Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-13T18:26:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodolfo Luiz Maderic Richardo.pdf: 766753 bytes, checksum: 8c41a2becba262b44ae715e50805a013 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-13T18:26:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodolfo Luiz Maderic Richardo.pdf: 766753 bytes, checksum: 8c41a2becba262b44ae715e50805a013 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-12 / The exemptions for Public Administration are enhanced by greater attendance trends aimed at the Principle of Efficiency , sure the Planning Management should rely on administrative acts digital and greatly enhance the state action . There is need , however, that such practices , not as a mark of excessive bureaucracy , are regulated under the terms and limits of the Principles of Legality and the Supremacy of the Public Interest . The activities of the state are expanded in essential services and interventions in Economics , and the municipalities , this approach symmetric and regional can and should emerge as federal units decentralized and efficient in Public Management . While the managerial and bureaucratic model is still unfeasible in dealing with the regulation of state affairs arises therefore the possibility of Planning seeking qualitative methods electronics. / As derrogações da Administração Pública são aprimoradas por tendências que visam maior atendimento ao Princípio da Eficiência, certo de que a Gestão do Planejamento deva contar com atos administrativos digitais e que sobremaneira intensificam a ação estatal. Há necessidade, contudo, que tais práticas, não como marco de burocracia desmedida, sejam reguladas nos termos e limites dos Princípios da Legalidade e da Supremacia do Interesse Público. As atividades do Estado ampliam-se em serviços essenciais e intervenções na Economia, e os Municípios, nessa aproximação simétrica e regional, podem e devem despontar como unidades federativas descentralizadas e eficientes na Gestão Pública. Ao passo que o modelo gerencial e burocrático ainda inviabiliza-se no trato da regulação dos assuntos do Estado, surge, portanto, a possibilidade do Planejamento em busca de métodos qualitativos eletrônicos.

General Measure Abstract This diploma thesis is focused on general measure as one of the activities of public administration in Czech Republic. The thesis is systematically divided into four consecutive parts. First part is devoted to theroetical treatsie on the various forms of admnistrative acts. This part emphasizes the distinction between abstract administrative acts, individual administrative acts and mixed administrative acts, which are divided into two groups - specifically abstract and abstractly specific. Second part is focused on generals measures in general and its enshrining in czech legal order. This part includes definiton of general measure, its regulation in foreign law, wich is one of the inspirations for czech regulation. Second part of the thesis also includes chapters devoted to materiál and formal aspects of general measures as well as chapter about some particular general measuers. Following part is about creation of a general measure. This is a procedure that is generally regulated by the sixth part of the Administrative procedure code and applies whenever a special law does not says otherwise. This section is divided into five chapters, where each of the last four chapters deals with a different phase of the process. Last part is devoted possibilities of reviewing general measures....

Expression la plus caractéristique du pouvoir de l’administration, la décision administrative est une notion familière. Pourtant, les données observables en droit positif s’avèrent hétérogènes et contingentes, compromettant la possibilité d’en circonscrire la teneur. Et derrière un consensus apparent, les présentations doctrinales de l’action adminis-trative unilatérale se caractérisent par un éclatement terminologique et conceptuel. Le choix a été fait de construire une définition, à partir d’une analyse critique du droit positif et du discours doctrinal, pour en éprouver les mérites en vue d’une meilleure compréhension de l’administration et de son droit. Signification impérative d’une manifestation de volonté uni-latérale et arrêtée d’une autorité administrative, la décision administrative constitue un utile outil d’analyse du pouvoir de l’administration, du contrôle du juge sur celui-ci et de la place à laquelle les citoyens peuvent prétendre dans son élaboration et sa mise en oeuvre. Distincte de l’incitation ou