Inom tillverkningsindustrin präglas ständig utveckling och förbättringsarbete, speciellt när det kommer till produktionsavdelningen, som är hjärtat för verksamheten. Det är här produkterna vi konsumenter drömmer om visualiseras, definieras och förbereds för att komma till liv. Företagen är därför i mån av att ha en produktion som producerar konkurrenskraftigt i en hög hastighet, men också resurssnålt och tillförlitligt. Teknisk tillgänglighet är det nyckeltal som beskriver huruvida verksamhetens utrustning lever upp till sina förväntningar och är idag ett av de vanligaste nyckeltalen som används inom industrisektorn. Nyckeltalet är en procentsats som beskriver den andel av organisationens utrustning som är tillgänglig under den planerade produktionstiden, och används för att kunna mäta utrustningens prestation men också för att kunna prediktera och förebygga produktionsstopp. I denna studie så har vi beräknat den tekniska tillgängligheten på ett utav Scanias monteringslinjer genom att beräkna maskinernas MTBF och MTTR med hänsyn till seriella och parallella sammankopplingar. I resultatet framgår det att tillgänglighets förluster enkelt kan undvikas genom att använda sig utav redundans samt att enstaka maskiner bristfälliga prestation kan dra ner det slutgiltiga resultatet på grund av maskinernas seriella sammanslutningar till varandra och på så vis göra resultatet missvisande. Vidare kan man dra slutsatsen att värdefull information som kan användas för strategiskt beslutsfattande inom produktionsavdelningen inte nödvändigtvis utvinns ur den tekniska tillgängligheten utan istället av dess byggstenar MTTR och MTBF.Dessa nyckeltal kan användas för att validera organisationens underhållsstrategier, samt för att prediktera och förebygga maskinhaverier. I Scanias fall är tillgängligheten på den avdelningen som studien baserats på så pass hög att det inte riktigt finns rum för förbättring som kan uppnås på personalnivå, och eventuella mål om förbättringar kan kännas långsökta. Som en lösning till detta kan man se över att istället titta på MTBF och MTTR med avseende på samtliga maskiner av samma typ istället för att titta på de individuella. Detta för att få ett medelvärde som representerar maskintypens genomsnittliga presentation på avdelningen. Genom detta så får man en siffra som personalen på underhållsavdelningen kan vara med och påverka denna siffra på en daglig eller veckobasis istället för 6 månaders period. / The manufacturing industry is characterized by continuous development and improvement work, especially when it comes to its production department which is the heart of the business. This is where the products we consumers dream of are visualized, defined, and prepared to come to life. The companies are therefore subject to having a production that produces competitively at a high speed, but also resource-efficient and reliable. Technical availability is the key figure that describes whether the company's equipment lives up to its expectations and is today one of the most common key figures used in the industrial sector. The key figure is a percentage that describes the proportion of the organization's equipment that is available during the planned production period and is used to measure the equipment's performance but also to predict and prevent production stoppages. In this study, we have calculated the technical availability of one of Scania's assembly lines by calculating their machines MTBF and MTTR with regard to serial and parallel interconnections. The result shows that availability losses can easily be avoided by using redundancy and that individual machines' poor performances can reduce the final result due to the machines' serial connections to each other. Furthermore, it can be concluded that valuable information that can be used for strategic decision-making within the production department is not necessarily extracted from the technical availability but instead from analyzing its building blocks MTTR and MTBF. These key figures can be used to validate the organization's maintenance strategies, as well as to predict and prevent machine breakdowns. In Scania's case, the availability of the department on which the study is based is so high that there is not really room for improvement that can be achieved at staff level, and any goals for improvement may feel far-fetched. As a solution to this, you can instead look at MTBF and MTTR with respect to all machines of the same type instead of looking at them individually. This will get you a value that represents the machine group's average performance in the department. With this you will get a figure that the staff in the maintenance department can be involved in and influence on a daily or weekly basis instead of a 6-month period.

