No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

West Wales in the Iron Age contained a diverse range of settlement types, from hill-forts to unenclosed farmsteads, with the dominant type of settlement the enclosed farmstead. However, a recent review of information available for the British Iron Age identified a relative lack of systematised information for Wales and consequently there is a pressing need to re-examine the settlement record for this area, as the belief in a single Iron Age "culture" gives way to recognition of regional difference in material cultures, social institutions and life-ways. This thesis examines the settlements and landscape of West Wales in an attempt to contribute to our understanding of this region in the Iron Age. In order to make a regionally synthesised investigation of the social, I conducted a survey of excavation and survey information for Iron Age settlements in West Wales. Analysis centred on examining the spatial patterning of settlements by considering the morphology, distribution, placement and structure of settlements, their place in the landscape and regional trends in the structuring of space and artefacts. The investigation was contextualised within the wider body of material for the Iron Age in Britain. The use of landscape theory as an interpretive framework in examining the spatial patterning of the material culture in the Iron Age proved an effective method for interpreting domestic settlements within the lived landscape. Social and cosmological relations within settlements and within the referential structuring of a landscape, particularly with respect to pre-existing monuments, were suggested by the analysis. By comparing these trends in the structuring of settlements within the landscape to settlements elsewhere in Britain, a distinct and regional culture for the Iron Age of West Wales was identified.

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A practical, aesthetic and philosophical examination of lookouts as found in Australian National Parks. Investigates the impact of landscape (as refering to both the actual phenomena and cultural product) on environmental values and human relationship with place. Explores the unique relationship between visitors and environments conserved for their 'wilderness' value. Discusses the management of lookouts and the mediation and potential manipulation of visual perception in the design of these facilities. Suggests lookouts subjegate immediate physical 'site' to celebrate a distant 'scene' granted greater environmental value on the basis of aesthetic principles of beauty, the sublime and the photogenic.

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As percepções e os saberes das populações tradicionais vêm conquistando cada vez mais espaço no meio acadêmico e nas instituições governamentais. Tal valorização ganha projeção uma vez que estes grupos apresentam culturas comumente mais conservacionistas e integradas aos locais onde vivem do que a sociedade urbano-industrial, e suas práticas servem de exemplo para a gestão e para a conservação ambiental. Entretanto, a valorização desses saberes ainda é incipiente no que se refere à conservação de áreas naturais, tanto no Brasil quanto no mundo. O presente estudo, através dos fundamentos da Geografia Cultural Humanística, descreve e interpreta a geograficidade e parte dos conhecimentos ambientais dos pescadores do Lago Guaíba, com relação à qualidade das águas, a ictiofauna e os impactos ambientais presentes no manancial. Como parte dos resultados, temos a hierarquização dos principais impactos ambientais presentes no Lago, descritos pelos pescadores. De modo sucinto, os pescadores destacam como o principal degradante do manancial o esgoto doméstico, seguido pelo lixo sobrenadante, a ação das balsas de extração de areia (areeiras), a contaminação de origem industrial e, em quinto e último lugar, a contaminação por agrotóxicos. O estudo apresenta ainda propostas de gerenciamento, por parte dos pescadores e do pesquisador, com o intuito de enriquecer o processo de gestão de suas águas, revalorizando os saberes dos pescadores do delta do rio Jacuí. / The perceptions and knowledge of traditional populations are conquering each increasingly space in academic and in government institutions. This valuation gains projection since these groups have crops most commonly integrated conservation and the places where they live than the urban-industrial society, and its practices serve as an example for the management and for environmental conservation. However , the valorization of these knowing is still budding about the conservation of natural areas, both in Brazil as in the world. The present studied, through the foundations of Cultural Geography, describes and interprets the geographical experiences and part of the environmental knowledge of the fishermen of Lake Guaíba, with regard to water quality, fish and environmental impacts in the wealth. As part of the results, we have a hierarchy of the main environmental impacts in the Lake, described by fishermen. In brief, the fishermen out as the main source of degrading the domestic sewage, followed by garbage supernatant, the action of ferries of extraction of sand (bot of sands), the contamination from industry, and in fifth and last place, the contamination by pesticides. The study also presents proposals for management on the part of fishermen and the search in order to enrich the process of managing their water, raising the knowledge of fishermen on the delta of the river Jacuí.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / A presente pesquisa de mestrado configura-se como um trabalho no âmbito da História do Pensamento Geográfico no qual privilegia-se a relação geografia e religião expressa no subcampo da geografia cultural: geografia da religião. Seu objetivo central é compreender a dinâmica de desenvolvimento deste subcampo, expresso nos estudos que vem se realizando nesta área e melhor compreendida se elaborarmos os seguintes questionamentos: (a) em que contexto se desenvolveu e vem se desenvolvendo o subcampo em tela? (b) como se caracteriza o subcampo em termos nacionais? (c) Quais são as categorias de análise/conceitos próprios deste subcampo? (d) Quais são as metodologias genuinamente pertencentes ao subcampo? Com o objetivo de concretizá-la, nos utilizamos do conceito de campo e do método reflexivo interpretado por Pierre Bourdieu (1989), conjugadas as três dimensões da cultura de Raymond Williams (1992); das congruências interdisciplinares das ciências sociais que abordam o fenômeno religioso, sendo elas a Sociologia e a Antropologia; como também da relação geografia cultural-geografia da religião. O recorte temporal se mescla a linha cronológica da geografia cultural no Brasil, iniciando em 1989 e condicionada ao término da integralização do curso de mestrado, em 2009. A importância desta proposta consiste na tentativa de construir um quadro panorâmico dos estudos em geografia da religião no Brasil. / This masters thesis presents itself as a work in the History of Geographical Thought which the focus is the relationship between geography and religion expressed in the subfield of cultural geography: geography of religion. Its main objective is to understand the dynamics of development of this subfield, expressed in the studies that have been performed in this area and better understood if we elaborated the following questions: (a) what is the context that the subfield was developed and is developing? (b) how is characterized the subfield in national terms? (c) what are the categories of analysis / concepts peculiar to this subfield? (d) What are the methodologies genuinely belonging to the subfield? In order to make it happen, we use the field concept and method reflective by Pierre Bourdieu (1989), combined to the three dimensions of culture by Raymond Williams (1992); also, the interdisciplinary between social sciences like Sociology and Anthropology, and also the relation between the cultural geography and the geography of religion. The time line is the same of cultural geography in Brazil, starting in 1989 and conditional upon the end of my master course period, in 2009. The importance of this proposal is an attempt to build a general overview of studies in geography of religion in Brazil.

