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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Áreas contaminadas e a construção da paisagem pós-industrial na cidade de São Paulo / Contaminated sites and the construction of the post-industrial landscape in the city of São Paulo

Morinaga, Carlos Minoru 29 April 2013 (has links)
As antigas áreas industriais na cidade de São Paulo têm sofrido uma progressiva perda das suas funções originais, tornando-se objeto de intensas transformações, particularmente no que diz respeito ao reaproveitamento dos imóveis e ao padrão de ocupação do solo existente, mediante a implantação de grandes empreendimentos imobiliários e a introdução de atividades totalmente diversas daquelas que as haviam caracterizado no passado. As formas pregressas de uso dessas áreas tornam possível a ocorrência de contaminação do solo e das águas subterrâneas, o que exige cuidados e procedimentos específicos para o reúso de terrenos ali localizados. Tendo como objeto de estudo a reutilização de antigas áreas industriais em processo de transformação na cidade de São Paulo, a presente tese parte da hipótese principal de que a construção de paisagens pós-industriais, sob a perspectiva da recuperação da função dos espaços urbanos e da garantia das condições de saúde pública e da sustentabilidade ambiental, só pode ser concebida no âmbito de um processo de gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas que contemple as dimensões interdisciplinar e interinstitucional da questão e leve em consideração a participação dos atores envolvidos. Tendo em vista que a reabilitação de áreas contaminadas abrange as dimensões básicas abordadas pelo que se passou a denominar sustentabilidade, a pesquisa teve início com o levantamento das diversas concepções adquiridas pelo termo, assim como das alterações ocorridas nas relações entre homem e natureza e suas implicações sobre as transformações observadas na paisagem ao longo do tempo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. O tratamento dado ao problema das áreas contaminadas foi analisado a partir da forma de atuação fragmentada do poder público, mediante exemplos que demonstram a total ausência de integração entre os seus diferentes setores, e também do levantamento de instrumentos de incentivo à reabilitação de áreas contaminadas e de experiências internacionais sobre o tema. Considera-se, por fim, que além da visão interdisciplinar e interinstitucional, a reabilitação das áreas contaminadas na cidade depende da forma de atuação do poder público e da existência de mecanismos de incentivo. / The old industrial areas in the city of São Paulo have suffered a progressive loss of their former functions, becoming object of intense transformations, particularly concerning the use of the properties and the existing pattern of occupation of the land, through the construction of huge real estate projects and the introduction of activities totally different from those ones which characterized them in the past. The former uses of these areas make possible the occurrence of soil and groundwater contamination, what requires cares and specific procedures to reuse of the sites located in those places. Taking the reutilization of the old industrial areas in process of transformation in the city of São Paulo as the object of study, the present thesis starts from the main hypothesis that the construction of post-industrial landscapes, under the perspective of the urban space function recovery and the guarantee of the health public and the environmental sustainability, can only be conceived within the scope of a contaminated sites management process which satisfies the interdisciplinary and inter-institutional dimensions and takes into account the stakeholders involved in it. Considering that the rehabilitation of contaminated sites covers the basic dimensions treated by what was called sustainability, the research started with the survey of the various conceptions acquired by the term, as well as the changes occurred in the relationship between man and nature and its implications on the transformations of the landscape along the time, by means of bibliographical research. The treatment given to the contaminated sites issue was analyzed from the fragmented way of acting of the public administration, by means of examples which demonstrate the total lack of integration among their different sectors, and also from the survey of incentive instruments for the rehabilitation of contaminated sites and international experiences on the theme. At last, it\'s considered that, beyond the interdisciplinary and inter-institutional view, the rehabilitation of the contaminated areas in the city depends on the way the public sector acts and the existence of incentive mechanisms as well.
22

A Decision Support Tool For Conceptual Site Model Development At Contaminated Sites