Canola fibre-protein and can-sugar are the two by-products arising from a process for separating high quality protein fractions from canola meal. In the first trial chemical characteristics of fibre-protein and can-sugar were examined in comparison with commercial canola and soy meal. In the second trial in situ rumen degradability and kinetics of test feed was studied. Based on the findings of those two trials, available energy values were estimated based on NRC (2001) while protein contents potentially absorbable at small intestine were predicted using both NRC (2001) and DVE/OEB models. Subsequently a mixture of fibre-protein and can-sugar was used as an additive to dehydrated alfalfa pellet and two dairy cow trials were conducted to determine the palatability and examine effect on lactation performances of blended alfalfa pellet feeding in comparison with standard alfalfa pellet. Palatability difference was evaluated by Paterson -two choice alternating access method through a 7 day experimental period using 6 lactating Holstein cows. In the lactating performance trial, 6 cows were randomly assigned into two groups and two treatments were allocated over three experimental periods in a switchback design. <p>Can-sugar consisted of water soluble components (CP 15.6 %DM; SCP 96.2 %CP; NFC 99.9 %CHO) with non-protein nitrogen as the main CP fraction (NPN 96.2 %CP). Fibre-protein was a highly fibrous material (NDF: 55.6%; ADF: 46.3%; ADL: 24.1%) comparing to canola meal (NDF: 25.4%, ADF: 21.2%, ADL: 9.0%) due to presence of higher level of seed hulls in fibre-protein. Comparing to canola meal, fibre-protein contained 9% less CP and 1/4 of that consisted of undegradable ADIP. Rumen degradability of can-sugar was assumed as immediate and total as it was water soluble. Most of the ruminally undegradable nutrient components present in canola meal appeared to be concentrated into fibre protein during the manufacturing process and as a result fibre-protein has shown a consistently lower effective degradability of DM, OM, CP NDF and ADF comparing to both canola and soy meal. Available energy content in can-sugar was marginally higher than that of canola meal while fibre-protein contained only 2/3 that of canola meal. The predicted absorbable protein content at small intestine was about 1/2 that of canola meal. These results indicate that fibre-protein can be considered as a secondary source of protein in ruminant feed and a mixture of fibre-protein and can-sugar would nutritionally complement each other to formulate into a cheaper ingredient in ruminant ration. In the palatability study, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in intake preference or finish time between the blended and standard alfalfa pellets. The results from the lactation study showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in milk yield, dairy efficiency or milk composition between the blended and standard alfalfa pellets. The results from the two studies indicated that fibre-protein and can-sugar fractions could be used as an additive to alfalfa dehydrated pellet at 15% inclusion rate without compromising its palatability or the performance of dairy cows. <p>For future studies it is proposed to conduct feeding trials with varying levels of inclusions to alfalfa pellet to know the nutritional effect of fibre-protein and can-sugar while ascertain optimum inclusion rate.

Canola fibre-protein and can-sugar are the two by-products arising from a process for separating high quality protein fractions from canola meal. In the first trial chemical characteristics of fibre-protein and can-sugar were examined in comparison with commercial canola and soy meal. In the second trial in situ rumen degradability and kinetics of test feed was studied. Based on the findings of those two trials, available energy values were estimated based on NRC (2001) while protein contents potentially absorbable at small intestine were predicted using both NRC (2001) and DVE/OEB models. Subsequently a mixture of fibre-protein and can-sugar was used as an additive to dehydrated alfalfa pellet and two dairy cow trials were conducted to determine the palatability and examine effect on lactation performances of blended alfalfa pellet feeding in comparison with standard alfalfa pellet. Palatability difference was evaluated by Paterson -two choice alternating access method through a 7 day experimental period using 6 lactating Holstein cows. In the lactating performance trial, 6 cows were randomly assigned into two groups and two treatments were allocated over three experimental periods in a switchback design. <p>Can-sugar consisted of water soluble components (CP 15.6 %DM; SCP 96.2 %CP; NFC 99.9 %CHO) with non-protein nitrogen as the main CP fraction (NPN 96.2 %CP). Fibre-protein was a highly fibrous material (NDF: 55.6%; ADF: 46.3%; ADL: 24.1%) comparing to canola meal (NDF: 25.4%, ADF: 21.2%, ADL: 9.0%) due to presence of higher level of seed hulls in fibre-protein. Comparing to canola meal, fibre-protein contained 9% less CP and 1/4 of that consisted of undegradable ADIP. Rumen degradability of can-sugar was assumed as immediate and total as it was water soluble. Most of the ruminally undegradable nutrient components present in canola meal appeared to be concentrated into fibre protein during the manufacturing process and as a result fibre-protein has shown a consistently lower effective degradability of DM, OM, CP NDF and ADF comparing to both canola and soy meal. Available energy content in can-sugar was marginally higher than that of canola meal while fibre-protein contained only 2/3 that of canola meal. The predicted absorbable protein content at small intestine was about 1/2 that of canola meal. These results indicate that fibre-protein can be considered as a secondary source of protein in ruminant feed and a mixture of fibre-protein and can-sugar would nutritionally complement each other to formulate into a cheaper ingredient in ruminant ration. In the palatability study, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in intake preference or finish time between the blended and standard alfalfa pellets. The results from the lactation study showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in milk yield, dairy efficiency or milk composition between the blended and standard alfalfa pellets. The results from the two studies indicated that fibre-protein and can-sugar fractions could be used as an additive to alfalfa dehydrated pellet at 15% inclusion rate without compromising its palatability or the performance of dairy cows. <p>For future studies it is proposed to conduct feeding trials with varying levels of inclusions to alfalfa pellet to know the nutritional effect of fibre-protein and can-sugar while ascertain optimum inclusion rate.

