Les déficients visuels rencontrent de nombreuses difficultés lors de leur navigation web avec un lecteur d’écran, d’autant plus que les interfaces web deviennent de plus enplus riches de par leurs interactions et leur densité et diversité informationnelles. Cette thèse confronte ainsi 2 approches de l’accessibilité : l’approche dite « exhaustive » quivise à assurer l’accessibilité normative - garantissant l’accès à l’information par l’application de normes - et l’approche dite « holistique » qui vise à assurer l’accessibiliténormative mais également l’accessibilité effective - garantissant l’utilisabilité de l’interface - par la prise en compte du contexte d’utilisation des utilisateurs.Les 2 premières études ont analysé l’activité des utilisateurs déficients visuels qui a donné lieu à un modèle de la navigation web de ces utilisateurs. Ce modèle permet deconcevoir une interface suivant l’approche holistique par la prise en compte de leurs besoins, notamment celui de filtrage des informations non pertinentes et redondantes. Lorsde 3 expérimentations, les déficients visuels ont été confrontés à l'approche exhaustive par la retranscription exhaustive des informations et à l'approche holistique par l’accèsdirect au contenu associé à l’action réalisée. Les résultats montrent le bénéfice substantiel apporté par la version holistique concernant l’allègement de la charge cognitive etl’utilisabilité de l’interface selon les 3 critères : efficacité, efficience et satisfaction. Ainsi, cette thèse fournit des arguments probants pour promouvoir l’approche holistique pourguider la conception d’interfaces et l’élaboration de solutions d’assistance pour cette population. / Visually impaired people face many difficulties when navigating on the web with a screen reader, especially as web interfaces become increasingly rich because of theirdynamic interactions and their informational density and diversity. This thesis compares two approaches to accessibility: the current approach called "exhaustive" which aims toensure normative accessibility - guaranteeing access to information through the application of standards - and the approach called "holistic" which aims to ensure bothnormative and effective accessibility - guaranteeing the usability of the interface - by taking into account the context of its use (difficulties, strategies, needs, etc.).The first 2 studies analysed the activity of visually impaired users resulted in a model of the web navigation of these users. This model allows for designing interfaces followingthe holistic approach by taking into account their needs, especially the filtering of irrelevant and redundant information. In 3 experiments, visually impaired users performedtasks in two versions of websites: a version based on the holistic approach that gives access directly to content associated with the user’s action and a version using theexhaustive approach that transcribes exhaustively all the information present on the screen. The results show substantial benefit provided by the holistic version as regards thecognitive load and the usability of the interface according to 3 criteria: effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction. Thus, this thesis provides cogent arguments promoting theholistic approach in order to guide the design of interfaces and the development of assistance solutions for screen reader users.

Situation Awareness (SA) is critical commodity for teams working in complex sociotechnical systems and is thus a fundamental consideration in collaborative system design and evaluation. Despite this, SA remains predominantly an individual construct, with the majority of models and measures focused on SA from an individual perspective. In comparison, team SA has received much less attention and this thesis argues that further work is required in the area both in relation to the development of theoretical perspectives and of valid measures, and to the development of guidelines for system, training and procedure design. This thesis advances team SA theory and measurement by further investigating a recently proposed model of SA in complex collaborative environments, the Distributed Situation Awareness (DSA) approach, and by testing a new methodology for representing and analysing DSA during real world collaborative activities. A review of SA theory and SA measurement approaches is presented. Following this, the DSA theory and propositional network assessment methodology are outlined and a series of case studies on DSA during real world collaborative activities in the military and civil domains are presented. The findings are subsequently used to explore the concept of DSA and the sub-concepts of compatible and transactive SA. In conclusion, a model of DSA in complex collaborative systems is presented, and a series of system design guidelines for supporting DSA are outlined.