de la déclaration d’intention, la décision demeure le mode privilégié de direction de la conduite des citoyens et l’objet principal du contrôle du juge sur la légalité de l’action administrative. La portée explicative de cette définition est complétée par la compréhension qu’elle autorise des usages stratégiques que les acteurs du droit administratif peuvent en faire. En tant que signification, la décision révèle les luttes qu’ils mènent pour l’identification, au cas concret, de la portée des divers actes de l’administration ; enjeu de pouvoir, elle fait ressortir les stratégies de légitimation qui entourent son emploi par les autorités publiques. / One of the most characteristic expression of the administrative activities, the administrative decision is a familiar concept. Nevertheless, positive law on this subject turns out to be disparate and contingent. And behind a seeming consensus, the authors pre-sent the unilateral administrative actions with real terminological and conceptual disparities. The choice has been made to build a definition, from a critical analysis of positive law and doctrinal views, so as to test its merits with an eye to a better understanding of the Admin-istration and its law. Imperative meaning of a fixed and unilateral act of will of an adminis-trative body, the administrative decision is a useful tool to analyse the power of the Admin-istration, the judicial review of it and the place that citizens can aspire to in the process of its making and its implementation. Distinct from incitation or mere declaration of intent, deci-sion remains the preferred way of directing citizens behaviour and the main object of the judicial review of administrative acts. The explanatory impact of this definition is supple-mented by the understanding it enables of the strategical uses that actors of administrative law make of it. As a meaning, decision reveals the struggles they wage to identify, in a specif-ic case, the impact of the various acts of administrative bodies ; as a power issue, it brings out the strategies of legitimization that surround its use par public authorities.

S'inspirant du modèle français, le législateur iranien a créé en 1960 une nouvelle institution : le Conseil d'État iranien. Mais la loi n'a jamais été appliquée. La Cour de Justice Administrative (CJA) actuelle a été créé par l'article 173 de la Constitution de 1979, pour exercer le contrôle judiciaire sur les organismes et les agents de l'autorité publique, sous l'autorité du pouvoir judiciaire. La CJA est compétente pour les recours en excès de pouvoir contre les actes administratifs et contre les fonctionnaires publics. Le contentieux de la légalité des actes administratifs en droit iranien distingue les recours objectifs envisagés à l'article 19 de la loi de 2006 relative à la CJA et les recours subjectifs prévus à l'article 13 de cette loi. L'Assemblée générale de la CJA est compétente pour les recours objectifs et les Chambre de cette Cour pour les recours subjectifs. Ce qui caractérise la CJA, c'est qu'elle soit principalement le juge de première et de dernière instance. En matière de décisions définitives des juridictions spécialisées, elle agit en tant que juge de cassation. Elle est le juge du droit commun des litiges administratifs car dans le système iranien, il n'existe ni des tribunaux administratifs ni des cours administratives d'appel. / Inspired by the French model, the Iranian legislator created in 1960 a new institution: The Council of State of Iran. But the law has never been implemented. The Court of Administrative Justice (CAJ) of that time was created by the section 173 of the 1979 Constitution to exercise judicial control over agencies and the agents of public authority under the authority of the judiciary. The CAJ is responsible for the excessive use of power against administrative acts and against agents' administration. The dispute on the legality of administrative acts in Iranian law distinguishes between the objective appeals envisaged in article 19 of the 2006 Act on the CAJ and the subjective appeals provided in article 13 of this law. The General Assembly of the CAJ is responsible for the objective appeals and The Chamber of this Court is responsible for the subjective appeals. What characterizes the CAJ is that it is primarily the judge of the first and the last instance. In terms of final decisions of the specialized courts, it acts as a court of cassation. It is the judge of the common administrative law cases as in the Iranian system; then there are no administrative courts or administrative courts of appeal.

