11 Fachbeiträge dokumentieren die Ergebnisse der aktuellen Projekt- und Forschungsarbeit des Landesamtes in den Themenbereichen Grundwasser, Altlasten und Boden.

Submitted by Carolina Reame Santos (c.reamesantos@gmail.com) on 2018-06-14T13:21:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SANTOS, Carolina Reame.pdf: 4661171 bytes, checksum: 4e296455dae27f827e28306db59116d2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-06-14T17:46:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_cr_me_rcla.pdf: 4661171 bytes, checksum: 4e296455dae27f827e28306db59116d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-14T17:46:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_cr_me_rcla.pdf: 4661171 bytes, checksum: 4e296455dae27f827e28306db59116d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Diversas mudanças nos modelos sociais e econômicos desenvolvidos nas cidades podem, muitas vezes, criar ambientes insustentáveis do ponto de vista ambiental. É o caso do surgimento de brownfields, áreas que possuíam uma função anterior, e que por motivos geralmente econômicos, são abandonadas, podendo herdar passivos ambientais. Porém, estes espaços podem ser descontaminados, reutilizados e adquirir nova função. Depois de realizar diversos projetos de remediação de áreas contaminadas, um consórcio da União Europeia criou o Tailored Improvement of Brownfield Regeneration in Europe (TIMBRE) projeto que tem o objetivo de remediar áreas contaminadas levando em consideração aspectos do meio físico e socioeconômico, se adaptando à realidade dos locais e às necessidades dos envolvidos. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação teve o objetivo de aplicar o método TIMBRE de forma simplificada na Região dos Lagos de Santa Gertrudes (RLSG), considerando as investigações ambientais já realizadas na área e instrumentos de planejamento urbano e territorial, visando a elaboração de uma proposta de gerenciamento ambiental. Após o levantamento bibliográfico inicial, que possibilitou o conhecimento da situação legal sobre áreas contaminadas no país, especialmente no Estado de São Paulo, foi possível caracterizar a área de estudo em aspectos físicos e socioambientais. Após a interpolação dos dados obtidos nessa etapa para o método TIMBRE, foi possível elaborar três categorias de análise nos resultados, sendo um banco de dados bibliográfico, a questão do planejamento urbano e territorial no município de Santa Gertrudes e a caracterização da contaminação existente na RLSG. Os resultados possibilitaram a elaboração de uma proposta de gerenciamento ambiental que, ao utilizar os instrumentos de planejamento, enfatizou a adaptabilidade do método à realidade brasileira, contribuindo para uma gestão integrada da área ao unir diversos setores da sociedade. / Various changes in the social and economic models developed in cities can often create environmentally unsustainable environments. It is the case of the emergence of brownfields, areas that had a previous function, and for economic reasons, are abandoned, being able to inherit environmental liabilities. However, these sites can be decontaminated, reused and acquire new functions. After undertaking several remediation projects for contaminated sites, the European Union created a consortium named Tailored Improvement of Brownfield Regeneration in Europe (TIMBRE) project which aims to remedy contaminated areas taking into account aspects of the physical and socioeconomic environment, adapting to the reality of the sites and the needs of those involved. In this sense, this dissertation aimed to apply the TIMBRE method in a simplified way in the Santa Gertrudes Lake Region (RLSG), considering the environmental investigations already carried out in the area and instruments of urban and territorial planning, aiming at the elaboration of an environmental management proposal. After the initial bibliographic survey, which enabled the knowledge of the legal situation on contaminated areas in Brazil, especially in the State of São Paulo, it was possible to characterize the study area in physical and socio-environmental aspects. After the interpolation of the data obtained in the previous step for the TIMBRE method, it was possible to elaborate three categories of analysis in the results, being a bibliographic database, the question of the urban and territorial planning in the municipality of Santa Gertrudes and the characterization of the existing contamination in the RLSG. The results allowed the elaboration of an environmental management proposal that, when using the planning instruments, emphasized the adaptability of the method to the Brazilian reality, contributing to an integrated management of the area by uniting diverse sectors of society. / CNPq: 144255/2015-4.