Buyuker, Beril 01 September 2009 (has links) (PDF)
A conceptual site model (CSM) is simply a description of the environmental conditions at a contaminated site and surrounding area, which provides all interested parties with a vision of the site. CSM mainly identifies the source-pathway&amp / #8208 / receptor linkage to guide for effective site characterization, risk assessment and remedial investigations. Development of CSM is complicated because it is &lsquo / case specific&rsquo / and there is no single route to follow during decision making concerning the contaminated site. Moreover, type and extent of information needed varies according to size and level of contamination and site heterogeneity. The objective of this study is to develop a decision support tool that guides the site assessors during identification of possible decision routes that can be encountered / the procedure to be followed / and the information and data to be collected at each stage. This tool also introduces interactions between CSM andsampling strategies designed for various purposes. Developed decision support tool adapts to each specific contaminated site. Furthermore, a detailed review of sampling strategies is presented as a guidance for site assessors. The decision support tool is equipped with standardized tools used for CSM development, i.e. information/data collection forms, illustrative tools and exposure pathway diagram. Information on site, geology, hydrogeology, contamination source, contaminants and receptors is collected via CSM form. Illustrative tools may vary from very simple site sketches to very complex 3D drawings depending on the needs of the specific contamination cases. Exposure pathway diagram (EPD) is used to identify all transport mechanisms and potential exposure pathways. EPD is embedded into a user&amp / #8208 / friendly decision assistance tool based on Microsoft Excel and Visual Basic for Applications. The applicability and utility of the decision support tool was tested using two case studies. Case study applications indicated that the developed methodology satisfies the objectives aimed in this study.
23

Untersuchungen zur Quantifizierung der Grundwasserimmission von polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen mithilfe von passiven Probennahmesystemen

Börke, Peter 05 October 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Kern der Arbeit bildete die Entwicklung einer Fluxmeter-Passivsammlereinheit für hydrophobe organische Substanzen im Grundwasser kontaminierter Standorte sowie deren Testung im Feld. Ferner kamen Keramik-Dosimeter unter identischen Feldbedingungen zum Einsatz. Die Ergebnisse der beiden passiven Sammelsysteme wurden mit herkömmlicher Grundwasserprobennahmetechnik mithilfe von Unterwassermotorpumpen verglichen und bewertet. Grundlage für den Einsatz der Passivsammlereinheit als „mass flux meter“ bildete die Kenntnis über den Volumenstrom im Bohrloch und den reduzierten Volumenstrom in der Passivsammlereinheit und andererseits über die räumliche Verteilung der hydraulischen Durchlässigkeit und der daraus resul¬tierenden heterogenen Geschwindigkeitsverteilung bzw. der Volumenströme über so genannte Kontroll¬ebenen bzw. Teilbilanzräume. Anhand numerischer Modelluntersuchungen konnten der Filterwiderstand der Passivsammlereinheit und die Strömungsverteilung in Modellkontrollebenen und im Feld näherungsweise bestimmt werden. Die Bestimmung des Volumenstromes des untersuchten Standortes wurde zum einen mithilfe von numerischen Modelluntersuchungen an stochastisch generierten quasi-3-dimensionalen Modellen mit hydro¬dynamischen Randbedingungen und kF-Wertverteilungen aus dem Feld und zum anderen mithilfe von Einbohrlochverfahren durchgeführt. Als Einbohrlochverfahren kamen zum einen ein optisches Kolloid-Logging (Grundwasserfluss-Visualisierungssystem) und zum anderen ein modifiziertes Fluidlogging-Verfahren mit Hilfe eines Salztracers zum Einsatz.
24

Oro, riskuppfattning och kommunikationsbehov Att kommunicera vid långvariga miljö- och hälsorisker vid förorenade glasbruksområden

