Esta dissertação apresenta uma reflexão focada na análise geográfico-cultural da paisagem favela na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e em sua representação no cinema, pelo discurso fílmico presente nas obras Orfeu negro (1959), de Marcel Camus e Orfeu (1999) de Carlos Diegues. Tal discurso emerge como instrumento de compreensão do processo evolutivo que gerou uma espécie de linhagem da favela na cidade. Os quarenta anos passados entre os dois Orfeus e as paisagens reais e ficcionais, da favela neles presentes espelham um rico contínuo espaço-tempo. Quarenta anos de mudanças na história do mundo, da cultura, da cidade, da favela e das técnicas do cinema possibilitaram a gestação de duas obras fílmicas diferentes, inclusive em função dos olhares estrangeiro e de pertencimento que balizam a visão de seus respectivos diretores. A nova geografia cultural, com sua feição interdisciplinar, fornece instrumental apropriado para estudar, analisar e entender a complexa teia de relações políticas, econômicas, sociais e culturais presentes na paisagem favela, hoje um dos signos mais conhecidos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro polo da dualidade entre a inclusão e a exclusão social. / This dissertation shows a reflection focused in the analysis cultural geography of the slumscape in the city of the Rio of Janeiro and in its representation in the cinema, for the movie speech presently in the works Black Orfeu (1959), direct by of Marcel Camus and Orfeu (1999), directed by Carlos Diegues. Both of them were inspired on Vinicíus de Moraess play theater, Orfeu da Conceição, scened in 1956. Such speech surfaces like instrument of understanding of the evolution process that created a kind of lineage of the slum in the city. Forty years spent between the first film Black Orfeu (1959) and the last film Orfeu (1999), the real landscape and fiction landscape of the slum changed a lot in short time. Forty years of changes in the history of the world, of the culture, of the Rio de Janeiro city, of the slum and of the film making techniques made possible the birth of two different works, in function of foreign look and of belonging look or look from the native that indicate the vision of filmmakers vision. The new cultural geography and the interdisciplinary form supply instrumental appropriated for the study, for the analyze complex relations among politic, economic and culture and the landscape. The slum is one of the most known signs of the Rio of Janeiro city pole of the dualism between the inclusion and the social exclusion.

Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Instituto de Ciências Humanas e da Informação, 2011. / Submitted by Caroline Silva (krol_bilhar@hotmail.com) on 2012-07-26T15:59:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Rogerio_A_Pereira.pdf: 16682565 bytes, checksum: 6c92b0f78e48e35d1e7ed81a7d70839d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-08-03T21:22:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Rogerio_A_Pereira.pdf: 16682565 bytes, checksum: 6c92b0f78e48e35d1e7ed81a7d70839d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-03T21:22:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Rogerio_A_Pereira.pdf: 16682565 bytes, checksum: 6c92b0f78e48e35d1e7ed81a7d70839d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / As manifestações culturais expressadas nos Terreiros são de uma riqueza patrimonial histórica e cultural ímpar. São reveladas através da sua particularidade na relação com a dança, a musicalidade e a devoção, repletas de simbolismos e interligações de matrizes culturais distintas, representadas por meio do sincretismo religioso. E por se realizar uma comunhão entre documentos culturais de fundamentos espirituais e filosóficos diferentes, constitui assim a ligação entre o profano e o sagrado. Assim, este trabalho apresenta como referência as teorias os conceitos de Cultura, Sincretismo e Religião, e que em conjunto transpõe as manifestações passadas, estas mediantes as recordações, e os diversos momentos vivenciados no local de analise, apresenta desta maneira, contribuições da Geografia Cultural junto a Geografia da Religião, para constante aperfeiçoamento do conhecimento científico. E através da pesquisa de campo, das observações realizadas possui como objeto de pesquisa o Centro Espiritualista Umbandista “Reino de São Jorge”- Rua General Abreu, 497 – Cidade Nova - Rio Grande-RS, da organização e aplicação de entrevista as pessoas que tem sua “história” junto a esta Casa de manifestações umbandistas, o registro etnográfico das singularidades sociais e culturais apresentadas na mesma pelo público frequentador e membros pertencentes a esta instituição social. Este realizado junto ao trabalho de resgate da história oral, memória coletiva, e documentação em geral viabilizam uma visão significativa do ordenar teórico ao objeto de investigação. Perante a tudo isso, permite-se expor reflexões para os estudos culturais e geográficos, uma contribuição social que comporta uma leitura científica desprovida de preconceito ao realizar o estudo de um Terreiro local, em especial, de Umbanda, como elemento constituinte do espaço social e urbano rio-grandino e também sacralizado. / Las manifestaciones culturales expresadas en los Terreiros son de una riqueza patrimonial, histórica y cultural desiguales. Son reveladas por medio de su particularidad en la relación con la danza, la musicalidad