Postos revendedores de combustíveis configuram-se como empreendimentos efetiva ou potencialmente poluidores e capazes de gerar impactos ambientais. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os procedimentos empregados no gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas por hidrocarbonetos em postos revendedores e a efetividade das práticas adotadas. A análise baseou-se nos documentos apensados aos Processos de Licenciamento Ambiental de três empreendimentos deste ramo de atividade. Os empreendimentos foram selecionados do Banco de Dados da FEPAM. Os três casos haviam concluído o processo de remediação e se encontravam na etapa de monitoramento para reabilitação. Verificou-se, em todos os casos analisados, que durante a investigação ambiental não foi realizada a delimitação horizontal e vertical das plumas de contaminação, com o estabelecimento do gradiente de concentração das substâncias químicas de interesse, tampouco foram realizadas análises do solo para verificar a demanda de oxidante pela matéria orgânica naturalmente presente. Nos Casos de Estudo 1 e 2, a contaminação ficou restrita à área do empreendimento e o sistema de remedição empregado foi operacionalizado até atingir os valores das referências normativas. No Caso de Estudo 3, ao contrário, a contaminação se estendeu para além dos limites do empreendimento, inclusive com a presença de produto em fase livre. Neste Caso, foi realizada a Análise de Risco à Saúde Humana, para verificar se as concentrações das substâncias químicas de interesse apresentavam riscos à saúde humana. Nos três casos estudados foi empregado o sistema de remediação ativa por oxidação química in situ com o reagente Fenton como oxidante. Salvo algumas oportunidades de melhoria identificadas, os sistemas de remediação empregados atingiram as metas de reabilitação pretendidas, mas deve-se ressalvar que em todos os casos as ações visando à identificação e eliminação do passivo ambiental não foram imediatas, estendendo-se ao longo do tempo, o que faz a ação do órgão ambiental assumir relevância no estabelecimento de prazos e metas. / Fuel stations are configured as enterprises effectively or potentially polluters and able to generate environmental impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the procedures employed in the management of areas contaminated with hydrocarbons in fuel stations and the effectiveness of the practices adopted. The analysis was based on documents attached to the Environmental Licensing Processes of three enterprises of this field of activity. The enterprises were selected from the database of FEPAM. The three cases had completed the remediation process and were in the monitoring stage for rehabilitation. In all the analyzed cases, it was found that during the environmental investigation the horizontal and vertical contamination plumes was not carried out, with the establishment of the concentration gradient of the chemicals of interest, and also the soil analysis to verify the oxidant demand for the organic matter naturally present was not performance. In Study Cases 1 and 2, contamination was restricted to the area of the enterprise and the remediation system operated to the normative reference values. In Case Study 3, on the other hand, a contamination extended beyond the limits of the enterprise, including the presence of product in free phase. In this case, a Human Health Risk Assessment was performed to verify if concentrations of the chemicals of interest presented risk to human health. In the three cases studied, it was employed the active remediation system for in situ chemical oxidation with Fenton reagent as oxidant. Except for some identified improvement opportunities, the remediation systems employed reached the intended rehabilitation goals, but it should be noted that the actions aiming at identifying and eliminating the environmental liabilities were not immediate, extending over time. This makes the action of the environmental agency to assume relevant importance in establishing deadlines and goals.

