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The role of mathematics in first year students’ understanding of electricity problems in physicsKoontse, Reuben Double 04 1900 (has links)
Mathematics plays a pertinent role in physics. Students' understanding of this role has significant implications in their understanding of physics. Studies have shown that some students prefer the use of mathematics in learning physics. Other studies show mathematics as a barrier in students' learning of physics. In this study the role of mathematics in students' understanding of electricity problems was examined. The study undertakes a qualitative approach, and is based on an intepretivist research paradigm.
A survey administered to students was used to establish students' expectations on the use of mathematics in physics. Focus group interviews were conducted with the students to further corroborate their views on the use of mathematics in physics. Copies of students' test scripts were made for analysis on students' actual work, applying mathematics as they were solving electricity problems.
Analysis of the survey and interview data showed students' views being categorised into what they think it takes to learn physics, and what they think about the use of mathematics in physics. An emergent response was that students think that, problem solving in physics means finding the right equation to use. Students indicated that they sometimes get mathematical answers whose meaning they do not understand, while others maintained that they think that mathematics and physics are inseparable.
Application of a tailor-made conceptual framework (MATHRICITY) on students work as they were solving electricity problems, showed activation of all the original four mathematical resources (intuitive knowledge, reasoning primitives, symbolic forms and interpretive devices). Two new mathematical resources were identified as retrieval cues and sense of instructional correctness. In general, students were found to be more inclined to activate formal mathematical rules, even when the use of basic or everyday day mathematics that require activation of intuitive knowledge elements and reasoning primitives, would be more efficient.
Students' awareness of the domains of knowledge, which was a measure of their understanding, was done through the Extended Semantic Model. Students' awareness of the four domains (concrete, model, abstract, and symbolic) was evident as they were solving the electricity questions. The symbolic domain, which indicated students' awareness of the use of symbols to represent a problem, was the most prevalent. / Science and Technology Education / D. Phil. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (Physics Education)))
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Modelling the effect of human-caused mortality on a lion sub-population using spreadsheetsHerrmann, Eric 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScFor)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Free-ranging lions (Panthera leo) in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP) have been
subject to persecution by farmers following livestock depredation in adjacent grazing areas. In
recent years at least one adult female was killed annually from a sub-population of five
boundary prides that have home ranges adjoining these livestock grazing areas. While no
long-term records of human-caused mortality are available, the impact of current rates of
human-caused mortality is uncertain. Female-based, age-structured models were thus used to
estimate the long-term viability of the KTP lion sub-population subjected to human-caused
mortality under deterministic and stochastic environmental conditions. Population parameters
incorporated in the models included age-class specific natural mortality, female fecundity and
birth sex ratio. In so doing sustainable threshold rates of persecution were established, so that
effective conservation measures can be taken, if required, to ensure the continued survival of
boundary prides in the park.
Sensitivity analyses of natural survival rates indicated that adult female survivorship is the
most important population parameter with respect to maintaining population viability,
compared to younger female age-classes, fecundity or birth sex ratio. Hence adults were also
the most sensitive age-class with respect to human-caused mortality, as adult survival
repeatedly acts upon individuals with the highest reproductive value. In the deterministic
model, with the most optimistic survival parameter values, fecundity and birth sex ratio
(female-biased) estimates, the sub-population is only able to sustain an annual persecution of
three adult females, before the sub-population exhibits a sustained decline. In the worst-case
scenario, where fecundity and sex ratio estimates are at their lower extremes, the maximum
sustainable age-class specific persecution rate is zero, for all age-classes. Whilst these
hypothetical scenarios are unrealistic, they do highlight the extreme thresholds of potentially
sustainable persecution rates. Under the most optimistic scenario using the stochastic model,
the highest achievable survival probability of the sub-population, when subjected to a
persecution rate of one adult annually, was 78%. Although increased fecundity and birth sex
ratio biased towards females may increase the survival probability, these parameters are
generally at their mean values in the long-term, and may thus not necessarily prevent a
sustained population decline. The models therefore suggest that the current persecution rate of
one adult annually (or 4% of the adult sub-population), appears unsustainable in the longterm.