O presente trabalho consiste em um estudo sobre a importância que os territórios possuem para os processos identitários dos quilombolas, e a importância da conservação destes para sociedade, uma vez que estes são um patrimônio histórico cultural da sociedade brasileira. O estudo desenvolverá discussões sobre território, sob a perspectiva da geografia cultural, onde o território é visto como um local dotado de significados, e apresentará um estudo sobre quilombo e a cultura quilombola. Para efetuar tais estudos e análises foram feitos dois recortes espaciais, em duas comunidades remanescentes de quilombos, as comunidades observadas foram Quilombola da Pedra do Sal e Quilombola do Sacopã, localizadas respectivamente, no bairro da Saúde e da Lagoa, ambos pertencentes à cidade do Rio de Janeiro, localizadas no estado fluminense. Essas comunidades quilombolas são consideradas urbanas, pois, foram incorporadas a cidade, através do processo de expansão urbana, sendo assim, foi realizada uma observação em até que ponto a urbanização pode promover uma descaracterização das comunidades urbanas. O trabalho conta ainda com um estudo sobre as conseqüências da não regulamentação desses territórios, tanto para a própria comunidade quilombola, quanto para a sociedade, já que esses quilombos podem ser considerados como patrimônio histórico cultural, e a não regulamentação pode significar o fim dessas tradicionais comunidades. Destarte, o trabalho consiste em avaliar o significado que a apropriação do território tem para estas comunidades e a importância deste para os seus processos identitários, além de identificar e analisar os conflitos existentes nestes quilombos. Portanto, o trabalho pauta-se em um estudo mais detalhado sobre a o significado que o território possui para os quilombolas, ou seja, o território como um geossímbolo. / This work consists on a study about the importance that some territories have to identity processes of the quilombolas, and the importance of its conservation to society, since they are cultural heritage of Brazilian society. This study will develop discussions about territory, from the perspective of cultural geography, where the territory is seen as a place endowed with meaning, and also show a study on Quilombo maroon and its culture. To make such studies and investigations, two spatial cuts were made, in two remnants of Quilombo communities, in which the communities observed were Quilombola Pedra do Sal and the Quilombola Sacopã, respectively located in the neighborhood of Saúde and Lagoa, both owned by the city of Rio de Janeiro, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro. These communities are considered urban maroons, as they were incorporated into the city, through the process of urban expansion, so an observation was made in the extent to which urbanization may promote a characterization of urban communities. The work also includes a study on the consequences of not regulating these areas, both for the community maroon, and the society, as these can be considered as quilombos historical cultural heritage, and regulation can not mean the end of these traditional communities. Thus, the work is to assess the meaning that ownership of the territory has to these communities and its importance to their identity processes, and identify and analyze the conflicts in these quilombos. Therefore, the work agenda in a more detailed study of the meaning that the territory has for the Maroons, or the territory as a geosymbol.