Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-05-11T18:08:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo Raphael Carvalho de Matos.pdf: 1313365 bytes, checksum: c17ed5de120e78033d71926e7c97ab6c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-11T18:08:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo Raphael Carvalho de Matos.pdf: 1313365 bytes, checksum: c17ed5de120e78033d71926e7c97ab6c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-06 / Relevant subject within the law relations is the child labor and its relationship with the human rights protection. From a post-positivist view and the private publicity phenomenon, human rights nowadays enjoy legislative protection, sovereignty of their standards and a special attention from the Law. The interests between individuals suffer a direct reflection of the constitutional and international standards, as they are part of a social whole, diffuse rights holders. Another aspect to be analyzed is the one that concerns to legislative mutation with prominence to its interpretation, at the time the legal norm becomes a compound of normative determinations of heteronomous and ambiguous character, assuming, then, a new legal nature from a modern systematic hermeneutics, mainly to approved international standards that have effect in the Brazilian legal system. Will be analyzed, even for the hypothetical-deductive method, the influence of human rights and constitutional principles in labor Law as legal science, considering the fight against child labor and the work of the Ministry of Labor, analyzing the legal literature. In the next moment, through the inductive method, will be discussed the child labor and the relevant legislation. Then will be cited the national programs to fight child labor, implemented by the National Coordination of preventive Combating labor exploitation of children and teenagers, as a Ministry of Labor organ and their repressive actions. In the final moment, through the inductive method, official data will be analyzed to indicate the presence of child labor in Brazil, through the verification of published reports by the Ministry of Labor and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, in a final counterpoint between the obtained and the desired results. / Tema relevante dentro das relações jurídicas é o do Trabalho Infantil e a sua relação com a tutela dos Direitos Humanos. A partir de uma visão pós-positivista e do fenômeno da publicização do privado, os Direitos Humanos passaram a gozar de proteção legislativa, soberania de suas normas e um olhar mais apurado do Direito. Os interesses entre particulares sofrem um reflexo direto das normas constitucionais e internacionais, por constituírem parte integrante de um todo social, possuidores de direitos difusos. Outro aspecto a ser tratado é o que concerne à própria mutação legislativa no tocante à sua interpretação, no momento em que a norma jurídica se torna um composto de determinações normativas de caráter heterônomo e polissêmico, assumindo, então, uma nova natureza jurídica a partir de uma hermenêutica sistemática moderna, principalmente, ao recepcionar normas internacionais que repercutirão no ordenamento jurídico pátrio. Ver-se-á, ainda, pelo método hipotético-dedutivo, a influência dos Direitos Humanos e dos Princípios Constitucionais no Direito do Trabalho como ciência jurídica, considerando-se o combate ao Trabalho Infantil e a atuação do Ministério Público do Trabalho, ao analisarem-se as obras de literatura jurídica. Em momento subsequente, pelo método indutivo, será analisado o Trabalho Infantil e a legislação atinente ao tema. Em seguida, serão dispostos os Programas Nacionais de combate ao Trabalho Infantil, implementados preventivamente pela Coordenadoria Nacional de Combate à exploração do trabalho de crianças e adolescentes, como órgão do Ministério Público do Trabalho, bem como suas ações repressivas. Em último momento, pelo método indutivo, serão analisados os dados oficiais que apontam a presença de trabalho infantil no Brasil, por meio da verificação dos relatórios publicados pelo Ministério Público do Trabalho e pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, em um contraponto final entre os resultados desejados e os obtidos.

Africa reportedly has the highest incidence of child labour in the world. To respond to this problem, some scholars recommend an outright ban on child labour through legislation. In this regard, most African countries, including South Africa (SA), have enacted legislation directed at banning child labour. However, legislation directed at banning child labour may impact negatively on certain fundamental rights of children. This is because child labour is sometimes a source of income for many children who may themselves have ‘dependants’. For instance, for children in desperate need, adherence to laws which have the effect of depriving them of basic necessities including food, housing and water is unrealistic, inadequate and totally ineffective. A notable example is with regard to orphaned children. Taking such children out of employment is counter-productive as they are left with no means of survival. On the other hand, though child labour contributes to the survival of many children and their families in Africa, it impacts negatively on fundamental rights of children. Some of these rights include the right to education, health, leisure, among others. Therefore, regardless of the circumstances that compel children to engage in child labour, it remains a problem that needs to be addressed through appropriate approaches. This study stresses that the approaches adopted need to be cognizant of the diverse circumstances under which children engage in child labour. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2011. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / nf2012 / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