y la devoción, lleno de simbolismos y interligaciones de matrices culturales distintas, representadas a través del sincretismo religioso y por la realización de una comunicación entre documentos culturales de bases espirituales y filosóficas distintas, es el vínculo entre el mundano y el puro. Así, esta obra presenta las teorías, los conceptos de Cultura, Sincretismo y Religión, y conjuntamente transpone los eventos pasados, mediantes estos recuerdos, y los muchos momentos en contacto en el sitio de análisis, presentando, así contribución de la Geografía Cultural con la Geografía de la Religión, para perfeccionamiento del conocimiento científico y por medio de la pesquisa de sitio, de las observaciones efectuadas tiendo como objeto de análisis el Centro Espiritualista “Reino de São Jorge”, calle General Abreu, 497 – Cidade Nova – Rio Grande/RS, de la organización y aplicación de entrevistas a personas que tienen historia junto a la casa de manifestaciones, el registro del etnografía de las singularidades sociales e culturales presentadas en aquella casa por los frecuentadores y los miembros pertenecientes a esta institución social. Realizado, también, junto al trabajo de rescate de la historia social, oral, memoria colectiva y documentación general dan una visión significativa del ordenar teórico al objecto de investigación. Con todo eso, se puede exponer reflexiones para los estudios culturales y geográficos, una contribución social que tiene una lectura científica sin concepto anticipado al realizar el estudio de un Terreiro local, como dato constituyente del espacio social y urbano riograndino y también sacralizado. / Cultural manifestations expressed in Terreiros show singular cultural, historical and patrimonial richness. These manifestations are revealed through their particularity related to dance, musicality and devotion, plenty of symbolisms and interconnections from distinct cultural matrices, represented though religious syncretism. And because a communion between cultural documents from different spiritual and philosophical fundamentals takes place, they constitute a link between the profaned and the sacred. Therefore, this work presents as reference the theories and concepts from Culture, Syncretism and Religion, which together transposes the past manifestations, though remembrances and several moments lived in the local of analysis, presenting this way, contributions to both Cultural and Religious Geography in order to constantly improve scientific knowledge. The field research based on the observation accomplished has as objective of research the Centro Espirítualista “Reino de São Jorge” – on General Abreu, 497 Street – Cidade Nova – Rio Grande/RS, through organization and application of interview with people who have their history bonded to this house of manifestations from Umbanda, the ethnographic registry of social and cultural singularities presented by the public who attends this place and members belonging to this social institution. This work was also accomplished though rescue of oral history, collective memory and documentation enabling a significant view from theory to the investigation object. Due to all this, this work exposes reflections to the cultural and geographical studies, a social contribution which comprises a scientific point of view without prejudice to perform the study of a local Terreiro, a as a constituent element of the social and urban space in Rio Grande/RS and also sacred.

Este estudo trata da construção e modernização da Basílica Nacional de N. Senhora de Aparecida, localizada no santuário católico do mesmo nome, em Aparecida no estado de São Paulo (a 160 km da capital do estado). O autor faz uma investigação a respeito dos aspectos míticos que envolvem as transformações espaciais e urbanísticas dessa construção. Sua metodologia de análise fundamenta-se na fenomenologia da imaginação proposta por Gaston Bachelard como um caminho para os desafios da ciência na pós-modernidade. O trabalho não se limita a relacionar a implementação da obra arquitetônica (o templo) com o desenvolvimento metropolitano da cidade de São Paulo (a cidade-mãe). Seu objetivo central está em demonstrar, ao menos teoricamente, que os mitos e suas atualizações constantes (mitogênese, mística e criações artísticas) permitem à ciência geográfica compreender a organização de um espaço religioso e sugerir instrumentos (no turismo e na educação) para seu aperfeiçoamento social. / The present study examines the construction and modernization of the National Basilica of Our Lady Aparecida, located in the Roman Catholic Sanctuary of Aparecida, 100 miles from the São Paulo state capital. The author has surveyed the mythical aspects involving the spatial and urbanistic transformations of the building. His methodology of analysis is grounded on the phenomenology of the imagination proposed by Gaston Bachelard as a way of dealing with the challenges of science in the post-modern age. The paper is not limited to relating the implementation of an architectural work (the temple) to the metropolitan development of the city of São Paulo (the mother-city). Its main goal is to demonstrate, at least theoretically, that the myths and their constant renewal (mythogenesis, mysticism, and artistic creations) help Geographic Science to better understand the organization of religious spaces and to propose instruments (in tourism and education) for their social enhancement.

