Over the last decade, a confluence of strategic and security concerns has threatened the European Union’s survival both within and beyond its political dimension. As a result, security and defence have risen to the top of the EU’s political agenda, culminating in the approval of the EU Global Strategy (EUGS) in 2016. The EUGS represented a watershed moment in the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy: the EU agreed on ambitious levels of security and defence. The new policy is based on supporting capacity building among member states through instruments such as PESCO. Nonetheless, these instruments have caused variations in patterns of member state behaviour that have enhanced defense integration. This research aims to understand what was the PESCO institutional effect on Member States' preferences and how it has affected the European security and defense goals. The research highlights the role of European agencies and how they contributed to solve collective action problem through a ‘forum effect' on participants, using pro-actively the task of assessing co-operative projects proposals. As a result, PESCO’s institutional effect led to cooperative outcomes between nations that allowed them to overcome coordination dilemmas, namely uncertainty about the willingness to contribute to a common project, which is typical of defense cooperation. Here, we used Rational Choice Institutionalism theory to investigate the PESCO project structure and its interaction with the European Defence policy. Cooperation between participating member states is presented within a cooperative game action, as part of a theoretical approach to game theory. It explains formally how PESCO entails elements to overcome collective action problem among participating member states, while emphasising the institutional design that promoted the European interests, and how this has led to more Europeanised security and defence. Findings are interpreted under the Differentiated integration concept.

Cette thèse s'appuie sur une constatation à la fois troublante et paradoxale : augmenter la sensibilisation du public et combler les lacunes de connaissances sur les défis liés aux changements climatiques ne parviennent pas nécessairement à susciter un engagement accru en faveur de l’environnement et du climat, et peuvent même le compromettre dans certains cas. Si la sensibilisation ne suffit pas à catalyser l'action pour le climat et l’appui aux politiques climatiques, la question demeure : quels sont les véritables moteurs de l'engagement? Pour tenter de résoudre cette énigme, cette thèse fusionne les idées de trois avancées clés en psychologie sociale, et teste leur potentiel pour faire progresser l'engagement envers les changements climatiques au Canada. Le premier article examine comment différentes audiences au sein de la population canadienne pensent par rapport à l’environnement et aux changements climatiques, et explore si et comment le niveau d'engagement de l'audience modère l'effet de divers messages sur le soutien à la tarification du carbone. En analysant les données recueillies lors d'un sondage à probabilité aléatoire mené en octobre 2017 auprès d'adultes canadiens, cet article montre que la population canadienne peut être divisée en cinq segments distincts, offrant des cibles potentielles pour communiquer autour de la tarification du carbone. En étendant les conclusions de la littérature sur la segmentation de l'audience au cas canadien, et en explorant la façon dont chaque segment répond à différents messages sur la taxe carbone, cette étude souligne l'importance des données basées sur l'audience pour la recherche, la politique et la communication sur l’environnement et le climat, tout en jetant les bases pour de futures recherches visant à adapter les messages à différents publics. Le deuxième article examine comment les messages négatifs et positifs influencent les émotions et l'action climatique chez divers publics au sein du mouvement environnemental canadien. S'appuyant sur une enquête par panel auprès de membres d'ONG environnementales au Canada (N = 308) menée en 2019 et 2021, cette étude montre que les messages négatifs sur le changement climatique (par exemple, sonner le "code rouge pour l'humanité") peuvent être moins mobilisateurs que les messages positifs, même lorsque le message s'adresse à des publics relativement engagés et qu'il est suivi de la possibilité de prendre une action concrète et efficace. Ces résultats mettent en évidence le rôle que le cadrage du message peut jouer pour surmonter les défis cognitifs et émotionnels de la communication sur le changement climatique, tout en soulignant l'importance d'inspirer les gens avec des messages optimistes. Le troisième article examine le rôle de l'identité sociale dans la prédiction des intentions