Postos revendedores de combustíveis configuram-se como empreendimentos efetiva ou potencialmente poluidores e capazes de gerar impactos ambientais. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os procedimentos empregados no gerenciamento de áreas contaminadas por hidrocarbonetos em postos revendedores e a efetividade das práticas adotadas. A análise baseou-se nos documentos apensados aos Processos de Licenciamento Ambiental de três empreendimentos deste ramo de atividade. Os empreendimentos foram selecionados do Banco de Dados da FEPAM. Os três casos haviam concluído o processo de remediação e se encontravam na etapa de monitoramento para reabilitação. Verificou-se, em todos os casos analisados, que durante a investigação ambiental não foi realizada a delimitação horizontal e vertical das plumas de contaminação, com o estabelecimento do gradiente de concentração das substâncias químicas de interesse, tampouco foram realizadas análises do solo para verificar a demanda de oxidante pela matéria orgânica naturalmente presente. Nos Casos de Estudo 1 e 2, a contaminação ficou restrita à área do empreendimento e o sistema de remedição empregado foi operacionalizado até atingir os valores das referências normativas. No Caso de Estudo 3, ao contrário, a contaminação se estendeu para além dos limites do empreendimento, inclusive com a presença de produto em fase livre. Neste Caso, foi realizada a Análise de Risco à Saúde Humana, para verificar se as concentrações das substâncias químicas de interesse apresentavam riscos à saúde humana. Nos três casos estudados foi empregado o sistema de remediação ativa por oxidação química in situ com o reagente Fenton como oxidante. Salvo algumas oportunidades de melhoria identificadas, os sistemas de remediação empregados atingiram as metas de reabilitação pretendidas, mas deve-se ressalvar que em todos os casos as ações visando à identificação e eliminação do passivo ambiental não foram imediatas, estendendo-se ao longo do tempo, o que faz a ação do órgão ambiental assumir relevância no estabelecimento de prazos e metas. / Fuel stations are configured as enterprises effectively or potentially polluters and able to generate environmental impacts. This study aimed to evaluate the procedures employed in the management of areas contaminated with hydrocarbons in fuel stations and the effectiveness of the practices adopted. The analysis was based on documents attached to the Environmental Licensing Processes of three enterprises of this field of activity. The enterprises were selected from the database of FEPAM. The three cases had completed the remediation process and were in the monitoring stage for rehabilitation. In all the analyzed cases, it was found that during the environmental investigation the horizontal and vertical contamination plumes was not carried out, with the establishment of the concentration gradient of the chemicals of interest, and also the soil analysis to verify the oxidant demand for the organic matter naturally present was not performance. In Study Cases 1 and 2, contamination was restricted to the area of the enterprise and the remediation system operated to the normative reference values. In Case Study 3, on the other hand, a contamination extended beyond the limits of the enterprise, including the presence of product in free phase. In this case, a Human Health Risk Assessment was performed to verify if concentrations of the chemicals of interest presented risk to human health. In the three cases studied, it was employed the active remediation system for in situ chemical oxidation with Fenton reagent as oxidant. Except for some identified improvement opportunities, the remediation systems employed reached the intended rehabilitation goals, but it should be noted that the actions aiming at identifying and eliminating the environmental liabilities were not immediate, extending over time. This makes the action of the environmental agency to assume relevant importance in establishing deadlines and goals.

O processo de desenvolvimento industrial que incorporou o conhecimento técnico-científico gerou, sem dúvidas, vários avanços à humanidade; no entanto também acabou por produzir toda uma série de riscos, dentre eles os ambientais, que hoje, afetam diretamente, o próprio homem. A contaminação do solo e das águas subterrâneas vem ampliar a gama destes riscos, em particular nos grandes centros urbanos, onde a indústria se fez presente. A desconcentração industrial expõe mais claramente esta problemática ambiental, na medida em que, frente à demanda existente, muitos terrenos ocupados anteriormente pela atividade fabril, passam a receber novos usos. O propósito deste trabalho será discutir a relação existente entre o desenvolvimento da sociedade industrial e a construção da sociedade contemporânea, também conhecida como sociedade do risco; e a partir daí demonstrar a existência de uma territorialidade do risco em São Paulo proveniente da contaminação do solo e das águas subterrâneas. Será discutido ainda, as políticas públicas ambientais, em particular àquelas voltadas para a gestão das áreas contaminadas em São Paulo. / The process of industrial development, which incorporated the technical-scientific knowledge, generated undoubtedly several advances to the humankind; however, it also ended up producing a series of risks, the environmental ones among them, which affect directly the own man. The soil and groundwater contamination contribute to enlarge the range of these risks, particularly in the great urban centers, where the industry was present. The industrial desconcentration reveals more clearly this environmental issue, as many plots previously occupied by industrial activity begin to receive new uses. The purpose of this work is to show the relationship between the industrial society development and the construction of the contemporary society, also known as risk society, and from this point, to demonstrate the existence of a territoriality of the risk in São Paulo, originating in the soil and groundwater contamination. The environmental public policies will be also discussed, in particular those ones aiming at contaminated sites management in São Paulo.