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This study was intended to investigate the nature of child labour, continued causes and effects of child labour on development initiatives, establishing the magnitude of the problem and make recommendations for intervention. It was generally established that child labour is a hindrance to developmental programmes by negatively affecting the targeted next generations. The high rate of child labour was mainly attributed to poverty, HIV/AIDS, low incomes, culture, weak laws, invisible phenomenon, population growth, armed conflict, limited access to education opportunities, employment, gender, social attitudes and ignorance, irresponsible parenthood, agriculture and orphan hood. Solutions suggested to child labour included; stronger government intervention, training and awareness raising, further research and adopting a zero-tolerance for child labour. Facilitation of the Universal Primary Education Programme to be improved and stronger bye-laws should to be adopted. / Development Studies / M. A. (Development Studies)

This study was intended to investigate the nature of child labour, continued causes and effects of child labour on development initiatives, establishing the magnitude of the problem and make recommendations for intervention. It was generally established that child labour is a hindrance to developmental programmes by negatively affecting the targeted next generations. The high rate of child labour was mainly attributed to poverty, HIV/AIDS, low incomes, culture, weak laws, invisible phenomenon, population growth, armed conflict, limited access to education opportunities, employment, gender, social attitudes and ignorance, irresponsible parenthood, agriculture and orphan hood. Solutions suggested to child labour included; stronger government intervention, training and awareness raising, further research and adopting a zero-tolerance for child labour. Facilitation of the Universal Primary Education Programme to be improved and stronger bye-laws should to be adopted. / Development Studies / M. A. (Development Studies)

Al investigar este problema en el caso específico de Ecuador podemos ver algunos patrones que otros investigadores y políticos podrían aplicar en otros contextos de abusos laborales y trabajo infantil. En un mundo más consciente de los derechos humanos, es necesario impedir el trabajo infantil donde se pueda o por lo menos asegurar que los niños que trabajan lo hagan en la forma más sana y segura. En esta investigación se analizan las leyes y regulaciones de las últimas dos décadas, la implementación, y los efectos en las vidas de los niños trabajadores. La implementación de las leyes y regulaciones es mayormente analizada a través del papel de las inspecciones. Las entrevistas mencionadas en la investigación son realizadas por otros grupos pero muestran las experiencias de los niños. Usando reportes anuales de Ecuador, Estados Unidos, y organizaciones internacionales la investigación explora las varias razones por las cuales Ecuador no ha logrado eliminar el trabajo infantil. La investigación sugiere recomendaciones para realizar inspecciones más eficaces y hacer esfuerzos más impactantes en el campo de trabajo infantil. Ecuador ya lleva dos décadas de regulaciones e iniciativas dirigidas al trabajo infantil sin embargo no ha logrado erradicar este fenómeno. En fin el bienestar y protección de los derechos de los niños es lo que está siendo comprometido; por eso es urgente poder encontrar las soluciones que harán Ecuador el país exitoso en erradicar trabajo infantil.

The thesis "Charitable organizations, as an important element in helping schools in South India" discusses what is currently the situation in education in India and how charities can contribute to its improvement, and therefore that this role of government in his country doesnot so much attention it would deserve the Indian population. At the beginning of his work dealing with the issue of psychological personality formation and describe the conditions in which Indian children grow up, the negative aspects of India and its education. The thesis also deals with the current reference of great spiritual teachers of India, explores his life's work, demonstrates a unique and sophisticated system of education at the same time proposing a solution, how can India improve their current situation. The practical part deals with ethnographic research charities from South India, which created a unique concept to help abandoned street children in India and has already saved many lives and children's souls. In my work I come from personal knowledge and experience of Bindu civic association, which I founded in 2010 to support the education of children in southern India.

O trabalho artístico infanto-juvenil é a temática que norteia a presente pesquisa. Dentro desse tema, observa-se uma discussão ampla na doutrina sobre a sua validade e qual a forma jurídica da prestação de serviços quando a atividade é exercida por crianças e adolescentes. Para enveredar por esta problemática, traz-se como suporte metodológico a abordagem dedutiva e técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica. O texto esta dividido em capítulos, onde se abordam os distintos assuntos que confluem para os objetivos pretendidos. São eles: evolução das regras jurídicas de direito do trabalho e defesa da exploração do trabalho das crianças e adolescentes, importância do estudo das artes para o ser humano em desenvolvimento e legalidade dessa prática, e, por último, a inclusão dessa discussão no ordenamento jurídico pátrio. A conclusão a que se chega é que, de acordo com as regras jurídicas aplicáveis atualmente, é válido o trabalho infanto-juvenil artístico, desde que cumpridas as normas legais em vigor. / The artwork juvenile is the theme that guides the present research. Within this theme, there is a broad discussion on the doctrine on which the validity and the legal form of the service when the activity is carried out by children and adolescents. To embark on this issue brings up as methodological support the deductive approach and technical literature. The text is divided into chapters, which deal with the different issues that converge to the desired goals. They are: the evolution of legal rules of labor law and defense of labor exploitation of children and adolescents, the importance of the study of the arts to the developing human and legality of this practice, and, finally, the inclusion of this discussion in the legal paternal. The conclusion reached is that, according to the applicable legal rules currently valid work juvenile art, provided it fulfills the legal provisions in force