de mobilisation pour un changement au niveau du système (par rapport à un changement au niveau individuel) au sein de divers publics d'activistes et de non-activistes. S'appuyant sur deux enquêtes en ligne menées en 2021 et 2022 auprès d'un échantillon de partisans de Greenpeace Canada (N=1 394) et du public canadien (N=1 514), cette étude fournit des preuves empiriques suggérant que l'identité sociale peut jouer un rôle important dans l'explication de l'action collective, tout en soulignant l'importance de considérer soigneusement les publics lorsqu’on cherche à mobiliser en faveur d’un changement systémique. En offrant un test empirique du rôle de l'identité sociale dans la prédiction de l'action collective parmi divers publics, cet article offre une nouvelle perspective sur la façon dont les conditions individuelles et sociales peuvent interagir et agir ensemble pour favoriser la mobilisation environnementale. Ces résultats suggèrent que la communication et les interventions sur les changements climatiques sont susceptibles d'échouer si elles ne sont pas informées par des données empiriques basées sur une compréhension approfondie de l’audience. Cependant, comme le démontre cette dissertation, tirer parti des connaissances de la psychologie sociale peut aider à surmonter plusieurs des défis associés à la mobilisation du public sur les changements climatiques. / Paradoxically, increasing public awareness and addressing knowledge gaps about the causes and consequences of climate change are not sufficient to spur climate change engagement and may even undermine it in some circumstances. But if raising awareness about the issue is not enough to motivate climate action and support for climate policy, the question remains as to what will. To help address this puzzle, this dissertation fuses insights from three key findings in social psychology and tests their potential for advancing climate change engagement in Canada. The first article examines how unique audience segments within the Canadian population think about climate change and explores whether and how the level of audience engagement moderates the effect of various messages on support for carbon pricing. Analyzing data collected from a random probability survey of adult Canadians conducted in October 2017, this article shows that the Canadian population can be divided into five distinct segments, offering potential targets for communicating about carbon pricing. By extending the findings from the audience segmentation literature to the Canadian case and exploring how each segment responds to different messages about carbon taxes, this study emphasizes the importance of audience-based data for climate research, policy and communication while laying the groundwork for future research aimed at tailoring messages for different audiences. The second article examines how negative and positive messaging influence emotional arousal and climate action across unique audiences within Canada’s environmental movement. Drawing on a two-wave panel survey of Canadian environmentalist NGO members (N = 308) conducted in 2019 and 2021, this study shows that negative messages about climate change (e.g. sounding “code red for humanity”) can be less mobilizing than positive messaging, even when the message is directed toward relatively engaged audiences and followed by the opportunity to take specific and effective action. This finding highlights the role message framing may play in overcoming the cognitive and emotional challenges of climate change communication while further emphasizing the importance of inspiring people with optimistic messages. The third article examines the role of social identity in predicting intentions to mobilize for system change across diverse audiences of activists and non-activists. Drawing on two online surveys conducted in 2021 and 2022 with samples of Greenpeace Canada supporters (N = 1,394) and the Canadian public (N = 1,514), this study provides empirical evidence that social identity can be a powerful predictor of collective action intention and emphasizes the importance of integrating notions of audiences and group goals into existing social identity models of collective action. By offering an empirical test for the role of social identity in predicting collective action among diverse audiences, this article offers a fresh perspective on how individual and social conditions can interact and work together to foster environmental mobilization. These findings suggest that climate change communication and interventions are likely to fail if not informed by context-relevant, empirical, audience-based data. However, as this dissertation demonstrates, leveraging insights from social psychology can help overcome many of the challenges associated with engaging the public on climate change.