Voxberg, Elin January 2018 (has links)
Vid pågående och långvariga miljö- och hälsorisker är det viktigt att kommunicera med invånare kontinuerligt. Denna enkätstudie undersöker därför informationsbehovet hos invånare vid förorenade områden och hur det överensstämmer med myndigheternas syn på kommunikationen. Vidare undersöks oro och riskuppfattning hos invånarna samt hos kommunikatörerna på kommunerna och länsstyrelserna. Undersökningen görs med glasbruksområden som exempel då studier pekar på förorening vid och i närheten av dessa områden men risken för människors hälsa inte är helt fastställd. Resultatet visar att en stor andel av, både invånare och myndigheternas kommunikatörer, tror att det finns risk för och är oroliga för hälsa, miljö och kommande generationers hälsa i närheten av de förorenade områdena. Oron för att bo i närheten är inte lika stor som oron för hälsa och miljö. Både riskuppfattningen och oron är större för miljö än för hälsa. Av dem som bor närmre än 5 km från närmsta glasbruk vill 68 % ha mer information vilket är fler än bland dem som bor längre ifrån, 31%. Tidigare information har de flesta fått från lokala media. Helst vill invånarna kommunicera med kommunen, länsstyrelsen, Naturvårdsverket och till viss del även med lokala media. De som bor närmre än 5 km från ett glasbruk vill ha information via papperstidning, informationsmöten och brev. Detta överensstämmer inte helt med myndigheternas åsikt där kommunikation främst skett via hemsidan och där hemsida, informationsmöten och sociala media är de kommunikationsvägar myndigheterna vill använda. Kommunen, länsstyrelsen och Naturvårdsverket anses som ansvariga för kommunikationen och det är flest som litar på dessa aktörer. Sammantaget visar studien att kommunikationen hittills kan ses som bristfällig och att det behövs förbättrad kommunikation vid långvariga miljö- och hälsorisker. Det finns, i det specifika fallet, utrymme för att förbättra kommunikationen och förutsättningarna är goda om kommunicerande aktörer ser upp för fallgroparna. / At ongoing and long-term environmental- and health risks is it important to communicate with the inhabitants continuously. This study therefore uses a survey to investigate the need for information among inhabitants and how it aligns with the authorities view on the communication. Further, worry and risk perception is examined among inhabitants and the municipalities and the county administration. The study is done with glasswork areas as an example since earlier research indicate contamination on and near these areas but the risk for human health is not yet established. The result show that a substantial share, of both inhabitants and the authority’s employees, thinks there is risk for and is worried about health, environment, and future generations health at contaminated sites. The worry about living close by is not as big as the worry about health and environment. Both risk perception and worry are greater for the environment than for health. Of the inhabitants living closer than 5 km from nearest glasswork, 68% wants more information which is more than among the inhabitants living further away, 31%. Previous information has most people got from local media. The inhabitants prefer to communicate with the municipality, the county administration, and the Swedish EPA and to some extent even with local media. The ones living closer than 5 km from a glasswork want information through newspapers, briefings and letters. This is not fully consistent with what the authorities think, where communication mainly occurred through the website and the website, briefing and social media are the ways authorities want to use for communication. The municipality, county administration and the Swedish EPA considers as responsible for the communication and these authorities got most trust among the inhabitants. Altogether this study shows that the communication so far can be considered as inadequate and that there is a need for improved communication at long term environmental and health risks. There is, in the specific case, room to improve the communication and the conditions are good, if the communicating actors watch out for pitfalls.
25

Assinaturas geoelétricas em área contaminada por hidrocarboneto no pólo industrial de Cubatão - SP /