People have varied and complex relationships with stone, in its raw geology and in its altered forms. Often, however, in cultural contexts, stone remains in the background, as a taken for granted and unremarkable element of the material world. In this thesis, stone moves into the foreground. The research presented here explores how close attention to those who work intimately with stone can disclose unexpected and absorbing stories. The cultural geologies extracted and presented in this thesis cast light on the diversity of ways in which people relate to, and with, the land; and experiment with a range of different ways in which these relations can be narrated. Set on the Jurassic Coast, in the south west of England, the stone exposures that emerge along the margin between land and sea offer a productive site for developing a cultural geological approach. The limestones, shales and clays are framed, in this work, by the narratives of quarrymen and geologists. The work explores how their particular knowledges are formed, and how they exist within wider historical and ecological understandings. Their narratives bring the stratigraphy to life, and draw attention to the hidden worlds within it. The different priorities and perspectives of quarrymen and geologists are shown to lead in different directions, interweave, or run parallel. The very specific languages and descriptions they employ reveal a level of complexity and richness of detail that is mirrored in the stone. Using an approach that combines close observation and creative practice, this study examines stone at a variety of scales, and in different contexts. The work engages with specific stone types, landscapes, voids, buildings and objects. Processes of working stone through practices of lettering, sculpture and masonry elicit understandings of the material that reach far beneath its surface. The absent spaces of quarries are then explored, showing how voids can be animated with knowledge, and how destructive processes can generate creative potential, when sensitively worked and considered. Lastly, the study draws all these ideas together in a discussion of stone assemblages in buildings, to see how voices from geology and quarrying can foster greater understanding of how buildings were constructed in the past, and how we conserve them into the future.

L'étude se propose de mettre en évidence les nombreuses corrélations existant entre l'espace urbain de la ville de los angeles et le travail d'écriture de wanda coleman, femme noire-américaine originaire du quartier des watts à la carrière littéraire conséquente. l'essentiel de la matière littéraire de coleman se focalise et trouve son point d'ancrage dans la ville en elle-même et pour elle-même. ainsi, en considérant la production poétique de l'auteur dans sa globalité, qu'il s'agisse de recueils, d'ouvrages photographiques ou de supports audio, il s'agira de voir en quoi l'œuvre de coleman ayant pour point de départ un los angeles des années 70 a su retracer, au sein de la matrice poétique qu'elle met en place, l'évolution d'une mégalopole hors normes. qu'en advient-il alors de la totalité de la création littéraire de coleman, et comment peut-elle être considérée ? en effet, ayant fait le choix de cibler sa poésie sur un espace commun en perpétuelle évolution, ne deviendrait-elle pas par conséquent un moyen jusque là peu envisagé de créer un archivage social, culturel et historique d'une ville dont les mutations et développements fascinent. c'est cette fonction d'œuvre-mémoire d'un lieu duquel elle s'inspire associée à un processus de création littéraire que la ville semble elle-même motiver qui sera également un point central de cette étude. quels desseins le projet poétique sert-il alors ? cette union implicite, sorte d'entente cordiale entre la ville et l'auteur qu'elle abrite/ qui l'abrite, manifeste une interdépendance entre deux entités tangibles dans un réel que le mot poétique semble vouloir tantôt dénoncer, tantôt réaffirmer. ce réel sectoriel et imparfait avec lequel coleman fait office de lien, d'interprétateur et juge entre l'espace et les hommes, entre l'espace et sa mémoire deviendrait-il ainsi un objet poétique de l'intangible se servant de lieux communs afin de dénoncer une déshumanisation de la ville, un hyperréalisme, un simulacre que s'évertuait déjà à démontrer jean baudrillard. effigie poétique imprégnée d'un los angeles qu'elle comprend au regard d'une vie passée dans ses dédales, coleman est-elle la figure mémorielle presque prophétique porteuse d'une parole rédemptrice d'une ville infernale. dénonçant ainsi les maux de la ville comme pour en aspirer le venin, coleman de par ses mots serait alors détentrice d'une alliance poétique consubstantielle, servant un projet allant bien au-delà de la simple écriture poétique, comme si l'acte poétique renouvelé dans son aspect le plus primaire permettait de projeter les mots sur les maux passés et présents d'un espace urbain parcellaire, de servir une mémoire essentielle à la survie du réel dans une cité chaotique se tenant au bord du gouffre. / This study aims at shedding some new light upon the many correlations existing between the Los Angeles cityspace and Wanda Coleman’s writings. As an African American woman born in Watts, Los Angeles in 1946, Coleman is the author of a significant literary oeuvre. Whether regarding the urban evolution and construction of the city, its ethnic composition, its socioeconomic conditions or its cultural development, the megalopolis can be read explicitly and implicitly throughout