Eastern African countries have been confronted with forest landscape degradation and the consequently growing gap between the supply and demand of wood products. Small-scale farmers growing trees on farm have been increasingly acknowledged as a major wood supplier. Value chain analysis studies pointed out the challenges faced by the smallholders, as they are commonly engaged in informal wood markets, associated with weaker bargaining power and market asymmetry. From the Social and Solidarity Economy lens, collective action approaches through farmers’ organizations can counter the challenges of individual smallholders, while facilitating the upgrading of wood value chains. Thus, the objective of this dissertation was to analyze the (potential) roles of forest farmers’ organizations (FFOs) in wood value chain upgrading, with two case studies in Ethiopia and Tanzania. Through a systematic literature review worldwide, the study first sought to provide a knowledge base for FFO research grounded on (i) the policy context within which FFOs operate, and (ii) the typology of their performance with reference to resource mobilization, commercialization of wood products and benefit sharing mechanisms. Value chain analyses of wood products from smallholders each in Ethiopia and Tanzania were the point of departure for the empirical work, consequently treated as the case studies. A collective of smallholders and individual smallholders were embedded as the units of analysis in the two independent case studies. The two-country study setting permitted the analytical generalization of collective action approaches to value chain upgrading and the development of a research agenda and policy recommendations. Grounded on the value chain upgrading approach, FFO business models were co-developed to assess the interlinkages between the business model and (i) the organizational governance and (ii) the implications on wood value chain upgrading. Participatory workshops with existing farmers’ organizations were conducted to co-develop the business models, while focus group discussions and key informant interviews served to frame and triangulate the contextual conditions. Semi-structured household interviews were employed to examine the perception of FFOs and the main factors influencing farmers’ willingness to participate. Binary logistic regression analysis and descriptive statistics were employed in tandem with thematic analysis to analyze the data. The global review represented 57 FFOs distributed globally across 20 countries, which were manifested as associations, cooperatives, and small- and medium-sized enterprises. Research in FFOs has gained scholarly traction in the last three decades, emphasizing the emerging trend of smallholders managing forest farm forestry plots across the tropics. The review revealed three categories of FFOs, depending on the extent of the organization’s product portfolio, the value addition captured at the organizational level, and the linkages to market channels. The empirical findings revealed that southern Ethiopia and southern Tanzania had contrasting regulatory framework for the establishment of FFOs. Given the existing foreign donor program targeted at smallholders in Tanzania, institutional and financial start-up support exist. In both cases, farmers were able to envisage an FFO business model that would allow product and process upgrading of wood value chains. The FFO was perceived differently across the two cases. The Ethiopian case study referred to it as a tree marketing cooperative, which shall facilitate the production of members’ woodlots and the commercialization of wood products of members and non-members alike at a timber yard in a nearby urban area. The Tanzanian case study termed it as a tree growers’ association, which shall facilitate the production of members’ wood and non-wood products, and the commercialization of members’ sawn timber to existing traders. Achieving functional upgrading would necessitate concerted efforts by various governmental and non-governmental stakeholders. The household interviews revealed that 74% (n = 185) and 90% (n = 190) of smallholders would be willing to participate in an FFO in the Ethiopian and Tanzanian case, respectively. In Ethiopia, farmers perceived it as a collective wood marketing enterprise. A relatively small group size with substantial monetary contribution characterize farmers’ preferences to undertake a joint business on wood marketing. In Tanzania, the perception of a tree growers’ association centered on social learning elements to improve wood production and find alternative buyers, while regulating fire incidences. In both cases, the significant factors influencing farmers’ willingness to participate were (1) household socio-economic characteristics, e.g. household head’s age group or household size; and (2) experiences