Baessa, Marcus Paulus Martins. January 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Chang Hung Kiang / Banca: Walter Malagutti Filho / Banca: Vagner Roberto Elis / Resumo: Visando caracterizar assinaturas geoelétricas em áreas contaminadas por hidrocarbonetos de petróleo, foram realizados levantamentos geofísicos utilizando-se os métodos da eletrorresistividade e análises hidroquímicas em área localizada no Pólo Industrial de Cubatão - SP. Foram realizadas 19 sondagens elétricas verticais (SEVs), 4 imageamentos elétricos 2D e 3 imageamentos elétricos 3D, tendo sido identificadas, por meio destas técnicas, 12, 21 e 9 anomalias, respectivamente. Constatou-se que a presença de anomalias condutivas na zona não saturada coincide com a ocorrência de fase livre nos poços de monitoramento. A identificação de NH4 +, subjacente à ocorrência de fase livre, confirmou a atuação de processo de denitrificação. As baixas concentrações dos íons sulfato (SO4 2-) e ferroso (Fe2+) indicam que os mesmos foram reduzidos biologicamente para sulfeto (S2-) e precipitado como sulfeto de ferro (FeS), respectivamente. Esses resultados permitem concluir que as anomalias condutivas estão diretamente associadas à presença de fase residual de hidrocarbonetos, em processo de biodegradação, na zona não saturada. Desta forma, os métodos de investigação geofísica utilizados permitiram identificar áreas sob influência de hidrocarbonetos de petróleo. / Abstract: Geophysical surveys using electroresistivity methods and hydrochemical analyses were applied aiming the characterization of geoelectrical signatures in hydrocarbon contaminated sites located in the Polo Industrial de Cubatão - SP. There have been accomplished nineteen vertical electric soundings (VESs), four 2D and three 3D electrical imaging, which identified 12, 21 and 9 geophysical anomalies respectively. It was verified that the presence of conductive anomalies within the non-saturated zone coincided with the occurrence of free phase on the monitoring wells. Ammonium (NH4 +) identification, underlying the free phase occurrence, reinforced the activity of denitrifying process. Additionally, low concentration values of sulfate (SO4 2-) and ferrous (Fe2+) ions indicated that they were, respectively, biologically reduced to sulfide (S2-) and precipitated as iron sulfide (FeS). Based on those results, it was concluded that the conductive anomalies detected inside the non-saturated zone were directly associated with the presence of hydrocarbon residual phase, with was undergoing a biodegradation process. Therefore, the geophysical methods applied in this study allowed the identification of sites under petroleum hydrocarbons influence. / Mestre
26

Áreas contaminadas e a construção da paisagem pós-industrial na cidade de São Paulo / Contaminated sites and the construction of the post-industrial landscape in the city of São Paulo

Carlos Minoru Morinaga 29 April 2013 (has links)
As antigas áreas industriais na cidade de São Paulo têm sofrido uma progressiva perda das suas funções originais, tornando-se objeto de intensas transformações, particularmente no que diz respeito ao reaproveitamento dos imóveis e ao padrão de ocupação do solo existente, mediante a implantação de grandes empreendimentos imobiliários e a introdução de atividades totalmente diversas daquelas que as haviam caracterizado no passado. As formas pregressas de uso dessas áreas tornam possível a ocorrência de contaminação do solo e das águas subterrâneas, o que exige cuidados e procedimentos específicos para o reúso de terrenos ali localizados. Tendo como objeto de estudo a reutilização de antigas áreas industriais em processo de transformação na cidade de São Paulo, a presente tese parte da hipótese principal de que a construção de paisagens pós-industriais, sob a perspectiva da recuperação da função dos espaços urbanos e da garantia das condições de saúde pública e da sustentabilidade ambiental, só pode ser concebida no âmbito de um processo de gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas que contemple as dimensões interdisciplinar e interinstitucional da questão e leve em consideração a participação dos atores envolvidos. Tendo em vista que a reabilitação de áreas contaminadas abrange as dimensões básicas abordadas pelo que se passou a denominar sustentabilidade, a pesquisa teve início com o levantamento das diversas concepções adquiridas pelo termo, assim como das alterações ocorridas nas relações entre homem e natureza e suas implicações sobre as transformações observadas na paisagem ao longo do tempo, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. O tratamento dado ao problema das áreas contaminadas foi analisado a partir da forma de atuação fragmentada do poder público, mediante exemplos que demonstram a total ausência de integração entre os seus diferentes setores, e também do levantamento de instrumentos de incentivo à reabilitação de áreas contaminadas e de experiências internacionais sobre o tema. Considera-se, por fim, que além da visão interdisciplinar e interinstitucional, a reabilitação das áreas contaminadas na cidade depende da forma de atuação do poder público e da existência de mecanismos de incentivo. / The old industrial areas in the city of São Paulo have suffered a progressive loss of their former functions, becoming object of intense transformations, particularly concerning the use of the properties and the existing pattern of occupation of the land, through the construction of huge real estate projects and the introduction of activities totally different from those ones which characterized them in the past. The former uses of these areas make possible the occurrence of soil and groundwater contamination, what requires cares and specific procedures to reuse of the sites located in those places. Taking the reutilization of the old industrial areas in process of transformation in the city of São Paulo as the object of study, the present thesis starts from the main hypothesis that the construction of post-industrial landscapes, under the perspective of the urban space function recovery and the guarantee of the health public and the environmental sustainability, can only be conceived within the scope of a contaminated sites management process which satisfies the interdisciplinary and inter-institutional dimensions and takes into account the stakeholders involved in it. Considering that the rehabilitation of contaminated sites covers the basic dimensions treated by what was called sustainability, the research started with the survey of the various conceptions acquired by the term, as well as the changes occurred in the relationship between man and nature and its implications on the transformations of the landscape along the time, by means of bibliographical research. The treatment given to the contaminated sites issue was analyzed from the fragmented way of acting of the public administration, by means of examples which demonstrate the total lack of integration among their different sectors, and also from the survey of incentive instruments for the rehabilitation of contaminated sites and international experiences on the theme. At last, it\'s considered that, beyond the interdisciplinary and inter-institutional view, the rehabilitation of the contaminated areas in the city depends on the way the public sector acts and the existence of incentive mechanisms as well.
27

