the supercritical impregnation of the extract in sutures, one polymer matrix of PLGA. The antioxidant activity was the chosen characteristic to aggregate in the suture with the objective to enhance the healing were it is used. The results obtained shows that the impregnated material was not visualized through image analysis, but quantification and liberation tests as well as antioxidant activity shows that the impregnation has occurred. The impregnation condition at 150 bar showed superior results in relation to the impregnation at 200 bar, about 50% more mass impregnated and a 30% higher antioxidant activity. / O g?nero Baccharis possui mais de 500 esp?cies descritas sendo que 90% destas ocorrem na Am?rica do Sul. Possui importante destaque na medicina popular sendo utilizadas para problemas digestivos. Estudos reportam a presen?a de compostos fen?licos como flavonoides e ?cidos fen?licos em seus extratos n?o vol?teis. Extratos n?o vol?teis normalmente s?o obtidos por infus?o e/ou macera??o de partes de planta em solvente. Uma forma de obten??o de extratos puros sem necessidade de evapora??o do solvente ? a extra??o por fluido supercr?tico. O objetivo do presente estudo foi obter compostos n?o vol?teis de sete esp?cies de Baccharis: Baccharis microdonta, B. megapotamica, B. vulneraria, B. usteri, B. trimera, B. tridentata, B. uncinella por extra??o supercr?tica em diferentes condi??es de opera??o, analis?-los por diferentes m?todos cromatogr?ficos e testar suas atividades biol?gicas tais como atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana. Por apresentar um potencial antioxidante elevado e grande disponibilidade na natureza, a esp?cie B. uncinella foi selecionada para dar continuidade aos estudos e realizar a impregna??o supercr?tica do extrato selecionado em fios de sutura, uma matriz polim?rica de PLGA. A atividade antioxidante foi a caracter?stica escolhida para agregar ao fio de sutura com o objetivo de potencializar a cicatriza??o do local onde for aplicado. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o material impregnado n?o foi visualizado atrav?s da an?lise de imagens, mas testes de quantifica??o e libera??o, assim como de atividade antioxidante, comprovaram que ocorre a impregna??o do extrato. A condi??o de impregna??o a 150 bar apresentou resultados superiores em rela??o a impregna??o a 200 bar, aproximadamente 50% mais massa impregnada e e uma atividade antioxidante 30% maior.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-18T11:50:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Frances Regiane dos Santos.pdf: 3889746 bytes, checksum: 193cd2f941ca3560b1dd12601120624e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-18T11:50:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Frances Regiane dos Santos.pdf: 3889746 bytes, checksum: 193cd2f941ca3560b1dd12601120624e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-19 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The Myrtaceae family comprises more than 3,500 species, which are widely distributed on all continents (except Antarctica). The chemical diversity and the biological potential of essential oils extracted from fresh leaves of Myrtaceae species cultivated in the Botanical Garden of UFRRJ were described. Six different species were studied: Eugenia uniflora L. (?pitanga?), Eugenia brasiliensis L. (?grumixama?), Psidium cattleianum Sabine (?ara???), Psidium guajava L. (?goiaba?), Syzygium cumini (?jamel?o?) and Syzygium malaccense (L.) (?jambo?). Chemical, statistical and biological methods were used, with the aid of chromatographic analysis (GC-FID and GC-MS), chemometrics (PCA and HCA statistical analysis) and biological activities (larvicide, trypanocidal, fungicidal and antioxidant) to determine these essencial oils. The essential oil of species E. uniflora L, E. brasiliensis, P.cattleianum and P. guajava showed mainly sesquiterpenes in its compositions, while the oil from S. cumini was rich in monoterpenes and S. malaccense presented, mostly, chemical constituents not derived isoprene metabolites.. The chemometric analysis of GC-MS data of the oils extracted from leaves of six species, discriminated three groups of essential oils, according to the similarity of the composition of volatile components for each species. Specifically, for the P.cattleianum and P. guajava data, the ?-caryophyllene and ?