with tree growing activities, e.g. price satisfaction in the last sales or difficulty in market access. The synthesis permitted the derivation of the following conceptual assertion: that FFOs have the potential in upgrading the wood value chains, as long as farmers can envision a business model of an FFO that accommodates the factors influencing farmers’ willingness to participate. Overall, the study demonstrates the changing narratives of farmers’ organizations in the study countries and contributes to the commons-cooperative alliance theory – the integration of collective action and cooperative management. Furthermore, the key findings provide the groundwork to springboard future research avenues, specifically to test the derived assumptions, and recommendations for policy and development. / Die ostafrikanischen Länder sind mit der Degradierung der Waldlandschaft und der daraus resultierenden wachsenden Kluft zwischen Angebot und Nachfrage nach Holzprodukten konfrontiert. Kleinbauern, die auf ihren Höfen Bäume anbauen, werden zunehmend als wichtige Holzlieferanten anerkannt. In Studien zur Analyse von Wertschöpfungsketten wurde auf die Herausforderungen hingewiesen, mit denen die Kleinbauern konfrontiert sind, da sie in der Regel auf informellen Holzmärkten tätig sind, die mit einer schwächeren Verhandlungsposition und Marktasymmetrie verbunden sind. Aus der Sicht der Sozial- und Solidarökonomie können kollektive Handlungsansätze durch Bauernorganisationen den Herausforderungen einzelner Kleinbauern begegnen und gleichzeitig die Aufwertung von Holzwertschöpfungsketten erleichtern. Ziel dieser Dissertation war es daher, die (potenzielle) Rolle von Waldbauernorganisationen (FFOs) bei der Aufwertung von Holzwertschöpfungsketten anhand von zwei Fallstudien in Äthiopien und Tansania zu analysieren. Durch eine systematische weltweite Literaturrecherche versuchte die Studie zunächst eine Wissensbasis für die FFO-Forschung zu schaffen, die sich auf (i) den politischen Kontext, in dem FFOs agieren, und (ii) die Typologie ihrer Leistungen in Bezug auf Ressourcenmobilisierung, Kommerzialisierung von Holzprodukten und Mechanismen zum Gewinnausgleich stützt. Ausgangspunkt für die empirische Arbeit waren Wertschöpfungskettenanalysen von Holzprodukten von Kleinbauern in Äthiopien und Tansania, die folglich als Fallstudien behandelt wurden. Ein Kollektiv von Kleinbauern und einzelne Kleinbauern wurden als Analyseeinheiten in die beiden unabhängigen Fallstudien eingebettet. Der Rahmen der Zwei-Länder-Studie ermöglichte die analytische Verallgemeinerung von kollektiven Handlungsansätzen zur Verbesserung der Wertschöpfungskette und die Entwicklung einer Forschungsagenda und politischer Empfehlungen. Auf der Grundlage des Ansatzes zur Aufwertung der Wertschöpfungskette wurden gemeinsam FFO-Geschäftsmodelle entwickelt, um die Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Geschäftsmodell und (i) der Organisationsführung und (ii) den Auswirkungen auf die Aufwertung der Wertschöpfungskette für Holz zu bewerten. Zur gemeinsamen Entwicklung der Geschäftsmodelle wurden partizipative Workshops mit bestehenden Bauernorganisationen durchgeführt, während Fokusgruppendiskussionen und Interviews mit Schlüsselinformanten dazu dienten, die Kontextbedingungen zu erfassen und zu triangulieren. Halbstrukturierte Haushaltsbefragungen wurden eingesetzt, um die Wahrnehmung der FFOs und die wichtigsten Faktoren, die die Bereitschaft der Landwirte zur Teilnahme beeinflussen, zu untersuchen. Zur Analyse der Daten wurden binäre logistische Regressionsanalysen und deskriptive Statistiken in Verbindung mit einer thematischen Analyse eingesetzt. Die globale Untersuchung umfasste 57 FFOs in 20 Ländern, die in Form von Verbänden, Genossenschaften sowie kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen organisiert sind. Die Forschung zu FFOs hat in den letzten drei Jahrzehnten an wissenschaftlicher Bedeutung gewonnen, wobei der aufkommende Trend zu Kleinbauern, die in den Tropen forstwirtschaftliche Flächen bewirtschaften, hervorgehoben wurde. Die Untersuchung ergab drei Kategorien von FFOs, je nach Umfang des Produktportfolios der Organisation, der Wertschöpfung auf Organisationsebene und der Anbindung an Marktkanäle. Die empirischen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Süden Äthiopiens und der Süden Tansanias unterschiedliche rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen für die Gründung von FFOs haben. Angesichts des bestehenden Programms ausländischer Geber, das auf Kleinbauern in Tansania abzielt, gibt es institutionelle und finanzielle Starthilfe. In beiden Fällen waren die Landwirte in der Lage, sich ein FFO-Geschäftsmodell vorzustellen, das eine Produkt- und Prozessverbesserung der Holzwertschöpfungsketten ermöglichen würde. Die FFO wurde in den beiden Fällen unterschiedlich wahrgenommen. In der äthiopischen