O objetivo da presente dissertação é demonstrar quais são as formas em que a legalidade pode ser restaurada, diante de um ato administrativo inválido, bem como quais os critérios e interesses a serem considerados na opção por uma destas formas. Para tanto, iniciamos pelo estudo do ato administrativo, seus elementos e requisitos de validade. Em seguida, passamos ao estudo do ato administrativo inválido e os diferentes graus de invalidade dependendo do elemento do ato atingido pelo vício. Na sequencia, analisamos os dois princípios que são fundamentais para nortear o administrador na escolha do melhor meio de restaurar a legalidade: o princípio da legalidade e o da segurança jurídica. A partir daí, elencamos as formas de restauração da legalidade por meio da manutenção dos efeitos do ato administrativo inválido (convalidação e suas espécies) e da retirada do ato e extinção dos seus efeitos (revogação e anulação). Ainda sob a ótica da restauração de legalidade, analisamos os institutos da prescrição e decadência, uma vez que estes constituem limites à invalidação. Por fim, demonstramos a imprescindibilidade da instauração do processo administrativo para restauração da legalidade, que em tese pode lesar direitos e interesses de terceiros. / The objective of this dissertation is to demonstrate what are the ways in which legality can be restored before an invalid administrative act, as well as the criteria and interests to be considered in the choice of one of these forms. To this end, we initiated the study of the administrative act, its elements and requirements of validity . Then we move to the study of invalid administrative act and the different degrees depending on the element of invalidity of the act reached by addiction. In the sequel, we analyze the two fundamental principles that are to guide the administrator to choose the best way to restore legality: the principle of legality and legal certainty. From there, we list the forms of restoration of legality by the maintenance of the effects of invalid administrative act (convalidation and its species) and the withdrawal of the act and termination of its effects (revocation and annulment). Yet from the perspective of restoring legality, we analyze the institutes of prescription and decadence, since these are limits to invalidation. Finally, we demonstrate the indispensability of initiation of the administrative procedure for restoration of legality, which in theory would harm the rights and interests of third parties.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Tadeu Pontes Birello.pdf: 675120 bytes, checksum: b484a013694adb12dc781cd4a15202b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-23 / The present study had as its scope, the delimitation of the legal concept of the Due Process of Law clause, in its substantial sense and its implication in the exercise of the administrative function. The mentioned clause is one of the oldest and intrinsic institutes of the Rule of Law. In its incipient form, the Due Process of Law clause represented one of the first methods to control the despotic power. Thenceforth, it was the skeleton for the rise of many others institutes that limits the State Power. From the formal procedural aspect procedural instruments (full defense and the right to appeal, motivation of the State decisions duty, among others), up to reaching the merits of the decision control (originally accepted as reasonableness judgment), this last one known as Substantial Due Process of Law. Occurs that this range of principles typically assigned to the Substantial Due Process of Law clause (reasonableness, proportionality, motivation) has express and specific legal provision in the normative text, demonstrating an emptying of its content in the Brazilian legal order. Nevertheless, it‟s a duty for the legal scholar to apply sense and unity to the judicial system. Within the national legal system, the mentioned principle reveals itself as a command to the law enforcer to seek the best ruling. The best ruling is the one, firstly, that promotes the public interest duty (therefore, preceded by a direct judgment of the will of the normative command and not by an arbitrary subjective judgment) and, in front of the actual reality, has been shown as the most effective. As issued by a competent authority, the decision will be considered, a priori, as the best decision, except if proved that other decision is sufficiently more favorable. It was noted that this assertion has harmony with the administrative role and the legal administrative regime. The exercise of the administrative role is, before anything, the common good promotion, the public interest. This implies in the assertion that the exercise of the prerogatives (Power) given to the administration are instrumentals and, therefore, may only be exercised for the achievement of the public interest set forth in its own judicial order (full submission to the principle of legality). Thereby, it is not granted to the legal scholar any freedom of action, as a public agent, in seek for another purpose but the public interest. Thus, the administration role is to always seek for the best solution for the concrete cases that are presented. Throughout the General Theory of Law elements description, it was sought to present means and procedures in order to seek the best decision (worth mentioning, hermeneutical notions of principles that provide an unitary and systemic comprehension of the judicial order, ratio of principles and rules, weighing judgment and enforcement of the proportionality and reasonableness principles / O presente trabalho teve como escopo a delimitação do conceito jurídico da cláusula do Devido Processo Legal em seu sentido substancial e sua