-humuleno constituents could be considered markers of Psidium genus. The biological results suggested that the essential oils of the species studied were effective as they showed larvicide and fungicidal activity . The essential oil of E. uniflora and its isolated furanodiene showed antioxidant activity, with the TBARS method, and also showed potential anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity, which suggests that both are an interesting alternative to combat infectious diseases such as Chagas disease / A fam?lia Myrtaceae compreende mais de 3.500 esp?cies, que est?o amplamente distribu?das por todos os continentes (exceto Ant?rtida). Este trabalho descreve a diversidade qu?mica e o potencial biol?gico dos ?leos essenciais extra?dos de folhas frescas de esp?cies de Myrtaceae cultivadas no Jardim Bot?nico da UFRRJ. Seis esp?cies diferentes foram estudadas: Eugenia uniflora L.(pitangueira), Eugenia brasiliensis Lam (grumixameira), Psidium cattleianum Sabine (ara?azeiro), Psidium guajava L. (goiabeira), Syzygium cumini (jameleiro) e Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry (jambeiro vermelho). Os seus ?leos essenciais foram extra?dos por hidrodestila??o e avaliados com o aux?lio de an?lises cromatogr?ficas (CG-DIC e CG-EM), quimiometria (utilizando An?lise de Componentes Principais - ACP e An?lise de Agrupamentos Hier?rquicos ? AAH) e atrav?s de atividades biol?gicas (larvicida, tripanocida, fungicida e antioxidante). O ?leo essencial das esp?cies E. uniflora L, E. brasiliensis P.cattleianum e P. guajava apresentou, principalmente, sesquiterpenos em sua composi??o, enquanto o ?leo de S. cumini foi rico em monoterpenos e o de S. malaccense apresentou constituintes qu?micos n?o oriundos de metab?litos do isopreno. Os resultados obtidos atrav?s da quantifica??o e identifica??o qu?mica dos ?leos essenciais por Cromatografia em Fase Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM) aplicadas ?s an?lises quimiom?tricas permitiu discriminar tr?s agrupamentos de ?leos essenciais, de acordo com a similaridade na composi??o de constituintes vol?teis para cada esp?cie. Especificamente para P. cattleianum e P. guajava os constituintes ?-cariofileno e ?-humuleno foram considerados os marcadores do g?nero Psidium. Para os ensaios biol?gicos realizados, os resultados obtidos com os ?leos essenciais das esp?cies estudadas mostraram-se eficazes quanto ? atividade larvicida e fungicida. O ?leo essencial de E. uniflora e o furanodieno isolado apresentaram atividade antioxidante pelo m?todo TBARS, e tamb?m apresentaram potencial atividade tripanocida, sugerindo que ambos sejam uma alternativa interessante para combater doen?as parasit?rias como a doen?a de Chagas

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:58:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 435352.pdf: 1328330 bytes, checksum: 1ab78f3333dabdd8c83b32bc552e53f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-05 / Achyrocline satureioides, also known as Marcela is an aromatic herb widely used in Brazil and other South American countries, due to its medicinal properties. The marcela presents in its composition phenolic substances which are attributed antioxidant activity and volatile components. In this work we studied the processes of distillation by steam distillation and supercritical extraction, to evaluate the use of these techniques in obtaining the non-volatile and volatile extracts of marcela from its aerial parts, in order to obtain new products with aromatic notes. The extraction of essential oil of marcela was performed by employing the technique of steam distillation in five pressures (1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 bar), and is performed for each experimental condition the determination of the yield curve of essential oil versus time. For the extracts obtained by this technique, essential oils, the analysis was performed on the chemical composition of the extract through chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In relation to non-volatile extracts, they were obtained through the use of supercritical extraction process in four pressures (90, 100, 110 and 120 bar) at two temperatures (303.15 and 313.15 K) and each condition also yield curves were generated versus time. The extracts were assessed for their aromatic potential by assessing olfactometric. For both processes was carried out mathematical modeling of the curves, using models based on mass transfer consistent with the extraction technique that successfully represented the curves for both techniques. Regarding the assessment olfactometric both extracts volatile and non volatile aromatic potential presented, highlighting the sample extracted by steam distillation at 2.5 bar. / Achyrocline satureioides, tamb?m conhecida como marcela ? uma ervaarom?tica muito usada no Brasil e em outros pa?ses da Am?rica do Sul, devido as suas propriedades medicinais. A marcela apresenta em sua composi??osubst?ncias fen?licas as quais se atribuem atividade antioxidante e componentes vol?teis. Neste trabalho