Fallstudie wurde sie als Baumvermarktungsgenossenschaft bezeichnet, die die Produktion der Holzflächen der Mitglieder und die Vermarktung der Holzprodukte von Mitgliedern und Nichtmitgliedern auf einem Holzlagerplatz in einem nahe gelegenen städtischen Gebiet erleichtern soll. Die tansanische Fallstudie bezeichnete sie als eine Baumzüchtervereinigung, die die Produktion von Holz- und Nichtholzprodukten der Mitglieder und die Vermarktung des Schnittholzes der Mitglieder an bestehende Händler erleichtern soll. Um eine funktionale Aufwertung zu erreichen, bedarf es konzertierter Anstrengungen verschiedener staatlicher und nichtstaatlicher Akteure. Die Haushaltsbefragungen ergaben, dass 74% (n = 185) bzw. 90% (n = 190) der Kleinbauern in Äthiopien und Tansania bereit wären, sich an einer FFO zu beteiligen. In Äthiopien verstanden die Landwirte die FFO als kollektives Holzvermarktungsunternehmen. Eine relativ kleine Gruppengröße und ein erheblicher finanzieller Beitrag kennzeichnen die Präferenzen der Landwirte für ein gemeinsames Holzvermarktungsunternehmen. In Tansania konzentrierte sich die Wahrnehmung einer Baumzüchtervereinigung auf Elemente des sozialen Lernens, um die Holzproduktion zu verbessern, alternative Abnehmer zu finden und gleichzeitig das Auftreten von Bränden einzudämmen. In beiden Fällen waren die wichtigsten Faktoren, die die Bereitschaft der Landwirte zur Teilnahme beeinflussten, (1) sozioökonomische Merkmale des Haushalts, z. B. die Altersgruppe des Haushaltsvorstands oder die Haushaltsgröße, und (2) Erfahrungen mit Baumzuchtaktivitäten, z. B. die Preiszufriedenheit beim letzten Verkauf oder Schwierigkeiten beim Marktzugang. Die Synthese ermöglichte die Ableitung der folgenden konzeptionellen Behauptung: FFOs habe das Potenzial, die Wertschöpfungsketten im Holzsektor aufzuwerten, sofern sich die Landwirte ein Geschäftsmodell für ein FFO vorstellen können, das die Faktoren in Betracht zieht, die die Bereitschaft der Landwirte zur Teilnahme beeinflussen. Insgesamt zeigt die Studie die sich wandelnden Narrative von Bauernorganisationen in den Studienländern auf und leistet einen Beitrag zur Theorie der Allmende-Kooperation - der Integration von kollektivem Handeln und genossenschaftlichem Management. Darüber hinaus bilden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse die Grundlage für künftige Forschungsansätze, insbesondere für die Überprüfung der abgeleiteten Annahmen, sowie für Empfehlungen für Entscheidungsträger.

This dissertation is about economic resilience of local governments to natural disasters. Specifically, the dissertation investigates resilience on regional level. Moreover, the dissertation also investigates growth in the green job sector in local governments. The findings indicate that local governments working with each other helps green job creation. In addition, the dissertation finds that green jobs, following disasters, experience three percent growth. This dissertation is important because it investigates the relationship between climate- related disasters and green jobs, which is an area that is under-investigated.

No description available.

No / The article aims to provide a synthesis of key discussions within scholarship that is critical of Mainstream Institutionalism. It adopts a thematic approach to chart debate and areas of convergence about key issues. The first section of the article briefly charts the rise to prominence of the mainstream 'collective action' school. Each of the themes identified as central to the alternative critical approach is then examined in turn. These are the 'homogenous community' critique, the avoidance of politics critique (further divided into ideational politics and politics of local empowerment) and the sociological critique. The article concludes by reflecting on the challenge of 'making complexity legible' that faces the nascent critical tradition in institutional analysis.

In the first section of the dissertation, strike law in the Netherlands is focused upon. The following issues are inter alia dealt with: the historical background of the strike phenomenon, the right to strike and restrictions on this right, the reluctance of the Dutch legislature to legislate in the field of industrial action, and the directly applicable provisions of the European Social Charter. The second section of the dissertation deals with South African strike law and also starts off with a discussion of the historical background thereof, whereafter the provisions of the 1995 Labour Relations Act are analysed and discussed. The third and last section highlights some of the major differences and points to some similarities between the two legal systems. It concludes that the detailed South African labour legislation does not provide more certainty than the Dutch judge-made law in respect of the law relating to strikes. / Law / LL.M.