[pt] O presente estudo parte da premissa de que o processo de ensino aprendizagem precisa se ajustar (1) às novas possibilidades educacionais decorrentes da viabilidade legal de oferecer vinte por cento do conteúdo na modalidade semi-presencial; (2) às ferramentas tecnológicas hoje disponíveis e (3) às características de aprendizagem que estudantes desenvolvem pela intensa exposição tecnológica e pelo envolvimento em atividades próprias da área do Design. Esta investigação visa apresentar Diretrizes para um ambiente de aprendizagem baseada em ferramentas de comunicação assíncrona disponibilizadas nas comunidades virtuais de aprendizagem da Instituição A. As abordagens que fundamentam as diretrizes estão ancoradas nas áreas da educação e da ergonomia. O trabalho foi estruturado em quatro momentos. O primeiro constitui-se na fundamentação teórica. O segundo momento circunscreve o estudo de caso realizado no curso de Design da Instituição A. O terceiro momento constitui-se na análise de conteúdo das informações coletadas por meio da técnica Delphi. Por fim, a quarta etapa envolve a estruturação das diretrizes para a aprendizagem Assíncrona no Curso de Design da Instituição A. / [en] This study assumes that the teaching-learning process needs to be adjusted: (1) to the new educational possibilities arising from the legal possibility to offer twenty percent of the content in distance learning, (2) the technological tools available today, and (3 ) the learning characteristics that students develop by the intensive technological exposure and the involvement in Design typical activities. This research aims at presenting a guidelines for learning based on asynchronous communication tools of the virtual learning environment available by the Institution A. The guidelines are anchored in the education and ergonomic areas. The work was structured in four stages. The first constitutes the theoretical approach. The second stage addresses a case study in the design course of the Institution A. The third stage constitutes a content analysis of the information collected through the Delphi technique. Finally, the fourth step involves the structure of the guidelines for asynchronous learning in the Design Course of the Institution A.

No description available.

Smart homes are residences equipped with information and communication technologies that anticipate and respond to the needs of the occupants. Despite the numerous research and industrial efforts, today only few expensive smart homes have been built and sold. The reason behind this slow uptake is the technology-driven approach characterizing existing solutions. The doctoral Thesis aims at demonstrating that a smart home can provide functionalities designed with a user-centered approach, taking into account ergonomic considerations about domestic activity and human cognition. This is achieved in collaboration with cognitive ergonomists, which help "minding the gap" between human context and machine-understandable context. Using off-the-shelf and lightweight instrumentation (also minimizing privacy concerns), extending existing context modeling, reasoning and management tools and following the Ubiquitous Computing principles, the doctoral work led to the following achievements: (i) the inter-disciplinary design of suitable functionalities, in collaboration with cognitive ergonomists; (ii) the design of a context-aware system that captures and reasons about uncertain contextual information in a distributed fashion; (ii) the realization of a working prototype that demonstrates the provision of energy-saving and comfort-preserving functionalities.

Ett produktutvecklingsprojekt som behandlar hur problemen kring en förarmiljös formspråk, reglage och kombinationen av dessa i högre grad kan utformas på ett kognitivtergonomiskt och estetiskt vis med anknytning till varumärke. I projektet utfördes en omfattande studie över nutidens förarmiljöer där flera tydliga trender upptäcktes.  I parallellkurs utfördes ett kognitiv ergonomiskt praktikfall tillsammans med litteratur som förankrat arbetet i att forma tekniken efter människan.  Sedan har projektet fördjupat i estetiska principer och olika studier kring förarmiljöer behandlas.  Konceptframtagningen bestod av tre faser. Där det initialt togs fram en mängd övergripande formspråk. Sedan lades de åt sidan för att utforma manöverdon. Slutligen kombinerades resulterande formspråk med manöverdon till en helhet och ett slutkoncept valdes ur dem. Projektet leder fram till ett konceptförslag genom formspråk, ratt och mittreglage till förarmiljön. Konceptförslag med återkoppling till varumärket, målgrupp, kognitiv ergonomi och estetik. / A product development project that deal with the problem of how a driver environment's design language, controls, and the combination of these to a greater extent can be designed in a cognitive ergonomic and aesthetic way related to the brand. The project was carried out a comprehensive study of contemporary operator environments where several clear trends were detected. In parallel course was conducted a cognitive ergonomic case study together with literature that secured the work in shaping technology for humans. The project has immersed in the aesthetic principles and various studies on driver environments have been treated. The development concept consisted of three phases. Initially a wide range of comprehensive design language was developed. Then they were put aside to design the actuators. Finally the resulting design with actuators combined into a whole which an end concept was chosen from. The project leads to design documentation through form-language, steering wheel and center controls for a driving environment. Design documentation with feedback to the brand, audience, cognitive ergonomics and aesthetics.