Analytical Models for Plume Length Estimations

Yadav, Prabhas Kumar 13 July 2012 (has links)
This thesis dealt with the techniques that could be used for the pre-assessment of contaminated sites. The goals of the thesis were based on a simple fact that every contaminated site possesses certain potential to degrade natural resources, specifically groundwater and land resources. The thesis focused on using mathematical and statistical techniques to predict the maximum length of contaminated plumes or Lmax, which it considered as a key parameter that could be used for the site assessment. As the first thesis work, data from KORA sites were compiled and analysed. From the analyses, it was found that the Lmax for BTEX plumes are in average under 150 m long. Further, for this work, Analytical Models that can be used to estimate Lmax were reviewed and, examples comparing model and fifield Lmax were presented. The second work for the thesis focused on a development and analysis of a new 3D-analytical model for a fifinite planar and fully penetrating source. An implicit expression for predicting Lmax was obtained. The analysis of the developed model suggested that the longest Lmax will result if the source takes an approximately square shape. The last part of the thesis improved the 3D-analytical model obtained in the second work by presenting an expression for a fifinite planar source that only partially penetrates the aquifer. For this work, a very simple numerical technique was developed that not only simplififies numerical analysis of the scenarios considered in this thesis but it also bears potentials to be used for very complex subsurface reaction transport scenarios. This thesis has been successful in narrowing research-gaps on problems related to contaminated sites management. / Diese Doktorarbeit befasste sich mit Methoden, welche für eine Vorabbewertung von kontaminierten Standorten genutzt werden können. Die Ziele der Arbeit basierten auf dem einfachen Fakt, dass jeder kontaminierte Standort ein bestimmtes Potential besitzt, natürliche Ressourcen, speziell Grundwasser- und Bodenressourcen, in ihrer Qualität negativ zu beeinträchtigen. Die Arbeit war auf die Nutzung mathematischer und statistischer Techniken zur Abschätzung der maximalen Schadstofffahnenlänge, auch Lmax, fokussiert, welche als entscheidender Parameter für die Standortbewertung genutzt werden kann. Der erste Teil der Doktorarbeit beinhaltete die Zusammenstellung und Analyse von Daten einer Vielzahl von KORA-Standorten. Anhand dieser Untersuchungen konnte festgestellt werden, dass Lmax von BTEX-Fahnen im Mittel unterhalb von 150 m liegt. Des Weiteren wurden für diese Arbeit analytische Modelle, welche für die Abschätzung von Lmax genutzt werden können, kritisch bewertet und vergleichende Beispiele zwischen mit Modellierung bestimmter und im Feld ermittelter Lmax präsentiert. Der zweite Teil der Doktorarbeit zielte auf die Entwicklung und Analyse eines neuen dreidimensionalen, analytischen Models für eine finite, planare und über die komplette Mächtigkeit vorherrschende Quelle ab. Es konnte ein impliziter mathematischer Ausdruck zur Vorhersage von Lmax gewonnen werden. Die Analyse des Models wies darauf hin, dass maximale Lmax erreicht werden, wenn die Quelle eine annähernd quadratische Form aufweist. Der letzte Teil der Doktorarbeit diente der Weiterentwicklung des dreidimensionalen, analytischen Modells aus dem zweiten Teil durch die Entwicklung eines Ausdrucks für eine finite, planare Quelle, welche jedoch nur teilweise die Mächtigkeit des Grundwasserleiters kontaminiert. Für diese Arbeit wurde ein sehr einfacher numerischer Ansatz entwickelt, welcher die numerische Analyse der in dieser Arbeit berücksichtigten Szenarien nicht einfach nur erleichtert, sondern auch das Potential beinhaltet diesen auf komplexe, reaktive Transportszenarien im Untergrund anzuwenden. Abschließend kann gesagt werden, dass diese Arbeit erfolgreich zur Verringerung von Forschungslücken in der Problematik des Managements kontaminierter Standorte beigetragen hat.
28