the author’s work, which started in 1979 and ended with the posthumous co-publication of The Love Project in 2014.Post World War II Los Angeles and the great mutations that the territory has been undergoing are, for Coleman, an unending source of material that are both motivating her writing and influencing her craft. The privileged witness of a city under the firm grasp of postmodern ideology of which Los Angeles seems to be the epicenter, Coleman’s work shows the ever-growing gap between an everyday life that is getting more and more brutal and an idealized imagery of the city that imposes itself as the American Way of Life par excellence. That unreachable goal for a disadvantaged and disenfranchised portion of society (about to become the majority of the Los Angeles population), is projected in a perpetual renewal of the American Dream, maintained within reaching distance, as an obscene strategy serving social appeasement. Wanda Coleman thus intends to unsettle an illusion that has been perpetrated and widely distributed through and by Hollywood whose influences, in a mass-media transmission era, cannot be under-estimated. Because she has been able to consider and apprehend the overall dehumanizing process for as long as she can remember, that Coleman is able to assess the import of her art and thus sets its objectives: to rehumanize the dehumanized.

[pt] A geografia é importante na formação do cidadão e por isso é uma disciplina presente no ensino básico, onde são trabalhados conceitos-chave como paisagem, espaço, lugar e território. Apesar de a análise geográfica ainda se restringir, em grande parte, aos elementos da percepção visual, há diversas outras possibilidades e ganhos didáticos ao serem utilizadas outras manifestações sensitivas, como as sonoras. Nesse contexto, o samba e o blues aparecem como fontes educativas para abastecer e problematizar diversos temas relevantes à prática geográfica escolar. Dessa forma, didatizar os processos de formação de ambos os estilos em recortes temporais semelhantes (virada do século XIX para o XX), porém em recortes espaciais distintos (Rio de janeiro e sul dos Estados Unidos), chamando a atenção do aluno aos fatores socioespaciais determinantes na formação de cada um. A partir de uma abordagem complexa da geografia cultural e tendo a interdisciplinaridade como horizonte pedagógico, as respectivas paisagens cariocas e sulistas são apresentadas através das influências dos registros sonoros e musicais, assim propondo-se outros métodos didáticos para o ensino da geografia na educação básica. / [en] Geography is important in the formation of citizens and that s why it is a subject present in basic education, where key concepts such as landscape, space, place and territory are worked on. Although the geographic analysis is still largely restricted to the elements of visual perception, there are several other possibilities and didactic gains when using other sensitive manifestations, such as sound. In this context, samba and blues appear as educational sources to supply and problematize various themes relevant to school geographical practice. In this way, teaching the formation processes of both styles in similar time frames (turn from the 19th to the 20th century), but in different spatial frames (Rio de Janeiro and southern United States), keeping the student s attention to sociospatial factors determinants in the formation of each one. From a complex approach to cultural geography and having interdisciplinarity as a pedagogical horizon, the respective Rio de Janeiro and southern landscapes are presented through the influences of sound and musical records, thus proposing other didactic methods for the teaching of geography in basic education.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Geography / Bimal K. Paul / According to the UNAIDS (2008) estimated, in 2005, that about 2.4 million Indians were living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This makes India one of the most HIV vulnerable countries in Asia and thus this problem cannot be ignored. The main purpose of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the awareness about HIV/AIDS preventive measures of female college students (in the 18 to 24 age group) in Kolkata, India, who were widely believed to be members of the low risk group. Specifically, the study measured the willingness to comply with HIV/AIDS preventive measures of the female college students. Few studies have investigated the perception, knowledge and opinions of female students regarding the effectiveness of HIV preventive measures, this study will add a new dimension to HIV/ AIDS literature. In order to assess the information available to the students an attempt has been made to examine the knowledge of the respondents concerning the modes of transmission of HIV and HIV prevention methods. The study also identified the significant sources of information that the respondents used to derive pertinent information enabling them to protect themselves from the virus. A host of variables (e.g. socio-economic and behavioral) have been studied in order to identify the factors influencing the willingness to comply with the preventive measures of these college students. From the results it was evident that religion, income and age play a role in influencing the students’ willingness to comply. This study has important public health implications because the information collected can be used to design HIV prevention interventions that can reduce HIV transmission in West Bengal and other states of India.