Les maisons intelligentes sont des habitations équipées de technologies de l'information et de la communication qui anticipent et répondent aux besoins des occupants. Malgré les nombreux travaux et solutions existants, seulement peu d'exemplaires de maisons intelligentes ont été construits et vendus. La raison cachée derrière cette lente diffusion est l'orientation technologique des approches existantes. Cette thèse de doctorat vise à démontrer qu'une maison intelligente peut fournir des fonctionnalités conçues avec une approche centrée utilisateur, en prenant en compte de considérations ergonomiques sur l'activité domestique et sur la cognition humaine. Ceci est réalisé en collaboration avec des ergonomes cognitifs, qui aident à "prendre garde" à l'écart entre le contexte humain et le contexte compréhensible par une machine. En utilisant une instrumentation légère, qui minimise les problèmes d'acceptabilité et de protection de la vie privée, ce travail de thèse a mené aux contributions suivantes: (i) la conception interdisciplinaire de fonctionnalités adaptées, en collaboration avec des ergonomes cognitifs; (ii) la conception d'un système sensible au contexte qui capture et raisonne sur des informations contextuelles incertaines de façon distribuée; (iii) la réalisation d'un prototype qui démontre la fourniture de fonctionnalités qui réalisent des économies d'énergie, tout en préservant le confort des habitants. / Smart homes are residences equipped with information and communication technologies that anticipate and respond to the needs of the occupants. Despite the numerous research and industrial efforts, today only few expensive smart homes have been built and sold. The reason behind this slow uptake is the technology-driven approach characterizing existing solutions. The doctoral Thesis aims at demonstrating that a smart home can provide functionalities designed with a user-centered approach, taking into account ergonomic considerations about domestic activity and human cognition. This is achieved in collaboration with cognitive ergonomists, which help "minding the gap" between human context and machine-understandable context. Using off-the-shelf and lightweight instrumentation (also minimizing privacy concerns), extending existing context modeling, reasoning and management tools and following the Ubiquitous Computing principles, the doctoral work led to the following achievements: (i) the inter-disciplinary design of suitable functionalities, in collaboration with cognitive ergonomists; (ii) the design of a context-aware system that captures and reasons about uncertain contextual information in a distributed fashion; (ii) the realization of a working prototype that demonstrates the provision of energy-saving and comfort-preserving functionalities.

Submitted by GUSTAVO DE ANDRADE SILVA (obscuremetaller@gmail.com) on 2018-10-09T01:43:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mestrado - Gustavo de Andrade SIlva.pdf: 6925468 bytes, checksum: 967cb2ee2e821188542fb5b1fb5af49f (MD5) / Rejected by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: 1 - Inserir no corpo do texto a ficha catalográfica, pois é um ítem obrigatório. 2 - Inserir no corpo do texto a cópia da ata de defesa, pois é um ítem obrigatório. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-10-09T12:05:19Z (GMT) / Submitted by GUSTAVO DE ANDRADE SILVA (obscuremetaller@gmail.com) on 2018-10-09T15:27:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mestrado - Gustavo de Andrade SIlva.pdf: 7092505 bytes, checksum: 841cdeae95494c0f93e55115aa751924 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-10-09T16:59:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ga_me_bauru.pdf: 7092505 bytes, checksum: 841cdeae95494c0f93e55115aa751924 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-09T16:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ga_me_bauru.pdf: 7092505 bytes, checksum: 841cdeae95494c0f93e55115aa751924 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-30 / O relógio inteligente é um novo tipo de eletrônico para o punho com funcionalidades idênticas as de um celular, que também é utilizado por motoristas durante a tarefa de condução do veículo, representando uma nova forma de distração do motorista, e risco aumentado de acidentes no trânsito; uma demanda da ergonomia cognitiva. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o efeito do uso de relógio inteligente sobre motoristas experientes e novatos durante a condução simulada de automóvel, na tarefa de seguir o automóvel à frente, através da análise de movimento dos olhos, da cabeça e do desempenho na condução. Vinte motoristas experientes (EXP) e vinte motoristas novatos (NOV) realizaram a tarefa de seguir um carro à frente por um percurso de 2 km em quatro condições: somente seguir o carro (CAR), seguir o carro e receber uma notificação de texto no relógio inteligente (NOT), seguir o carro que freará de modo inesperado e brusco (FRE) e seguir o carro que freará de modo inesperado e brusco e, adicionalmente, receber uma notificação de texto (FNOT). Os dados do olhar, da cabeça e do desempenho na condução do automóvel foram submetidos à análise de variância de grupo (EXP, NOV) por condição de freada (CAR, FRE) por condição de notificação (NOT, FNOT) por tentativa (1, 2, 3). O desempenho da condução de veículo foi afetado pela freada do carro à frente e pelo uso do relógio inteligente ao receber notificação. Ao receber uma notificação no relógio, mudava-se o foco atencional do trânsito para realizar a leitura de texto, aumentando as chances de ocorrência de acidente. Experientes e novatos apresentaram diferentes estratégias para viabilizar a leitura do texto no relógio; experientes mostraram-se mais eficientes, mas ambos grupos desviaram o olhar da pista em detrimento da atenção, o que resultou em condição de risco. / Smartwatch is a new kind of electronic to be worn on the wrist with features similar to those of mobile phones, they are also being used by drivers during their driving task, representing a new form of distraction for drivers and increasing chances of traffic accidents. The goal of this project is to determine the use effect of smartwatches on experienced and novice drivers while driving on a simulated driving task following a vehicle ahead, through the analysis of eye and head movement and driving performance in a driving simulator. Twenty experienced drivers (EXP) and twenty novice drivers (NOV) will follow a car ahead for 2 kilometers in four conditions: follow a car ahead (CAR), follow a car ahead and receive a text message notification on the smartwatch (NOT), follow a car ahead that brakes abruptly (FRE) and follow a car ahead and receive a text message notification on the smartwatch while the car ahead brakes abruptly (FNOT). The gaze, head movement and driving performance data will be subjected to group variance analysis (EXP, NOV), with or without braking (CAR, FRE), with or without smartwatch notification (NOT, FNOT) and by trial (1, 2, 3). The diver’s performance showed to be affected by the car’s ahead braking and by the use of smartwatch during reading tasks. Attentional focus was shifted away from the road to the smartwatch when drivers tried to perform the reading task, thus increasing the chances of an accident. Experienced and novice drivers used different strategies to perform the reading task while driving; experienced drivers were more efficient but both groups shifted their gaze away from the road in detriment of their attention to the traffic, which resulted in risk conditions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3683.pdf: 1656161 bytes, checksum: 4370a1447dc3a35ca039441a5aa052d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-05 / This work presents collaborations of the ergonomics for the virtual learning environment, for its configuration and its use, seeking the inclusion of people with visual disabilities. These collaborations go along with the cognitive principles of ergonomics in which the focus is on the aspects of the usability and accessibility of interfaces of such environments. The virtual learning environment used was Moodle which is applied at Universidade Federal de São Carlos in order to offer distance education courses and where a visually impaired student takes subjects from the technological sugar-cane alcohol production course. The aim of this work is to analyse the interfaces under the view of accessibility, usability and ergonomics so as to facilitate the usage of the virtual learning environment from visually disabled students, contributing to the improvement of the UFSCar‟s distance education system, providing opportunity of inclusion to people with visual disabilities concerning distance education. / RESUMO Este trabalho apresenta colaborações da ergonomia para o projeto de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem, para a sua configuração e sua utilização, buscando a inclusão de pessoas com deficiência visual. Essas colaborações estão perfiladas com os princípios ergonômicos cognitivos, em que o recorte do trabalho recai sobre os aspectos de usabilidade e acessibilidade de interfaces desses ambientes. O ambiente virtual de aprendizagem utilizado foi o Moodle, implantado na Universidade Federal de São Carlos para a oferta de cursos na modalidade a distância, utilizado por um deficiente visual em disciplinas ofertadas no curso de tecnologia em produção sucroalcooleira. A atenção desse trabalho está voltada para uma análise das interfaces sob a óptica de acessibilidade, usabilidade e ergonomia, com o objetivo de facilitar o deficiente visual a utilizar o ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, contribuindo para aprimorar o sistema de ensino a distância da UFSCar, dando oportunidade para a inclusão de deficientes visuais na educação a distância.