To ensure the survival of existing boundary prides and to maintain a viable subpopulation,
adult lionesses should, as far as possible, be afforded protection from persecution. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vrylewende leeus (Panthera leo) in die Kgalagadi Oorgrenspark (KTP) is onderworpe aan
vervolging deur boere as gevolg van predasie op vee in aangrensende weidingsgebiede. In
onlangse jare is ten minste een volwasse wyfie uit ‘n subpopulasie van vyf troppe met
loopareas wat aan die weidingsgebiede grens, jaarliks uitgewis. Geen langtermyn rekords van
vrektes as gevolg van menslike oorsake is beskikbaar nie, en die impak van vrektes wat deur
mense veroorsaak word, is dus onseker. Wyfie-gebaseerde, ouderdomgestruktureerde
modelle is daarom gebruik om te voorspel wat die langtermyn lewensvatbaarheid is van die
KTP leeu subpopulasie wat onderworpe is aan vrektes deur menslike invloede onder
deterministiese en stogastiese omgewingsfaktore. Bevolkingsfaktore wat deur die modelle in
ag geneem is, sluit ouderdomsgroep-spesifieke natuurlike vrektes, aanwas van wyfies en
geboorte geslagsverhouding in. Sodoende is volhoubare uitwissingstempos bepaal sodat,
indien nodig, effektiewe bewaringsmeganismes toegepas kan word om die voortbestaan van
troppe in die grensgebiede van die park te verseker.
Sensitiwiteitsanalises van natuurlike oorlewingstempos het aangetoon dat volwasse wyfies se
oorlewing die belangrikste bevolkingsfaktor is om die bevolking se lewensvatbaarheid te
volhou vergeleke met jonger wyfie ouderdomsgroepe, aanwas of geslagsverhouding by
geboorte. Daarom was volwassenes ook die sensitiefste vir vrektes as gevolg van menslike
invloede, omdat die oorlewing van volwassenes herhaaldelik inwerk op individue met die
hoogste reproduktiewe waarde. In die deterministiese model met die mees optimistiese
oorlewing, aanwas en geboorte verhouding (wyfie-gebasseerde) beramings, is die subpopulasie
slegs in staat om ‘n jaarlikse uitwissing van drie volwasse wyfies te onderhou,
voordat die sub-populasie ‘n volgehoue afname toon. In die uiterste geval waar aanwas en
geslags verhouding skattings op die laagste is, is die maksimum volhoubare ouderdomsklasspesifieke
beramings nul vir alle ouderdomsklasse. Terwyl hierdie hipotetiese senario’s
onrealisties is, onderstreep dit die uiterste vlakke van potensiële volhoubare
uitwissingstempos. Onder die mees optimistiese senario – ‘n uitwissingstempo van een
volwassene jaarliks – met die gebruik van die stogastiese model, was die hoogste haalbare
oorlewingswaarskynlikheid van die sub-populasie 78%. Alhoewel ‘n toename in aanwas en
geboorte geslagsverhouding (met oorhelling na wyfies), ‘n toename in
oorlewingswaarskynlikheid tot gevolg kan hê, is hierdie faktore oor die algemeen gemiddeld
oor die langtermyn en sal dit nie noodwendig ‘n volgehoue afname in die populasie verhoed
nie. Die modelle dui daarop dat die huidige uitwissingstempo van een volwassene (of 4% van die volwasse sub-populasie) op ‘n jaarlikse grondslag onvolhoubaar is oor die langtermyn.
Om die oorlewing van bestaande troppe in die grensgebiede, asook ‘n lewensvatbare subpopulasie,
te verseker, moet volwasse leeuwyfies so ver as moontlik teen vervolging beskerm word.
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Knowledge of women attending antenatal clinics on transmission of HIV through breast-feeding in Gaborone, BotswanaKasinja, Faides Tsalani 30 June 2006 (has links)
Breast-feeding by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive mothers poses a risk of transmitting HIV infection from the mother to the baby. This study attempted to describe and explore the knowledge of antenatal women in Gaborone, Botswana on the transmission of HIV through breast-feeding.
The research results, obtained from interview schedules, revealed that the respondents had: a greater knowledge of transmission of HIV in adults than mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT); a moderate understanding of infant feeding methods; poor understanding of the risk of HIV transmission through different infant feeding methods and feelings that infant feeding method reveals ones HIV status, which indicate stigma and discrimination.