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Neun Fachbeiträge dokumentieren die Ergebnisse der aktuellen Projekt- und Forschungsarbeit des Landesamtes im Bereich Grundwasser und Altlasten. Themen sind u. a. diffuse Schwermetallbelastungen in 10 Grundwasserkörpern, die nach Wasserrahmenrichtlinie im schlechten chemischen Zustand ausgewiesen wurden, die Umsetzung der EG-Wasserrahmenrichtlinie in von Punktquellen beeinflussten Grundwasserkörpern und die bisherigen Ergebnisse des internationalen Projektes SHARP. Weitere Beiträge befassen sich mit dem Bearbeitungsstand und dem Handlungsbedarf der im Sächsischen Altlastenkataster (SALKA) erfassten Flächen, dem Gefährdungspotenzial von Gärtnereien und den altlastenbezogenen Bewertungs- und Analyseempfehlungen für kurzkettige Alkylphenole.

Major challenges concerning climate change are facing the world and action needs to be taken by the entire society to prevent serious consequences. Contaminated sites are another wide spread environmental and health issue and the need for remediation is great. Unfortunately, remediations often cause high climate impact due to many and long transports, as well as other factors, in order to treat or deposit the contaminated soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate if and how Swedish municipalities take the climate issue into consideration when selecting a soil remediation method and to identify factors that could increase the climate consideration. To accomplish this, a survey was created and directed to the departments of land and exploitation, in 276 municipalities of Sweden. The results showed that it was not very common to set goals concerning limited climate impact or to calculate it. Rather many deposit contaminated soil and rather many also think that more climate friendly remediation techniques could lead to equal risk reduction. Increased technical feasibility and increased knowledge, as well as increased guidance on risk balancing and changed requirements from authorities, were most often believed to have the highest potential of increased climate consideration. Cost and time consumption were often limiting factors. Conclusions were that the development of sustainable remediation techniques needs to continue. Also, authorities are suggested to offer more guidance as well as a more holistic approach in order for the remediation sector to better meet climate goals.

11 Fachbeiträge dokumentieren die Ergebnisse der aktuellen Projekt- und Forschungsarbeit des Landesamtes in den Themenbereichen Grundwasser, Altlasten und Boden.