foram estudados os processos de destila??o por arraste a vapor e extra??o supercr?tica, visando avaliar o uso destas t?cnicas na obten??o dos extratos vol?teis e n?o vol?teis da marcela a partir de suas partes a?reas, a fim de se obter produtos com novas notas arom?ticas. A extra??o do ?leo essencial de marcela foi executada atrav?s do emprego da t?cnica de arraste a vapor em cinco press?es (1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5 e 3,0 bar), sendo realizada para cada condi??o experimental a determina??o da curva de rendimento de ?leo essencial versus tempo. Para os extratos obtidos por essa t?cnica, os ?leos essenciais, foi realizada a an?lise da composi??o qu?mica do extrato via cromatografia gasosa acoplada com o espectr?metro de massas (CG/EM). Em rela??o aos extratos n?o vol?teis, os mesmos foram obtidos atrav?s do uso do processo de extra??o supercr?tica em quatro press?es (90, 100, 110 e 120 bar) em duas temperaturas (303,15 e 313,15 K)e para cada condi??o tamb?m foram geradas curvas de rendimento versus tempo.Os extratos obtidos foram avaliados quanto ao seu potencial arom?tico atrav?s de uma avalia??o olfatom?trica. Para ambos os processos foi realizada a modelagem matem?tica das curvas, utilizando modelos baseados na transfer?ncia de massa condizente com a t?cnica de extra??o que representaram com ?xito as curvas para ambas as t?cnicas. Em rela??o ? avalia??o olfatom?trica, tanto os extratos vol?teis como os n?o vol?teis apresentaram potencial arom?tico, destacando a amostra extra?da por arraste a vapor a 2,5 bar.

Submitted by Carolina Neves (carolinapon@uefs.br) on 2016-08-10T00:55:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Diserta??o_Uiliane.pdf: 2196502 bytes, checksum: 19a832ffbbf5c04770799ccc45403039 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T00:55:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diserta??o_Uiliane.pdf: 2196502 bytes, checksum: 19a832ffbbf5c04770799ccc45403039 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The cultures of vine and tomato have an important economic role in Brazil. However phytosanitary issues can compromise the productivity of crops, one issue which stands out are diseases caused by fungi and bacteria that result in immeasurable harm to farmers. Considering the economic, environmental impact and health of the population resulting from the massive use of pesticides it is extremely important that there as studies done to find an alternative control of diseases, such as the use of natural products with antimicrobial activity. Plant extracts and essential oils appear as potential alternatives that can be incorporated into management of phytopathogens, since they can be highly volatile and low persistence, which results in less contamination of the environment. In this context, the Lamiaceae family species is notable for presenting important biological activities, among them high antimicrobial activity. Based on the above, the present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of methanol extract and essential oils of species of Eplingiella fruticosa (Salzm. Ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore, Gymneia platanifolia (Mart. ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore and Medusantha martiusii (Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore against bacteria as Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Naydu) Dye e Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith), causing bacterial canker of grapevine and tomato bacterial wilt, respectively, and fungi causing rots post-harvest vine Aspergilus niger Van Tieghem, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.:Fr.) Link, Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl e Rhizopus sp. The plant species were harvested at Feira de Santana, BA. The collected material (leaves) after drying at ambient temperature, were used for the preparation of the extracts (crude methanol), and the extraction of essential oils. The chemical constituents of essential oils were quantified and identified through the techniques of GC/FID and GC/MS. To check the antibacterial activity of extracts and essential oils the diffusion method in agar by the method of discs was used. These were impregnated with essential oils and extracts at different concentrations. The variable studied was the halo diameter of bacterial growth inhibition. For the verification of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts and oils microdilution broth method were used. For the evaluation of the antifungal activity diffusion on agar method was used. The methanol extracts and essential oils were incorporated into the PDA culture at different concentrations. The variable analyzed was the diameter of the mycelial growth. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and their means compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability of error and the analysis concentrations of regression. According to the obtained results can infer that the methanolic extracts and essential oils of Eplingiella fruticosa, Medusantha martiusii and Gymneia platanifolia species showed antibacterial activity against bacteria X. campestris pv. viticola and R. solanacearum, in two concentrations and MICs ranging from 125 ?L mL-1 to 1000 ?L mL-1, with a strong to moderate antibacterial activity. The methanol extracts and essential oils studied have antifungal activity against phytopathogens such as Aspergilus niger, Cladosporium herbarum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Rhizopus sp. / As culturas da videira e do tomateiro possuem importante papel econ?mico no Brasil. Por?m problemas fitossanit?rios podem comprometer a produtividade dessas culturas, entre os quais se destacam doen?as causadas por fungos e bact?rias que causam preju?zos imensur?veis para os agricultores. Considerando o impacto econ?mico, ambiental e ? sa?de da popula??o, decorrentes do uso massivo de defensivos agr?colas, ? de extrema import?ncia estudos visando o controle alternativo de doen?as, como o uso de produtos naturais com atividade antimicrobiana. Os extratos vegetais e os ?leos essenciais surgem como potenciais produtos alternativos que podem ser incorporados ao manejo de fitopat?genos, uma vez que podem ser altamente vol?teis e de baixa persist?ncia, o que resulta em menor contamina??o do ambiente. Neste contexto as esp?cies da fam?lia Lamiaceae destacam-se por apresentar atividades biol?gicas importantes, dentre elas elevada atividade antimicrobiana. Diante do exposto o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana do extrato metan?lico e dos ?leos essenciais das esp?cies Eplingiella fruticosa (Salzm. Ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore, Gymneia platanifolia (Mart. ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore e Medusantha martiusii (Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore contra as bact?rias Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Naydu) Dye e Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith), causadoras do cancro bacteriano da videira e da murcha bacteriana do tomateiro, respectivamente, e dos fungos causadores de podrid?es p?s-colheita da videira Aspergilus niger Van Tieghem, Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.:Fr.) Link, Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl e Rhizopus sp. A coleta das esp?cies vegetais foi realizada no munic?pio de Feira de Santana - BA. O material coletado (folhas), ap?s a secagem em temperatura ambiente, foi destinado ao preparo dos extratos (metan?lico bruto) e a extra??o de ?leos essenciais. Os constituintes qu?micos dos ?leos essenciais foram quantificados e identificados atrav?s das t?cnicas de CG/DIC e CG/EM. Para a verifica??o da atividade antibacteriana dos extratos e ?leos essenciais foi empregada a metodologia de difus?o em ?gar pelo m?todo de discos. Estes foram impregnados com os ?leos essenciais e extratos em diferentes concentra??es. A vari?vel analisada foi o di?metro do halo de inibi??o do crescimento bacteriano. Para a verifica??o da concentra??o inibit?ria m?nima (CIM) dos extratos e dos ?leos foi utilizado o m?todo de microdilui??o em caldo. Para a avalia??o da atividade antif?ngica foi empregada a metodologia de difus?o em ?gar. Os extratos metan?licos e ?leos essenciais foram incorporados ao meio de cultura BDA em diferentes concentra??es. A var?vel analisada foi o di?metro do crescimento micelial. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia e as suas m?dias comparadas pelo teste de scott-knott a 5% de probabilidade de erro e para as concentra??es an?lise de regress?o. De acordo com os resultados obtidos pode-se inferir que os ?leos essenciais de E. fruticosa, M. martiusii e G. platanifolia apresentam como compostos majorit?rios o ?xido de cariofileno, espatulenol e E-cariofileno; epi-longipinanol, ?-humuleno e E-cariofileno e espatulenol, ?xido de cariofileno e ?-muurolol, respectivamente. Os extratos metan?licos e ?leos essenciais das esp?cies Eplingiella fruticosa, Medusantha martiusii e Gymneia platanifolia apresentaram atividade antibacteriana contra as bact?rias X. campestris pv. viticola e R. solanacearum, nas diferentes concentra??es utilizadas e as CIMs variaram entre 125 ?L mL-1 a 1000 ?L mL-1. Os extratos metan?licos e ?leos essenciais estudados apresentaram atividade antif?ngica contra os fitopat?genos A. niger, C. herbarum, L. theobromae e Rhizopus sp.