The study findings may assist health care providers to intensify educational programmes and counselling in the antenatal clinics and communities to reduce MTCT. / Health Studies / M. A. (Health Studies)
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Origins of the centralised unitary state with special reference to Botswana, Zimbabwe and NamibiaNapier, Clive J. 07 1900 (has links)
The purpose of this thesis is to describe and explain the origins of
centra 1 i sed unitary con st itut i ona l forms adopted at independence, with speci a 1
reference to the pre-independence period of colonial rule and the states of
Botswana, Zimbabwe and Namibia. Since the states of the world are either
unitary or federal, an attempt is made to distinguish the unitary
constitutional form from federation by contrasting both concepts. The three
states under study are identified as centralised and unitary by referring to
political, historical, legal, administrative and fiscal criteria. The
theoretical and practical origins and explanations for the adoption of unitary
constitutional forms in the European and African context are explained. First,
the theoretical origins of monism, pluralism, dualism, absolutism and
sovereignty and the thoughts of a number of classical theorists are discussed.
Next the practical origins, the statements and perceptions by members of
African nationalist elites supportive of unitary states in Africa in the
colonial and early post-colonial period are referred to, in partial
exp 1 anat ion for the adoption of this con st itut i ona 1 form. British
constitutional practices and precedents are also discussed.
Further, to explain the origins of the centralised unitary state in Africa,
the three case studies of Botswana, Zimbabwe and Namibia come under
discussion. A four stage conceptual scheme devised by Etzioni and modified for
the purpose of this thesis is utilised to analyse and explain the origins of
the centralised unitary state in the three case studies of Botswana, Zimbabwe
(xii)
and Namibia. A variety of factors both historical and contemporary, internal
and external to these countries are identified and analysed. These factors
include amongst others, early settlement patterns and confiicts, British
colonial practices and precedents, the perceptions and ambitions of
nationalist movements and elites, relationships with neighbouring states, the
climate of opinion, and the requirements of nation-building and political
stability.
The thesis is concluded by comparing the experiences of the three countries
and, setting out several inductive propositions determining under which
conditions these states adopted centralised unitary constitutional forms in
preference to decentralised ones, federation or partition.
Finally, the thesis is concluded by referring in a Postscript to the postindependence
constitutional reassessment in the three countries concerned, the
constitutional reassessment process in Africa in general, literature
references to this process, and the prospects for constitutional reform on the
continent. / Political Science / D. Lit. et Phil. (Politics)
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Bakalanga music and dance in Botswana and ZimbabwePhibion, Otukile Sindiso 27 July 2005 (has links)
Botswana, formerly known as the Bechuanaland Protectorate, is a country with diverse tribal and religious cultures. Bakalanga are one of the tribes found in Botswana and also in Westrn Zimbabwe. The Western part of the Zimbabwean Bukalanga region was included in the then Bechuanaland Protectorate when its border with Zimbabwe was fixed. To date, Botswana's traditional music has been passed from generation to generation, entirely orally. The main contribution of this study is collecting, documenting and preserving Bakalanga traditional music-making. After abolishing official usage of the Ikalanga language, at independence in 1966, in the early 1990's the Botswana government re-discovered that a nation without culture is a lost nation. Funds were then set aside to be used annually for the development of culture. In using these funds to revive their culture and traditional music, Bakalanga of North Eastern Botswana declared 21 May to be their annual cultural day. Photographs and video footage of these annual cultural festivals were taken by the researcher to help illustrate certain aspects of Ikalanga music and dance in this thesis. Several factors influencing Ikalanga traditional music were taken into consideration: the historical background of Bakalanga, their relationship with other tribes such as the Amandebele, their education, their language in relation to other languages and the missionary influence. Ikalanga traditional music instruments are described. The Mwali religion, which forms the basis of wosana music, linking Bakalanga of Botswana and those of Zimbabwe through the Njelele sacred place joint annual ceremonies, is discussed at length. Different Ikalanga traditional music types are addressed as follows: • Rain Making/Praying music; Wosana and Mayile • Traditional Music for Happy Occasions and Entertainment; Ndazula, Mukomoto, Woso, Iperu, Tshikitsha, Bhoro and Ncuzu./ Maskhukhu • Traditional Music for Healing Purposes; Mazenge (Shumba), Sangoma and Mantshomane. All the above music types are practised within Bukalanga communities publicly, with the exception of mazenge, which is regarded as sacred and private. Bhoro is also extinct in Zimbabwe. The notation of Ikalanga traditional basic musical themes is provided, except for mazenge and ncuzu. which were not found anywhere during this research. / Thesis (DMus)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Music / unrestricted
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A curriculum for vocational business subjects in Botswana junior secondary schoolsSithole, Burman Musa 06 1900 (has links)
The aim of this research was to examine the extent to which the pedagogical practices of
Business Studies teachers in Botswana junior secondary schools conform to pedagogical
practices recommended for imparting practical business skills relevant to the world of work. It
also aimed to identify the strengths and weaknesses of teachers’ current practices with a view to
proffer a teaching model that would help to maximize learner acquisition of business skills and
competencies.