Social media has grown in importance as an advertising communication tool, and companies take advantages of this by using social media marketing to meet their marketing objectives. The research context in this study is chosen to be the social media Facebook, mainly since it is the biggest and most used social media in Sweden but also since Facebook offers companies many different commercial options. We detected a research gap, since there is a lack of theory on Facebook’s customized advertisements on a more specific context that is felt urge to buy impulsively. We could also identify a research gap since there is no study investigating how positive affect and felt urge to buy impulsively are affected by different characteristics in Umeå, Sweden or in the Facebook context among Umeå members. The purpose with this study is to investigate the effects of ad characteristics, personal consumption characteristics, and situational characteristics on positive affect and felt urge to buy impulsively. The characteristics consist of nine constructs; felt urge to buy impulsively, positive affect, promotional effect, atmospheric effect, impulse buying tendency, hedonic consumption, customized advertisement, time availability and money availability. To fulfill the purpose of this thesis, we conducted a quantitative study. In the quantitative study we conducted a web-based self-selected survey. The link to the survey was posted in four different Facebook groups and on our own Facebook pages. The link the survey was also distributed by flyers to randomly targeted people at Umeå University and Umeå center. By conducting a survey we were able to detect effects between the variables. When analyzing the results using regression analysis we concluded there are eight supported hypothesizes. The first multiple regression analysis showed that promotional effect, atmospheric effect, hedonic consumption tendency, customized advertisement and time availability had a significant positive effect on positive affect. In the second multiple regression analysis we concluded that hedonic consumption tendency and customized advertisement had a significant positive effect on felt urge to buy impulsively. The last regression analysis showed that positive affect had a significant positive effect on felt urge to buy impulsively. From the result we could confirm some of previous study’s findings and also contribute with new findings. We also suggest practical recommendations for companies using Facebook as an advertising channel, and how they can improve the advertising to make a good impression on the consumers.

A sustainable approach to restoration of the post-mining landscape involves creating conditions where a viable growth medium can be established with the minimal amount of fertiliser inputs over a period of time. Ideally, this growth medium should comprise a combination of minerals, organic matter, and biological components with have the capacity to retain and release nutrients over time. When combined with a re-vegetation scheme appropriate to the biogeographic area, a self-sustaining ecosystem can be established. Regulatory requirements for mine restoration typically require the use of topsoil, which is often in limited supply. However, overburden is commonly present in vast quantities and has the potential to be used as a restoration substrate with appropriate amendments. There are significant gaps in our understanding of factors relating to the use and amendment of overburden as a growing medium. The main objective of this study was to investigate and quantify the effects of inorganic and organic amendments and weathering on nutrient availability and plant growth in topsoil and overburden material obtained from the OceanaGold Globe Progress mine at Reefton, New Zealand. A series of glasshouse experiments were carried out on topsoil, fresh overburden and mullock (old waste rock) amended with biosolids, green manure, sawdust, lime and mineral fertiliser nutrients (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)). R esults demonstrated that 300 kg N ha⁻¹ was sufficient to overcome N deficiency in topsoil, while 100 kg P ha⁻¹ was required to overcome P deficiency. Addition of biosolids to topsoil and overburden increased plant biomass production, without increasing heavy metal concentrations. Amendment of overburden significantly affected weathering rates by accelerating the formation of secondary minerals. In particular, lupin green manure accelerated the formation of organic iron (Fe) and aluminium (Al) organic complexes, resulting from the decomposition of the green manure and release of Fe from primary minerals. Results revealed that wineberry and red beech required 200 kg N ha⁻¹ for optimum growth. Overall, the findings of this research identified key parameters for effective utilisation of overburden as a restoration substrate. A sustainable restoration method for managing the topsoil and/or any overburden or waste rock material remaining at mine sites can be achieved by careful selection of organic amendments and allowing an initial weathering period.