A presente Dissertação de Mestrado corresponde aos resultados da investigação que almejou elucidar as experiências das crianças e dos jovens trabalhadores que, no período compreendido entre 1964 e 1972-referente à primeira fase da jurisdição da Junta de Conciliação e Julgamento de Vitória da Conquista (BA)-ajuizaram reclamações contra seus patrões. Visa, fundamentalmente, expor e esmiuçar os embates travados entre os jovens trabalhadores e seus patrões nos locais de trabalho e a extensão desses conflitos aos tribunais. Debruçando-se principalmente sobre base documental do Judiciário Trabalhista,a investigação teve como horizonte descortinar as principais estratégias de negociação, acusação e defesa utilizadas por menores trabalhadores, assim como por patrões e seus advogados no intercurso dos processos. Além disso, o debate sobre a movimentação processual trabalhista regional e nacional, as configurações do Direito do Trabalho no período da ditadura civil-militar, as nuances da legislação trabalhista e da jurisprudência coeva ganharam espaço na discussão que a dissertação fomentou. Recusando uma perspectiva de cunho vitimizador, o estudo confere relevo aos diversos contornos do trabalho infanto juvenil, aos conflitos decorrentes das relações de trabalho envolvendo os menores trabalhadores e suas ações nos tribunais, como também aos aspectos importantes do universo econômico, legislativo e judiciário no Brasil do período estudado. Mais do que um espaço para solicitar indenizações e empreender acordos, essa justiça especial erigiu-se como um lócus para o registro de reivindicações, uma brecha para a apresentação de histórias que até então estavam reservadas ao domínio da esfera privada do mundo do trabalho. Para tanto, além das fontes do Judiciário Trabalhista (115 ações), compõem o rol de documentos da pesquisa os anuários, monografias, enciclopédias, mapas e censos do IBGE, os anais do Senado Federal, registros e revistas da Organização Internacional do Trabalho, relatórios do UNICEF, boletins do Ministério do Trabalho e Previdência Social, matérias da imprensa regional, a doutrina e notas de jurisprudência veiculadas em revistas de Direito do Trabalho e dos órgãos da Justiça do Trabalho, as leis e decretos-leis que alteraram a Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT), além de entrevistas com advogados e autoridades políticas da época. / This Master Thesis is the result of the research which aimed to elucidate the experiences of children and young workers who, in the period between 1964 and 1972 - for the first phase of the jurisdiction of the Board of Conciliation and Arbitration of Vitoria da Conquista (Bahia, Brazil) brought before the court claims against their employers. It fundamentally seeks to expose and scrutinize the conflicts between young workers and their employers in the workplace and the extension of these conflicts to the courts. Mainly focusing on documents of the Labor Judiciary, the research had as purpose to bring to light the main strategies of negotiation, prosecution and defense used by minor workers, as well as by employers and their lawyers in the intercourse of processes. In addition, the debate on the regional and national procedural labor movement, the settings of labor law in the period of civil-military dictatorship, the nuances of the labor legislation and coeval jurisprudence gained place in the discussion that the thesis has fostered. Refusing a victimizer perspective, the study emphasizes the various outlines of the child/youth labor, the conflicts arising from the relations of work involving the minor workers and their lawsuits in the courts, as well as the important aspects of the economic, legislative and judicial context in Brazil in the period studied. More than a place to request compensations and undertake agreements, this special justice was grounded as a lócus for the record of claims, a gap for the presentation of stories, which had been reserved to the private sphere of the world of work up to then. And so, in addition to the sources of the Labor Judiciary (115 lawsuits), the yearbooks, monographs, encyclopedias, maps and census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the annals of the Federal Senate, records and journals of the International Labor Organization, reports of United Nations International Childrens Emergency Fund (UNICEF), bulletins of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, files of the regional press, the doctrine and notes of jurisprudence published in journals of Labor Law and the bodies of the Labor Court, the laws and decree-laws that have changed the Consolidation of Brazilian Labor Laws (CLT), as well as interviews with lawyers and political authorities of the time, included the list of documents in the research.