Progress towards sustainability requires changes in our individual and collective behaviour. Yet, our fundamental understanding of behaviour in relation to environmental change remains severely limited. In particular, little attention has been given to how individual and collective behaviours respond to, and are shaped by, non-linear environmental change (such as ‘regime shifts’) and its inherent uncertainties. The thesis makes two main contributions to the literature: 1) it provides one of the first accounts of human behaviour and collective action in relation to ecological regime shifts and associated uncertainties; and 2) extends the incipient behavioural common-pool resource literature that acknowledges social-ecological dynamics and ecological complexity. The overarching aim of this thesis is to further advance an empirically grounded understanding of human behaviour in social-ecological systems. In particular, the thesis attempts to unravel critical social-ecological factors and mechanisms for the sustainability of common-pool resources. This is especially relevant for contexts in which livelihoods can be more directly threatened by regime shifts. The following methods are applied: behavioural economic experiments in the lab (with students; Papers I and II) and in the field (with small-scale fishers from four different communities in the Colombian Caribbean; Paper III), and agent-based modelling empirically informed by a subset of the lab experiments (Paper IV). Paper I tests the effect of an endogenously driven regime shift on the emergence of cooperation and sustainable resource use. Paper II tests the effect of different risk levels of such a regime shift. The regime shift in both papers has negative consequences for the productivity of the shared resource. Paper III assesses the effect of different degrees of uncertainty about a climate-induced threshold in stock dynamics on the exploitation patterns; as well as the role of social and ecological local context. Paper IV explores critical individual-level factors and processes affecting the simultaneous emergence of collective action and sustainable resource use. Results cumulatively suggest that existing scientific knowledge indicating the potential for ecological regime shifts should be communicated to affected local communities, including the remaining uncertainties, as this information can encourage collective action for sustainable resource use. Results also highlight the critical role of ecological knowledge, knowledge-sharing, perceived ecological uncertainties, and the role local contexts play for sustainable outcomes. This thesis enriches the literature on social-ecological systems by demonstrating how a behavioural experimental approach can contribute new insights relevant for sustainability. Overall, these insights indicate that, given the opportunity and the willingness of people to come together, share knowledge, exchange ideas, and build trust, potential ecological crises can encourage collective action, and uncertainties can be turned into opportunities for dealing with change in constructive ways. This provides a hopeful outlook in the face of escalating environmental change and inherent uncertainties. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.</p>

Much of the scholarly literature on Indigenous media relations frames Indigenous peoples as passive players in the mainstream media, and focuses on negative elements such as stereotypes. This thesis challenges this view, finding that Indigenous peoples in Canada actively and strategically engage with mainstream and social media as they forward their social and political agendas. This thesis provides an analysis of the counter-colonial narrative in Canada by offering a new perspective on Indigenous media relations, focusing as a case on the Idle No More movement. Emphasizing three dimensions of communication--the mainstream print media, social media, and individuals involved in Indigenous media relations--I examine the ways in which Indigenous agency and empowerment have the potential to change discourses in the media. As sources of insight I draw on a discourse analysis of mainstream news media, a qualitative analysis of social media and on interviews with those who have significant experience in Indigenous media relations. Interviews with prominent media personalities and individuals involved in media relations (including CBC’s Duncan McCue and Janet Rogers; Four Host Nations CEO Tewanee Joseph, and others) illustrate the novel and impactful ways indigenous peoples in Canada are actively and strategically shaping the mainstream media. These representations create a more complex picture of Indigenous peoples as they counter the stereotyped or victimized media narratives within which Indigenous peoples have historically been placed. / Graduate / 0327 / 0708 / 0391 / tiahiltz@uvic.ca

À l’ère de la mondialisation institutionnelle des sociétés modernes, alors que la confluence d’une myriade d’influences à la fois micro et macro-contextuelles complexifient le panorama sociopolitique international, l’intégration de l’idéal participatif par les processus de démocratisation de la santé publique acquiert l’apparence d’une stratégie organisationnelle promouvant la cohésion des multiples initiatives qui se tissent simultanément aux échelles locale et globale. L’actualisation constante des savoirs contemporains par les divers secteurs sociétaux ainsi que la perception sociale de différents risques conduisent à la prise de conscience des limites de la compétence technique des systèmes experts associés au domaine de la santé et des services sociaux. La santé publique, une des responsables légitimes de la gestion des risques modernes à l’échelle internationale, fait la promotion de la création d’espaces participatifs permettant l’interaction mutuelle d’acteurs intersectoriels et de savoirs multiples constamment modifiables. Il s’agit là d’une stratégie de relocalisation institutionnelle de l’action collective afin de rétablir la confiance envers la fiabilité des représentants de la santé publique internationale, qui