Literature related to the pedagogy of business education subjects was reviewed to give a general
conceptual and methodological foundation for the investigation. An overview of the
methodological approaches and the qualitative research design selected for application to the
study were provided including the data-gathering procedures and the conceptual framework that
supported and informed the research.
The major findings of the study were that Business Studies teachers subscribe mainly to the
transmission paradigm of teaching. Teachers’ failure to use constructivist pedagogies prescribed
in the syllabus were attributed to a multiplicity of challenges they face in their day-to-day
practices. The challenges that beset the pedagogy of business subjects emanate from a variety of sources such as the scarcity or non-availability of teaching materials and resources, a congested
syllabus and problems associated with striking a balance between the theoretical and practical
aspects of the subject. Teachers indicated that the Business Studies syllabus is too long and with
the little time allocated to teach it on schools timetables, it is impractical to expect them to
complete the syllabus using constructivist teaching approaches which they perceive as pedagogically burdensome and time-consuming. Despite the teachers’ constraints in creating
constructivist learning environments, the use of an entrepreneurial pedagogy in the form of the
mini enterprise whereby students are involved in setting and running a concrete enterprise is
prevalent.
The study concluded by suggesting a pedagogical model, based on the findings, to improve
Business Studies curriculum delivery. It was also recommended that support structures aimed at
monitoring and ensuring that the delivery of business education is done according to the
stipulated business curriculum standards be put in place. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Didactics)
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An assessment of the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in Botswana private higher education institutionsChikari, Golden 01 1900 (has links)
The present study assessed the effectiveness of Entrepreneurship Education (EE) in Private Higher Education institutions in Botswana. The assessment of the effectiveness of EE serves as a context of finding ways of addressing challenges and proposing a model for implementing effective EE in Botswana Private Higher Education Institutions. The study adopted a positivism paradigm. A quantitative approach was employed. A survey design was used in the empirical study and a self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect data. Two hundred and forty-nine students exposed to EE and fifty-two commercial college/university lecturers participated in the study. The Social Science Statistical Package (SPSS) version 22 was applied to analyse the data. Chi-square tests were calculated. Ratios were calculated to show the ratings of each item.
This study revealed that EE’s curriculum structure such as objectives, content, implementation, and assessment affected its effectiveness. The study also revealed that Botswana Private Higher Education Institutions did not have material resources to effectively EE. The current study also established that even though stakeholders had positive attitudes towards EE, entrepreneurial culture in Gaborone was weak. Findings of the study also revealed that there was no comprehensive EE policy for its effective implementation in tertiary institutions.
The present study recommended that the implementation of EE would be improved through the restructuring of the curriculum, the provision of resources and the need to formulate mandatory policies and legislation for its implementation. / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)
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The role of mathematics in first year students’ understanding of electricity problems in physicsKoontse, Reuben Double 04 1900 (has links)
Mathematics plays a pertinent role in physics. Students' understanding of this role has significant implications in their understanding of physics. Studies have shown that some students prefer the use of mathematics in learning physics. Other studies show mathematics as a barrier in students' learning of physics. In this study the role of mathematics in students' understanding of electricity problems was examined. The study undertakes a qualitative approach, and is based on an intepretivist research paradigm.
A survey administered to students was used to establish students' expectations on the use of mathematics in physics. Focus group interviews were conducted with the students to further corroborate their views on the use of mathematics in physics. Copies of students' test scripts were made for analysis on students' actual work, applying mathematics as they were solving electricity problems.
Analysis of the survey and interview data showed students' views being categorised into what they think it takes to learn physics, and what they think about the use of mathematics in physics. An emergent response was that students think that, problem solving in physics means finding the right equation to use. Students indicated that they sometimes get mathematical answers whose meaning they do not understand, while others maintained that they think that mathematics and physics are inseparable.