Submitted by ROBSON FLÁVIO CASTRO null (robson.afl@gmail.com) on 2016-05-04T14:03:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBSON_CASTRO_AUTOARQUIVAMENTO.pdf: 19394323 bytes, checksum: 7e472e92d451cc588e98cedecc565eba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-06T14:50:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 castro_rf_me_bauru.pdf: 19394323 bytes, checksum: 7e472e92d451cc588e98cedecc565eba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-06T14:50:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 castro_rf_me_bauru.pdf: 19394323 bytes, checksum: 7e472e92d451cc588e98cedecc565eba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Por meio de experimentos baseados em simulação computacional, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do Sistema de Coordenação de Ordens (SCO) Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope (S-DBR) aplicado a ambientes de produção para estoque, denominado Make-to-Availability (MTA). Composto por um conjunto de técnicas, o MTA visa maximizar o nível de serviço a partir da garantia de estoques de produtos acabados para pronta entrega. Nesta pesquisa, são criadas derivações do MTA com as retiradas das técnicas Gerenciamento do Pulmão, Priorização pelo Status do Pulmão e Carga Planejada. O desempenho das derivações é comparado com o MTA em sua forma completa. Para tanto, quatro indicadores de desempenho são utilizados: fill rate, estoque em processo, estoque de produtos acabados e tempo de reposição. Quatro cenários foram simulados, variando as taxas médias de demanda e o coeficiente de variação dos tempos de processamento. O MTA não obteve o melhor desempenho em nenhum dos indicadores, nos quatro cenários, porém a retirada das técnicas não trouxe melhoras significativas na disponibilidade dos produtos, e em alguns casos aumentou extremamente os níveis de estoque e o tempo de reposição. Ao final as técnicas se mostraram importantes para manter a disponibilidade dos produtos com menores níveis de estoque e menor tempo de reposição. / Through experiments with computer simulation, this work aims to evaluate the performance of an Ordering System Coordinator (OSC), Simplified Drum-Buffer-Rope applied to a make to stock environment, called Make-To-Availability (MTA). Composed of a set of techniques, the MTA aims to maximize the level of service from the supply guarantee for immediate delivery. In this research, MTA derivations are created pulling out the techniques Buffer Management, Status of Buffer Prioritization and Planned Load. The performance of derivations was compared with MTA in its complete form. For this purpose, four performance indicators were utilized: fill rate, work in process, finished goods inventory and reposition time. Four scenarios were simulated, with different median demand rates and the coefficient of variation of the process time. The MTA does not obtain the best performance in any indicator, at the four scenarios, however the pulling out of techniques does not bring significant improvement on product availability, and in some cases, stocks and reposition time greatly increased. In the end, the techniques have shown important to keep the availability of products with lower stocks and smaller reposition time.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:36:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Carlos_Roberto_Soares_ Severo.pdf: 7267743 bytes, checksum: 6e2b8a9babdbf6bf9ff708708ea6d3ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-28 / The knowledge of the distribution of the soils allows the planning of agricultural activities in a way to maximize the productivity of cultures and reduce the environmental degradation. That way, the water and nutrient availability to the plants become of great importance and may be evaluated by means of physical, chemical and mineralogical analysis and its interpretation of local conditions. This study had the objective of surveying and mapping the soils of a hydrographic microbasin used in the culture of eucalyptus, relating its physico-hydrical and chemical characteristics with the culture development. The study area has 63,53 hectares and belongs to VPC Florestal, located in the Alamos Farm in the city of Pinheiro Machado, where the culture of eucalyptus saligna is being cultivated. To represent the mapping units were characterized in field and collected 9 soil profiles, representing the classes of Argisoils, Cambisoils, Chernosoils, Luvisoils and Neosoils. In relation to total nutrients, the class of soil that presented the greater quantity of available nutrients in t.ha-1 in the microbasin was the Cambisoil, followed by Luvisoil, Chernosoil, Neosoil and Argisoil. Relating to total nutrients, the class of soil that showed a greater quantity in t in the microbasin was the Argisoil, followed by the Neosoil, Luvisoil, Chernosoil and Cambisoil. The soils present in the hydrographic microbasin of the