After remediation of contaminated sites, a follow-up should be done including an assessment of risk reduction. For remediation projects financed by governmental grant, indicators are required which will provide follow-up data. This study examines how the indicators can be used to follow-up and handle risk reduction regarding health and/or the environment, where both short- and long-term perspectives are considered. Furthermore, the study examines how the indicators can be used regarding a national viewpoint and if there is a need to adjust the requirements of the indicators. The study was limited to remediation projects financed by governmental grant to carry out a comparable evaluation. Indictors from 69 projects have been collected, of which 67 have been compiled at a project level. A compilation of, among other things, pollution amounts has also been done for a national perspective. Several of the indicators can be used to assess risk reduction, however, quantitative data are lacking for many of the projects. Furthermore, it is difficult to assess the risk reduction without knowledge of remediation goals and in some cases qualitative data. From the data that has been evaluated, it seems that the projects at a national level generally maintain a high level of ambition with a high degree of risk reduction. For example an average reduction in the amount of pollution of 85% in 31 of 67 projects and an average reduction in the spread of 86.5% in 8 of 67 projects were obtained for the primarily pollution. However, it can be discussed whether it is representative with so few projects for evaluation at the national level. To be improved, the indicators should be reviewed regarding risk reduction. Additions are proposed to improve the possibility to assess risk reduction in both short and long term, and indicators related to, for example, exposure and ecological parameters can be added to obtain more project specific indicators. However, this means requirements for sampling and the risk assessment already before the remediation. Furthermore, it may be necessary to adjust the indicators to suit more remediation methods. Among other things, there is reason to review the assessment of risk reduction regarding methods relating to water. The results also indicate that other factors such as quality assurance, how follow-up takes place regarding data processing and how sampling is carried out should be reviewed for the key figures to be filled in adequately. The study is limited as not all reported projects have been included due to delimitation. To obtain a more complete evaluation, it is recommended that all projects should be included in a future study. The possibility of including privately financed projects should also be reviewed to get a better picture of how successful the remediation work is at national level. / Efter utförda åtgärder av förorenade områden görs uppföljning av åtgärderna där bedömning av riskreduktionen är en del. I åtgärdsprojekt som finansieras genom statliga medel ställs krav på uppföljning, där nyckeltal ingår som ska ge uppföljande data. Denna studie undersöker hur nyckeltalen kan användas för att följa upp och hantera riskreduktion för hälsa och/eller miljön efter utförda åtgärder, där så väl kort som lång sikt beaktas. Vidare har det undersökts hur nyckeltalen kan användas för att följa upp riskreduktion ur ett nationellt perspektiv samt huruvida det finns ett behov av att justera kraven. Studien avgränsades till statliga åtgärdsprojekt för att kunna genomföra en jämförbar utvärdering. Nyckeltal från 69 åtgärdsprojekt har samlats in där 67 har sammanställts på projektnivå. En sammanställning av bland annat föroreningsmängder har även gjorts för ett nationellt perspektiv. Flera av nyckeltalen kan användas för bedömning av riskreduktion, kvantitativa data saknas dock för många av åtgärdsprojekten. Den reella riskreduktionen är svår att utläsa för flertalet av projekten med anledning av bristen på data. Vidare är det svårt att utläsa riskreduktionen utan vetskap om åtgärdsmål och i vissa fall kvalitativa data. På nationell nivå verkar det som att åtgärderna generellt håller en hög ambitionsnivå med hög riskreduktionsgrad utifrån den data som har utvärderas. Bland annat erhölls en medelreduktion av föroreningsmängd på 85 % i 31 av 67 projekt och en medelreduktion i spridning på 86,5 % i 8 av 67 projekt för den primärt styrande föroreningen i åtgärdsprojekten. Det kan dock diskuteras om det är ett representativt urval med så få projekt för utvärdering på den nationella nivån. Nyckeltalen bör ses över för att kunna förbättras med avseende på riskreduktion. Bland annat föreslås tillägg av nyckeltal för möjlighet att bedöma riskreduktion på kort respektive lång sikt och en översyn om nyckeltal som rör exempelvis exponering och ekologiska parametrar bör läggas till för att få mer projektspecifika nyckeltal som rör riskreduktion. Detta ställer dock krav på provtagningar och riskbedömningen redan i utredningsskedet. Vidare kan det vara aktuellt att justera nyckeltalen för att passa fler åtgärdsmetoder. Bland annat finns det anledning att se över bedömning av riskreduktion med avseende på åtgärdsmetoder som rör åtgärder av vatten. Resultaten indikerar även på att andra faktorer som kvalitetssäkring, om rätt typ av provtagning genomförs och hur databearbetning sker, för att nyckeltalen ska kunna fyllas i på ett adekvat sätt. Studien är begränsad då inte alla slutrapporterade projekt har ingått med anledning av avgränsning. För att få en mer fullständig utvärdering rekommenderas att samtliga åtgärdsprojekt ingår i en framtida studie. Vidare bör det även ses över möjlighet att inkludera de privatfinansierade åtgärdsprojekten för att få en bättre bild över hur framgångsrikt saneringsarbetet är på nationell nivå.