O impacto da resolução CONAMA 273/00 na gestão das áreas contaminadas por postos de combustíveis do Estado de São Paulo / The impact of CONAMA resolution 273/00 on petrol stations contaminated sites management in São Paulo State

Amicci, Anie Gracie Noda 29 April 2010 (has links)
O problema ambiental das áreas contaminadas foi por muito tempo negligenciado. No Estado de São Paulo as primeiras medidas efetivas de gestão do tema foram tomadas em 2000, em parte motivadas pela ocorrência de acidentes em postos de combustíveis. A publicação da resolução CONAMA 273/00, que instituiu a obrigatoriedade do licenciamento dos postos de combustíveis (novos e em operação), deu mais destaque ao assunto, pelo menos no Estado de São Paulo, onde sua implementação revelou inúmeros passivos ambientais em postos de combustíveis. Estudar este e outros impactos desta resolução na gestão das áreas contaminadas por postos de combustíveis foi o objetivo deste trabalho. Isto foi feito por meio da descrição da gestão de áreas contaminadas por postos de combustíveis, antes e depois da resolução, e de seus resultados divulgados pela CETESB. A análise qualitativa da gestão foi feita com base nos instrumentos de gestão utilizados e encontrou uma gestão centrada em instrumentos de comando e controle, mas que se complementa com instrumentos econômicos e acordos voluntários. A análise quantitativa foi feita com base nos dados secundários divulgados pela CETESB e aponta, apesar de tendências de melhoria, para resultados ainda incipientes, com baixos percentuais de postos de combustíveis licenciados, reduzido número de áreas remediadas e pequeno decréscimo no número de acidentes em postos de combustíveis. / Contaminated sites represent an environmental problem that was neglected for a long time. In São Paulo State this problem was first addressed in 2000, partially due to environmental accidents in petrol stations. CONAMA 273/00, a resolution that enforced petrol stations (both new and running businesses) to require permits, attracted more attention to the matter, at least in São Paulo State, where its implementation revealed various petrol stations contaminated sites. This and other impacts of this resolution on petrol stations contaminates sites management are the core subject of this thesis. The study consists on the description of the management program before and after the resolution, as well as the results obtained, which were made public by CETESB. The qualitative analysis of the management program was based on the instruments used, it revealed a command and control approach, which makes use of complimentary instruments such as economic and voluntary ones. The quantitative analysis based itself on secondary data obtained at CETESB and, although the positive trend of the results, it still indicates low percentages of petrol station with permit, a reduced number of cleaned-up sites and a small decrease in the number of accidents in petrol stations.
29

Políticas públicas ambientais: aspectos de gerenciamento ambiental para uma análise dos modelos de regulação além do comando e controle