Alamos Farm have a total of 1300 basic available cations and a total of 15770 basic cations. As for the water availability, the Alamos Farm has a storing capacity in its soil of 121245m³ of water, of those 20778m³ available to the plants. Relating to the development of eucalyptus, the results show there was a differentiated growth in different soil mapping units, and the greater growth was showed in the class of Argisoil. / O conhecimento da distribuição dos solos permite o planejamento das atividades agrícolas de forma a maximizar a produtividade das culturas e a reduzir a degradação ambiental. Dessa forma, a reserva e a disponibilidade de água e de nutrientes para as plantas se tornam de grande importância, podendo ser avaliadas por meio de análises físicas, químicas e mineralógicas dos solos e da sua interpretação para as condições locais. Este estudo teve por objetivo, fazer um levantamento e mapeamento dos solos em uma microbacia hidrográfica utilizada com a cultura do eucalipto, relacionando suas características físico-hídricas e químicas com o desenvolvimento da cultura. A área de estudo, com 63,53 hectares, está localizada na Fazenda Álamos, pertencente a VCP Florestal, no município de Pinheiro Machado, onde está sendo cultivada a cultura do eucalipto saligna. Para representação das unidades de mapeamento foram caracterizados a campo e coletados 9 perfis de solo, representando as classes dos Argissolos, Cambissolos, Chernossolos, Luvissolos e Neossolos. Em relação aos nutrientes, a classe de solo que apresentou uma maior quantidade de nutrientes disponíveis em t.ha-1, na microbacia, foi o Cambissolo, seguido do Luvissolo, do Chernossolo, do Neossolo e dos Argissolos. Em relação aos nutrientes totais, a classe de solo que apresentou uma maior quantidade em t.ha-1, na microbacia, foi o Argissolo, seguido do Neossolo, do Luvissolo, do Chernossolo e do Cambissolo. Os solos presentes na microbacia hidrográfica da Fazenda Álamos, possuem um total de 1300t.ha-1 de cátions básicos disponíveis e um total de 15770t.ha-1 de cátions básicos totais. Quanto à disponibilidade de água, a microbacia da Fazenda Álamos, possui uma capacidade de armazenamento de água em seus solos de 121245m3 de água, destes 20778m3 disponíveis as plantas. Em relação ao desenvolvimento do eucalipto, os resultados mostram que houve um crescimento diferenciado, conforme a unidade de mapeamento de solos, sendo observado o maior crescimento na classe dos Argissolos.

Cloud computing provides access to on-demand computing resources and storage space, whereby applications and data are hosted with data centers managed by third parties, on a pay-per-use price model. This allows organizations to focus on core business goals instead of managing in-house IT infrastructure.                     However, as more business critical applications and data are moved to the cloud, service availability is becoming a growing concern. A number of recent cloud service disruptions have questioned the reliability of cloud environments to host business critical applications and data. The impact of these disruptions varies, but, in most cases, there are financial losses and damaged reputation among consumers.         This thesis aims to investigate the threats to service availability in cloud computing and to provide some best practices to mitigate some of these threats. As a result, we identified eight categories of threats. They include, in no particular order: power outage, hardware failure, cyber-attack, configuration error, software bug, human error, administrative or legal dispute and network dependency. A number of systematic mitigation techniques to ensure constant availability of service by cloud providers were identified. In addition, practices that can be applied by cloud customers and users of cloud services, to improve service availability were presented.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) connected to cellular networks present novel challenges and opportunities in mobility management and localization, distinct from those faced by terrestrial users. This thesis presents an integrated approach, combining two key aspects essential for the integration of UAVs with cellular networks. Firstly, it introduces the mobility management challenges for cellular-connected UAVs, which differ significantly from terrestrial users. While terrestrial mobility management primarily aims to prevent radio link failures near cell boundaries, aerial users experience fragmented and overlapping coverage with line-of-sight conditions involving multiple ground base stations (BSs). Thus, mobility management for UAVs extends beyond link failure avoidance, aiming to minimize unnecessary handovers while ensuring extended service availability, particularly in up-link communication. Line-of-sight conditions from a UAV to multiple BSs increase the likelihood of frequent handovers, resulting in control packet overheads