ne répondent que partiellement aux besoins actuels de la sécurité populationnelle. Dans ce contexte, les conseils locaux de santé (CLS), mis en place à l’échelle internationale dans le cadre des politiques régionales de décentralisation des soins de santé primaires (SSP), représentent ainsi des espaces participatifs intéressants qui renferment dans leur fonctionnement tout un univers de forces de tension paradoxales. Ils nous permettent d’examiner la relation de caractère réciproque existant entre, d’une part, une approche plus empirique par l’analyse en profondeur des pratiques participatives (PP) plus spécifiques et, d’autre part, une compréhension conceptuelle de la mondialisation institutionnelle qui définit les tendances expansionnistes très générales des sociétés contemporaines. À l’aide du modèle de la transition organisationnelle (MTO), nous considérons que les PP intégrées à la gouverne des CLS sont potentiellement porteuses de changement organisationnel, dans le sens où elles sont la condition et la conséquence de nombreuses traductions stratégiques et systémiques essentiellement transformatrices. Or, pour qu’une telle transformation puisse s’accomplir, il est nécessaire de développer les compétences participatives pertinentes, ce qui confère au phénomène participatif la connotation d’apprentissage organisationnel de nouvelles formes d’action et d’intervention collectives. Notre modèle conceptuel semble fournir un ensemble de considérations épistémosociales fort intéressantes et très prometteuses permettant d’examiner en profondeur les dimensions nécessaires d’un renouvellement organisationnel de la participation dans le champ complexe de la santé publique internationale. Il permet de concevoir les interventions complexes comme des réseaux épistémiques de pratiques participatives (RÉPP) rassemblant des acteurs très diversifiés qui s’organisent autour d’un processus de conceptualisation transculturelle de connaissances ainsi que d’opérationnalisation intersectorielle des actions, et ce, par un ensemble de mécanismes d’instrumentalisation organisationnelle de l’apprentissage. De cette façon, le MTO ainsi que la notion de RÉPP permettent de mieux comprendre la création de passages incessants entre l’intégration locale des PP dans la gouverne des interventions complexes de la santé et des services sociaux – tels que les CLS –, et les processus plus larges de réorganisation démocratique de la santé publique dans le contexte global de la mondialisation institutionnelle. Cela pourrait certainement nous aider à construire collectivement l’expression réflexive et manifeste des valeurs démocratiques proposées dans la Déclaration d’Alma-Ata, publiée en 1978, lors de la première Conférence internationale sur les SSP. / In an age of the institutional globalization of modern societies, the confluence of a myriad of micro- and macro-contextual factors complicates the international socio-political arena. In this context, the integration of participatory values through the democratization processes of Public Health takes on the appearance of an organizational strategy promoting cohesion among a multitude of local and global initiatives. The constant renewal of intersectoral knowledge and the social perception of risk suggest an increased social awareness regarding the limits of technical competence of social and healthcare Systems. As a legitimate international actor in the management of modern health risks, Public Health creates participatory spaces that enable interaction of intersectoral actors and constantly changing and dynamic knowledge. It is indeed a strategy of the institutional “relocalisation” of collective action, aiming to restore trust in the level of reliability of international Public Health representatives who only partially meet the current needs of population security. In this context, Local Health Councils (LHC), implemented internationally as part of decentralized Primary Health Care (PHC) regional policies, represent participative spaces that involve countless paradoxical forces of tension. The LHC provides both an opportunity to examine the reciprocal relationship between an in-depth empirical analysis of specific participatory practices (PP), as well as a conceptual comprehension of the institutional globalization defining the general expansionist tendencies of modern societies. Using the organizational transition model (OTM), we postulate that the integration of PP into LHC governance is potentially associated with organizational change in creating both the conditions and the consequences of numerous strategic and systemic translations, which are essentially transformative. However, in order for this transformation to occur, relevant participative skills need to be developed. Consequently, this participative phenomenon takes on the shape of an organizational learning process allowing new forms of collective action and intervention to be accomplished. Our conceptual model offers a set of interesting and promising “epistemosocial” considerations for an in-depth examination of the dimensions essential for an organizational renewal of participation in the complex field of Global Health. Through the OTM, we conceive complex interventions as epistemic networks of participative practices (ENPP) composed of a wide range of actors organized around a double process of transcultural conceptualization of knowledge and inter-sector operationalization of action. This process is possible through a set of mechanisms of organizational instrumentation of learning. In this way, the OTM and the concept of ENPP allow for a better understanding of the unceasing transition between the local integration of PP in the governance of complex interventions in the field of health and social services – such as LCH – and the broader processes of democratic reorganization of Public Health in a global context of institutional globalization. This could certainly help us to collectively construct a reflexive and manifest expression of democratic values proposed in Alma-Ata Declaration published in 1978 during the first International Conference on PHC.