implicação no âmbito do exercício da função administrativa. Referida cláusula é um dos institutos mais antigos e afetos ao Estado de Direito. Em sua forma embrionária, a cláusula do Devido Processo Legal representou uma das primeiras maneiras de controle do poder despótico. A partir daí, foi o arcabouço para o surgimento de tantos outros institutos limitadores do Poder Estatal. Seja pelo aspecto processual formal - ferramentas procedimentais (ampla defesa e contraditório, dever de motivação das decisões estatais, entre outros), até chegar ao controle de mérito da decisão (embrionariamente tido como juízo de razoabilidade), este ultimo, conhecido como Devido Processo Legal Substancial. Ocorre que, esta gama de princípios e postulados tipicamente atribuídos à cláusula do Devido Processo Legal substancial (razoabilidade, proporcionalidade, motivação) possui previsão legal expressa e específica no texto normativo, relevando um esvaziamento de seu conteúdo no âmbito do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Ainda assim, é obrigação do cientista do direito atribuir sentido e unicidade ao sistema jurídico. A cláusula do Devido Processo Legal é axiologicamente ligada ao controle do mérito das decisões estatais. No âmbito do ordenamento jurídico pátrio, tal princípio revela-se como um comando ao aplicador da norma para que este busque a prolação da melhor decisão. Melhor decisão é aquela que, em primeiro lugar, observa o dever de promoção do interesse público (portanto, precedida de um juízo objetivo da vontade do comando normativo, e não um juízo arbitrário subjetivo) e, diante da realidade fática, tenha se mostrado como a mais eficaz. Enquanto proferida por uma autoridade competente, a decisão será considerada, aprioristicamente, como a melhor decisão, salvo comprovado que outra solução seja suficientemente mais vantajosa. Constatou-se que esta afirmação tem plena harmonia com a função administrativa e regime jurídico-administrativo. O exercício da função administrativa é, antes de mais nada, a promoção do bem comum, do interesse público. Isto implica em afirmar que o exercício das prerrogativas (Poder) conferidas à administração são instrumentais e, portanto, só podem ser exercidos para prossecução do interesse público estabelecido no próprio ordenamento jurídico (submissão plena ao princípio da legalidade). Neste sentido, não é conferido ao operador do direito qualquer margem de ação, na qualidade de agente público, em busca de outra finalidade que não o interesse público. Sendo assim, é função da administração a busca plena sempre da melhor solução para os casos concretos que lhe são apresentadas. Por meio de descrição de elementos de Teoria Geral do Direito, buscou-se apresentar formas e procedimentos capa de que se busque a melhor decisão (vale destacar, noções hermenêuticas de postulados que conferem uma compreensão unitária e sistêmica do ordenamento jurídico, relação de princípios e regras, juízo de ponderação e aplicação dos postulados da proporcionalidade e razoabilidade)

En matière économique, l'autorisation administrative est un instrument de contrôle du marché dont l'instauration et souvent l'allocation sont théoriquement décidées par l'État. Le recours au marché pour distribuer certaines autorisations administratives bouscule cette présentation. L'autorisation administrative devient l'objet même d'un marché tout en étant un outil censé le réguler. Une fois admise cette ambivalence, se pose la question de la pérennité du contrôle de l'État lorsque l'octroi des autorisations administratives qu'il prévoit repose sur le marché. Susceptible de mettre les bienfaits de ce mode d'allocation des ressources au service de la régulation de l'économie, cette évolution du régime de l'autorisation administrative peut en même temps exprimer la soumission à la loi du marché de la régulation étatique au moyen de l'autorisation administrative.L'objet de cette thèse est de démontrer que l'État n'a qu'une influence limitée sur l'allocation marchande des autorisations administratives à objet économique. Impuissant à empêcher la formation du marché en raison des considérations économiques et psychologiques qui président à sa construction, il l'encourage généralement de façon involontaire ou sous la contrainte. Avec l'Union européenne, les opérateurs économiques soumis à autorisation préalable sont les premiers artisans du marché. Une fois le marché construit, des leviers d'intervention permettent à l'État d'influencer les échanges d'autorisations administratives. En adoptant tour à tour les rôles d'offreur d'autorisations administratives, de demandeur et d'autorité régulatrice, il cumule les facultés de contrôle respectivement attachées à ces fonctions. La circonstance que ces compétences soient toutes partagées et pas nécessairement mises en œuvre atténue notablement ce constat. / In the economic sphere, administrative authorization is traditionally considered a tool used to control the market, with its creation and oftentimes, allocation being, in theory, the result of the State’s decision. Appealing to the market itself for the distribution some administrative authorizations shifts this paradigm. The administrative authorization becomes itself the subject of the market that it supposedly regulates. With this ambivalence having been underlined, the durability of the State’s control over administrative authorizations can be questioned when the market itself determines the authorizations’ distribution. While this evolution could benefit the process of economic regulation with the introduction of its resource distribution model, it could simultaneously reflect the submission of State regulation to the law of the market, through the use of the administrative authorization.