and communication delays. This thesis proposes two approaches to address these challenges: 1) A model-based service availability-aware Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO) adapting handover parameters to maintain high service availability with minimal handovers, and 2) A model-free approach using Deep Q-networks to decrease unnecessary handovers while preserving high service availability. Simulation results demonstrate that both the proposed algorithms converge promptly and increase the service availability by more than 40 %  while the number of handovers is reduced by more than 50%  as compared to traditional approaches. Secondly, to assess the ability of a network to support the range-based localization for cellular-connected UAVs, an analytical framework is introduced. The metric B-localizability is defined as the probability of successfully receiving localization signals above a specified Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) threshold from at least B ground BSs. The framework, accounting for UAV-related parameters in a three-dimensional environment, provides comprehensive insights into factors influencing localizability, such as distance distributions, path loss, interference, and received SINR. Simulation studies explore the correlation between localizability and the number of participating BSs, SINR requirements, air-to-ground channel characteristics, and network coordination. Additionally, an optimization problem is formulated to maximize localizability, investigating the impact of UAV altitude across different scenarios. Our study reveals that in an urban macro environment, the effectiveness of cellular network-based localization increases with altitude, with localizability reaching 100% above 60 meters. This finding indicates that utilizing cellular networks for UAV localization is a viable option. / Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) anslutna till cellulära nätverk presenterar nya utmaningar och möjligheter inom mobilitetshantering och lokalisering, skilda från dem som markanvändare står inför. Denna avhandling presenterar ett integrerat tillvägagångssätt, som kombinerar två nyckelaspekter som är väsentliga för integrationen av UAV:er med cellulära nätverk. För det första introducerar den mobilitetshanteringsutmaningarna för mobilanslutna UAV:er, som skiljer sig avsevärt från markbundna användare. Medan markbunden mobilitetshantering i första hand syftar till att förhindra radiolänkfel nära cellgränser, upplever antennanvändare fragmenterad och överlappande täckning med siktlinjeförhållanden som involverar flera markbasstationer (BS). Mobilitetshantering för UAV sträcker sig sålunda bortom att undvika länkfel, och syftar till att minimera onödiga överlämningar samtidigt som man säkerställer utökad servicetillgänglighet, särskilt i upplänkskommunikation. Synlinjeförhållanden från en UAV till flera BS:er ökar sannolikheten för frekventa överlämningar, vilket resulterar i kontrollpaketkostnader och kommunikationsförseningar. Denna avhandling föreslår två tillvägagångssätt för att möta dessa utmaningar: 1) En modellbaserad tjänsttillgänglighetsmedveten Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO) som anpassar parametrar för överlämning för att bibehålla hög servicetillgänglighet med minimal överlämning, och 2) Ett modellfritt tillvägagångssätt med Deep Q- nätverk för att minska onödiga överlämningar samtidigt som hög servicetillgänglighet bibehålls. Simuleringsresultat visar att båda de föreslagna algoritmerna konvergerar snabbt och ökar tjänstens tillgänglighet med mer än 40% medan antalet överlämningar minskas med mer än 50% jämfört med traditionella metoder. För det andra, för att bedöma förmågan hos ett nätverk att stödja den räckviddsbaserade lokaliseringen för de cellulärt anslutna UAV:erna, introduceras ett analytiskt ramverk.Metriska B-lokaliseringsförmågan definieras som sannolikheten för att framgångsrikt ta emot lokaliseringssignaler över en specificerad signal-till-interferens plus brusförhållande (SINR) tröskel från minst B jord BSs.Ramverket, som tar hänsyn till UAV-relaterade parametrar i en tredimensionell miljö, ger omfattande insikter i faktorer som påverkar lokaliserbarhet, såsom avståndsfördelningar, vägförlust, störningar och mottagen SINR. Simuleringsstudier undersöker korrelationen mellan lokaliserbarhet och antalet deltagande BS:er, SINR-krav, luft-till-mark-kanalegenskaper och nätverkskoordination. Dessutom har ett optimeringsproblem formulerats för att maximera lokaliseringsförmågan, undersöka effekten av UAV-höjd över olika scenarier. Vår studie avslöjar att i en urban makromiljö ökar effektiviteten av mobilnätsbaserad lokalisering med höjden, med lokaliserbarhet som når 100% över $60$ meter. Detta fynd indikerar att användning av mobilnät för UAV-lokalisering är ett gångbart alternativ. / <p>QC 20240319</p>

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