Submitted by Claudemilson dos Santos (claudemilson.unesp@gmail.com) on 2018-05-04T19:29:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE CLAUDEMILSON 2018 PUBLICADA.pdf: 5622961 bytes, checksum: 79c0398762c5c1699e1955254be82faf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-05-07T17:46:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ c_ dr_bauru.pdf: 5611478 bytes, checksum: 24a4edf7aac9b1a4496e22587ac9e2e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-07T17:46:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ c_ dr_bauru.pdf: 5611478 bytes, checksum: 24a4edf7aac9b1a4496e22587ac9e2e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-14 / Esta tese consiste num estudo que visou avaliar o impacto da aplicação da anamorfose no redesenho da sinalização de trânsito horizontal, cuja hipótese supõe que pode melhorar a percepção dos motoristas para essa categoria de sinalização de trânsito. Anamorfose é o nome que se dá para o desenho em perspectiva cônica cujo plano de projeção não é perpendicular à linha de visada. O plano de projeção pode se dividir em várias superfícies e formas, a imagem projetada se distorce até ficar irreconhecível; mas quando observado do ponto de vista pré-determinado, a imagem se forma novamente. Na sinalização de trânsito horizontal a anamorfose é utilizada para simular uma aparência tridimensional aos sinais de trânsito horizontais, denominada como Sinalização Horizontal Anamórfica (SHA). A base teórica, que se fundamentou nos princípios do design ergonômico e nas teorias da percepção e do comportamento humano; está expressa numa revisão que buscou compilar e discutir a relação entre as diversas áreas do conhecimento humano e o sistema de percepção visual no trânsito, e analisando-se o problema de pesquisa de diversos pontos de vista, buscando-se concordâncias, discordâncias e avanços nas ciências que estudam o comportamento humano. Para encontrar evidências que pudessem comprovar ou refutar a hipótese, foi realizado um experimento de desenvolvimento e aplicação de uma SHA em um trecho urbano simulado e comparou-se a taxa de percepção dos motoristas que por ela passaram com os que passaram por uma sinalização convencional. A sinalização horizontal utilizada para a pesquisa foi a legenda DEVAGAR, pois há estudos anteriores que detectaram índices de percepção muito baixos. Os resultados do teste revelou haver diferença significativa na taxa de percepção dos dois grupos. A discrepância entre os dois grupos pode significar que a SHA exerce algum efeito sobre a percepção visual do motorista. Os resultados revelaram que os motoristas que utilizarem o trecho contendo a SHA terão possibiidade maior de perceberem a sinalização do que os grupos que não continham a SHA, pois os testes estatísticos realizados comprovaram o aumento significativo de motoristas que perceberam a sinalização horizontal anamórfica em relação à sinalização convencional. / This thesis consists of a study that aimed to evaluate the impact of the application of anamorphosis on the redesign of horizontal traffic signs, whose hypothesis supposes that it can improve the perception of the drivers for this category of traffic signaling. Anamorphosis is the name given to the conical perspective drawing whose projection plane is not perpendicular to the line of sight. The projection plane can divide into several surfaces and shapes, the projected image distorts until it is unrecognizable; but when viewed from the predetermined point of view, the image is formed again. In horizontal traffic signaling the anamorphosis is used to simulate a three-dimensional appearance to the horizontal traffic signals, denominated Horizontal Anamorphic Signaling (SHA - from potuguese "Sinalização Horizontal Anamórfica). The theoretical basis, which was based on the principles of ergonomic design and theories of human perception and behavior; is expressed in a review that sought to compile and discuss the relationship between the various areas of human knowledge and the system of visual perception in traffic, and analyzing the research problem from different points of view, seeking concordances, disagreements and advances in sciences that study human behavior. To find evidence that could prove or disprove the hypothesis, an experiment was carried out to develop and apply an SHA in a simulated urban stretch, comparing the perception rate of the drivers that passed with those who passed through a conventional signaling. The horizontal signaling used for the research was the legend DEVAGAR, since there have been previous studies that detected very low indices of perception. The results of the test revealed that there was a significant difference in the perception rate of the two groups. The discrepancy between the two groups may mean that SHA has some effect on the driver's visual perception. The results showed that drivers using the SHA stretch will have a greater possibility of perceiving the signaling than the groups that did not contain SHA, since the statistical tests performed showed a significant increase in drivers who perceived the anamorphic horizontal signaling in relation to the conventional signaling.