Silva Júnior, Luiz Francisco Tavares da 27 August 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Francisco Tavares da Silva Junior.pdf: 1186969 bytes, checksum: f36c6bb04a5da5da8a0ab6739b4c039b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-27 / The purpose of this work is to treat environmental public policy from a complex vision of its interactions, about the subjects involved and the diversity of interests that they lead to the discussion of environmental issues, as well as of the institutional arrangements regarding the instruments of public action. It also puts in discussion on some regulatory instruments rather than command-and-control approach, proposing a combination of these models in the implementation of environmental public policies. From this point, it searches the practical exam of a public environmental policy, the management of contaminated areas, in a critical analysis of its organisation and implementation, restricting the analytical spectrum in the State of São Paulo in Brazil / O propósito deste trabalho é tratar sobre as políticas públicas ambientais a partir de uma visão complexa das suas interações, dos sujeitos envolvidos e da diversidade de interesses que eles levam à discussão das questões ambientais, assim como dos arranjos institucionais inerentes aos instrumentos de ação pública. Procede-se também a discussão sobre alguns instrumentos regulatórios diversos da abordagem de comando e controle, propondo uma conjugação desses modelos na implementação das políticas públicas ambientais. Disto, busca-se o exame prático de uma política pública ambiental, o gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas, numa análise crítica de sua organização e implementação, restringindo-se o espectro analítico ao Estado de São Paulo
30

Avaliação da presença de vapores no solo em antiga área industrial contaminada por hidrocarbonetos: concentrações medidas e simuladas

Soriano Junior, Roberto [UNESP] 09 June 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:54:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sorianojunior_r_me_rcla.pdf: 1949675 bytes, checksum: a6d5cc4f07790ee2fa65e002e7a11372 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A contaminação de solos e água subterrânea por hidrocarbonetos derivados de petróleo tende a liberar vapores que migram da subsuperfície para o ar, expondo, principalmente o ser humano à inalação de compostos que podem oferecer risco a sua saúde. Porém a volatilização destes compostos pode indicar as possíveis fontes de contaminação em subsuperfície. As agências de proteção ambiental, como a EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), nos Estados Unidos, e os órgãos ambientais no Brasil, como a CETESB - Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental, tem recomendado a avaliação dos Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis – VOC, por meio da técnica denominada Soil Gas Survey. Esta técnica vem sendo largamente utilizada por empresas de consultoria ambiental. Consiste na verificação de concentrações anômalas de VOC no solo in-situ, por meio de analisadores portáteis como FID, PID e Oxidação Catalítica, balizando os trabalhos de investigação e direcionando a quantidade de sondagens e poços de monitoramento para coletas de amostras de solo e água subterrânea para análises químicas. Desta forma o presente trabalho avaliou a presença de possíveis vapores em uma antiga área industrial abandonada contaminada por BTEX e Organoclorados. Esta avaliação foi feita por meio da técnica Soil Gas Survey com a utilização do analisador portátil de Oxidação Catalítica e simulou a volatilização dos contaminantes presentes na água subterrânea por meio do modelo matemático RBCA – Risk- Based Corrective Action Tool Kit Version 2. Os baixos resultados da modelagem da volatilização dos compostos confirmaram os resultados nulos na campanha de avaliação dos VOC no solo pela técnica Soil Gas Survey. Estes resultados sugerem à não capacidade destes compostos chegarem até a superfície. / The contamination of soils and underground water by hydrocarbonates of petroleum derivatives tend to release vapors that migrate from the subsurface to the air, exposing, mainly the human being to the inhalation of compounds that can offer risk to their health. However this volatilization of this compounds can indicate possible sources of contamination in the subsurface. The agencies of environmental protection, like the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), in the United States, and the environmental organizations in Brazil, like CETESB – Company of Technology of Environmental Sanitation, has recommended the evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds – VOC, through the technique called Soil Gas Survey. This technique has been largely used by companies of environmental consulting. It consists on the verification of VOC anomalous concentration in the soil in-situ, by portable analyzers like FID, PID and Catalytic Oxidation, beaconing the investigation work directing the quantity of polls and monitoring wells to the collection of samples of soil and underground water to chemical analyses. This way the present work evaluated the presence of possible vapors in an old abandoned industrial area contaminated by BTEX and organochlorines. This evaluation was made through the Soil Gas Survey technique with the use of the portable analyzer of Catalytic Oxidation and simulated the volatilization of the contaminants presented in the underground water through the mathematical model RBCA – Risk- Based Corrective Action Tool Kit Version 2. The low results of the simulation of the compounds volatilization confirmed the null results in the evaluation campaign of the VOC in the soil through the technique Soil Gas Survey. This results suggest the non capacity of this compound reaching the surface

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