O objetivo da presente dissertação é demonstrar quais são as formas em que a legalidade pode ser restaurada, diante de um ato administrativo inválido, bem como quais os critérios e interesses a serem considerados na opção por uma destas formas. Para tanto, iniciamos pelo estudo do ato administrativo, seus elementos e requisitos de validade. Em seguida, passamos ao estudo do ato administrativo inválido e os diferentes graus de invalidade dependendo do elemento do ato atingido pelo vício. Na sequencia, analisamos os dois princípios que são fundamentais para nortear o administrador na escolha do melhor meio de restaurar a legalidade: o princípio da legalidade e o da segurança jurídica. A partir daí, elencamos as formas de restauração da legalidade por meio da manutenção dos efeitos do ato administrativo inválido (convalidação e suas espécies) e da retirada do ato e extinção dos seus efeitos (revogação e anulação). Ainda sob a ótica da restauração de legalidade, analisamos os institutos da prescrição e decadência, uma vez que estes constituem limites à invalidação. Por fim, demonstramos a imprescindibilidade da instauração do processo administrativo para restauração da legalidade, que em tese pode lesar direitos e interesses de terceiros. / The objective of this dissertation is to demonstrate what are the ways in which legality can be restored before an invalid administrative act, as well as the criteria and interests to be considered in the choice of one of these forms. To this end, we initiated the study of the administrative act, its elements and requirements of validity . Then we move to the study of invalid administrative act and the different degrees depending on the element of invalidity of the act reached by addiction. In the sequel, we analyze the two fundamental principles that are to guide the administrator to choose the best way to restore legality: the principle of legality and legal certainty. From there, we list the forms of restoration of legality by the maintenance of the effects of invalid administrative act (convalidation and its species) and the withdrawal of the act and termination of its effects (revocation and annulment). Yet from the perspective of restoring legality, we analyze the institutes of prescription and decadence, since these are limits to invalidation. Finally, we demonstrate the indispensability of initiation of the administrative procedure for restoration of legality, which in theory would harm the rights and interests of third parties.

Im Rahmen des im 4. oder 5. Semester zu absolvierenden Berufsfeldprojekts sollen im Berufsfeld Recht und Management (Law and Management - LAMA) des Studiengangs Bachelor Wirtschaftswissenschaften der TU Chemnitz praxisorientiert aufgeworfene Fragestellungen systematisch und eingebettet in einen größeren Kontext dargestellt und mögliche Lösungswege aufgezeigt werden. Zugleich soll das Projekt Gelegenheit zur Vertiefung methodischer Kompetenzen, insbesondere zur Teamarbeit, geben und zu einem kritischen Blick auf die Bedeutung rechtlicher Vorgaben und Konzeptionen für wirtschaftliche Tätigkeiten "im Alltag" befähigen. Mit der Aufgabenstellung der Professur Jura I im WS 2009/10 wurde daher- ausgehend von einem konkreten, aktuellen Fall der Rechtsprechung, aber nicht beschränkt auf eine reine Fall-Lösung - angestrebt, praxisrelevant die potenziell auftretenden rechtlichen Fragen (Baurecht, Umweltrecht, Ladenschluss- und Gaststättenrecht, Verwaltungsverfahren usw.) der Errichtung und des Betriebs einer Tankstelle in einem allgemeinen (wirtschaftlichen) Kontext herauszuarbeiten. Nach vielen gemeinsamen Überlegungen und Prüfungen in verschiedenste Richtungen entstand so schließlich dieser "Leitfaden".