Application of a tailor-made conceptual framework (MATHRICITY) on students work as they were solving electricity problems, showed activation of all the original four mathematical resources (intuitive knowledge, reasoning primitives, symbolic forms and interpretive devices). Two new mathematical resources were identified as retrieval cues and sense of instructional correctness. In general, students were found to be more inclined to activate formal mathematical rules, even when the use of basic or everyday day mathematics that require activation of intuitive knowledge elements and reasoning primitives, would be more efficient.
Students' awareness of the domains of knowledge, which was a measure of their understanding, was done through the Extended Semantic Model. Students' awareness of the four domains (concrete, model, abstract, and symbolic) was evident as they were solving the electricity questions. The symbolic domain, which indicated students' awareness of the use of symbols to represent a problem, was the most prevalent. / Science and Technology Education / D. Phil. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education (Physics Education))
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An evaluation of clinical waste management in Gaborone city council healthcare facilitiesKudoma, Bongayi 11 1900 (has links)
The management of clinical waste is of great importance due to its infectious and hazardous nature that can cause risks on environment and public health. The study was conducted to evaluate clinical waste management practices and to determine the amount of waste generated in five purposively selected healthcare facilities in Gaborone City Council. The surveyed healthcare facilities were of different size, specialization and category and included a referral hospital, two clinics and two health posts. To examine clinical waste management practices the study employed a range of methods including questionnaire survey which targeted 105 stratified randomly selected healthcare workers and ancillary staff, formal interviews with facility managers, field observations and literature reviews. Compliance with the Botswana Clinical Waste Management Code of Practice, 1996 and Waste Management Act, 1998 and other related documents were used as standards to assess clinical waste management practices. The waste management practices were analysed for a week in each healthcare facility to capture the daily management practices.
The generated clinical waste was weighed to compute the generation rates and was followed through the various management practices to the final disposal. Findings of the study revealed that clinical waste generation rates were: 0.75kg/patient/day for Princess Marina Hospital and 0.1 - 0.3kg/patient/day for clinics and health posts. Numerous aspects of clinical waste management were found to comply with the expected rules and standards at Princess Marina Hospital, but the clinics and health posts had less appropriate practices. Clinical waste generated at Princess Marina Hospital is quantified in reliable records and dedicated Infectious Control Officers are responsible for monitoring the management of clinical waste. The study revealed that clinics and health posts do not quantify clinical waste and there are no officers responsible for monitoring clinical waste and there are no documents for monitoring the management of clinical waste. The main treatment method of clinical waste for the surveyed healthcare facilities is incineration and it is being done properly. The study established that at least 80% of healthcare workers and ancillary staff have been vaccinated against hepatitis B and have received training in clinical waste management. Recommendations are given with the aim of improving clinical waste management practices in Gaborone City Council healthcare facilities. / Environmental Management / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)
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Perceptions of risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection among students in the Institute of Development Management, Gaborone, Botswana CampusMalefho, Kegomoditswe M. January 2022 (has links)
Thesis (MPH.) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Background: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome still remains the leading cause of
death globally. Understanding students’ views about the risk of Human Immunodeficiency
Virus infection by exploring and describing their perceptions may help to design effective
Human Immunodeficiency Virus prevention interventions. The tertiary institution
environment offers a great opportunity for Human Immunodeficiency Virus high risk
behaviours, including alcohol and drug abuse, unsafe sex, multiple sexual relationships,
intergenerational and transactional sex. Despite the decline in the overall incidence of
Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection, still a significant proportion of the youth
population are at risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection.
Objectives: The study was to explore and describe perception of risk of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus among students at the Institute of Development Management,
Gaborone, Botswana Campus.
Methodology: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study using semi-structured
interviews with purposively selected second year Public Health students was conducted.
Interviews were conducted using an interview guide. It was audio recorded until data
saturation was reached, where eight students participated in the study. Voice recordings
were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.
Results: The findings reveals that some participants perceive themselves to be at risk of
contracting Human Immunodeficiency Virus, while others perceive themselves as being
not at risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection. Several risk factors associated
with Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection, for example, alcohol and drug abuse,
multiple concurrent sexual relationships, intergenerational and transactional sex are
revealed as challenges. They also expressed their fears in relation to Human
Immunodefiency Virus testing, pregnancy and disclosure of Human Immunodeficiency
Virus positive status due to the stigma and discrimination.
Conclusion: High risk behaviours leading to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome prevalence are still common among young
people, hence the need for government and all stakeholders to specifically address them
by coming up with specific behavioural intervention programmes.
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