Au début des années 1880, la théorie du ministre-juge entretient encore la fragmentation des actes unilatéraux de l’administration. La méthode d’exposition du droit administratif alimente également la dispersion de ces actes et nourrit le morcellement de leurs règles. Près d’une cinquantaine d’années sera nécessaire pour ordonner cette diversité, pour forger une conception générale de l’acte administratif unilatéral obéissant à un régime unifié. Afin de se représenter le processus d’élaboration de l’acte administratif unilatéral, la doctrine et le juge puisent conjointement dans le fonds conceptuel subjectif. Instruments traditionnels de la science juridique, à l’efficacité éprouvée, la volonté et la personnalité juridique révèlent, à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle, l’essence logique de l’acte administratif unilatéral. L’émergence d’une conception unifiée de l’acte n’est cependant pas le fruit de l’utilisation servile des matériaux hérités de la science juridique classique. Alors que cet outillage a été pensé pour un sujet libre et agissant ordinairement pour son propre compte, les administrativistes doivent systématiser l’activité juridique d’hommes agissant pour le compte d’êtres collectifs, privés de volonté propre. Les spécificités de l’acte administratif unilatéral requièrent donc un imposant travail d’adaptation. A la tradition, succède l’innovation lors de la conceptualisation du résultat de l’opération décisionnelle. A l’inverse du juge administratif, la doctrine repousse le legs des civilistes pour penser l’effet de droit et imagine un concept, la situation juridique, reflétant l’épanouissement de l’objectivisme. Son ambition de contenir le subjectivisme l’incite également à rompre avec ses premiers inspirateurs, les théoriciens allemands du droit public. La théorie de l’hétérolimitation de l’Etat, qui remplace celle de l’autolimitation, influe alors sur la conception de l’autorité des actes administratifs unilatéraux. / At the begining of the 1880’s, the theory of the « Minister-Judge » continues to maintain the partition of the unilateral administrative acts. The methodology of the Doctrine then in use, contributes to scatter the Administration’s decisions and feeds the fragmentation of the rules. It will take about fifty years to overcome this divesity and to forge a general conception of the unilateral administrative act governed by a unified legal system. In order to picture the elaborating process of the unilateral adminstrative act, the Doctrine and the Judge jointly draw in the subjective conceptual collection. Starting from the end of the 19th century onwards, the logical essence of the unilateral administrative act has been revealed by the traditionnal and proven tools of legal science, ie the Will and the Legal Body. However, the emergence of a unified conception of the Act is not the outcome of a servile use of the materials supplied by the classical legal science. While this tool set has been elaborated for a free subject, acting - in most cases - for its own behalf, the administrativists think over the legal activities of men, acting on behalf of collective bodies, without personal will. The specifics of the unilateral administrative act, then require a significant adaptation work. Innovation succeeds tradition in the conceptualisation of the result of the decision process. Contrary to the Judge, the Doctrine, through objectivism development, pushes back the heritage of the civilists and imagines the effect of the unilateral administrative act through an innovative concept : the legal situation. The Doctrine’s ambition to contain subjectivism also leads to the break up with the german theorists of public law who were the first inspiring masters. The theory of heterolimitation of the State, which replaces the doctrine of self limitation, influences over the conception of the authority of unilateral administrative acts.