Science and technology have a tendency to clump together in places where they spawn other forms of societal activities. Sometimes these places become famous through processes known as place-making, or the social construction of place. Because the scientific and technological activities affect the places, and the places conversely affect the science and technology, it is relevant to study how and why these connections emerge. This dissertation examines the particular case of the northern Swedish town of Kiruna, which has become known for being a `space town' because of its scientific, technological, and other activities that relate to the near space around the earth. The overall objective is to analyse the processes underlying the making of Kiruna as a space town in the period 1943--2000. Five parts make up the study. First is an examination of how the development of space physics research in Kiruna led to the setting up of a scientific observatory. The second part studies how the Swedish participation in the European Space Research Organisationmade Kiruna the place for a rocket base. Next follows an analysis of how local business efforts contributed to forming a new satellite technology business and the Space House office building. The fourth part concerns how the visions to establish a space `university' eventually led to the emergence of the Space Campus. Last is an epilogue that briefly analyses the space tourism efforts in Kiruna. A central finding is that the space town has emerged as the result of entwined processes where, on the one hand, ideas about the near space around the earth have led to new activities and physical structures, and, on the other hand, these new activities and built structures conversely have inspired to new ideas. Of importance is also the geographical place where these developments have occurred. Here, a reoccurring argument to placing the activities and structures in Kiruna was the town's geographically favourable location for specific scientific and technological activities. Another finding is that the development has gradually led to the emergence of a kind of identity or notion of Kiruna as a particular place for space activities. Although this form of place-making has occurred largely through spontaneous processes, it was also the result of intentional efforts. Together, these different place-making processes have formed the `space town' of Kiruna.

The global climate threat has intensified Sweden’s ambitions to build wind power stations. This thesis explores the planning of, and opposition to, wind power in the inland rural and forest regions of Sweden. It is in these autonomous communities that the plans are implemented and the aim of the thesis was to, from a local perspective, understand and analyse the planning and acceptance challenges that large-scale wind power development faces in places that are both sparsely populated and have good wind conditions. This thesis is based on qualitative methods and was conducted as two studies. The case study area comprises four municipalities in Dalarna County. The first study analyses the planning and establishment process in three municipalities using interviews and an analysis method called process tracing. The second study analyses one wind power establishment, in which the interviews form the basis for a discourse analytical approach. One striking finding highlights the relationship between the global and the local. Global environment and energy aspects are absent in the local process, and wind power becomes a technical land issue that clashes with other local land interests. Another finding of the study reveals that planning for wind power establishment follows a rational planning tradition. The feelings and memories of the individual – different views regarding the landscape – play a background role in the formal permit process, while measurable observable conditions have a more prominent role. Wind power developers thereby acquire a more significant position than what they probably would have had if the planning had included local residents’ views on wind power in the landscape at an early stage.

Ouvéa, qu’on appelle « l’île la plus proche du paradis », est un petit atoll de l’archipel des îles Loyauté situé à l’est de la Grande Terre. L’ensemble constitue la collectivité territoriale d’Outre-mer de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. Son lagon et ses plages de rêve, une formidable et intacte biodiversité, une société kanak ancrée dans la tradition et un passé de sacrifices pour la cause indépendantiste, font d’Ouvéa un véritable sanctuaire. Ses patrimoines naturels et culturels, préservés des grands bouleversements de notre époque, sont chargés d’une forte valeur symbolique à l’échelle de la Nouvelle-Calédonie.Après avoir été érigé comme un fondement incontournable de la revendication identitaire et de la lutte indépendantiste kanak dans les années 1970-1980 le patrimoine devient aujourd’hui un véritable pilier du projet de société calédonien et tente de réunir l’ensemble des communautés tout en servant le développement économique. La patrimonialisation est perçue comme un cercle vertueux, à la fois condition et résultat du développement durable et semble orienter l’ensemble des politiques du territoire, du moins dans le discours : la période actuelle semble être celle du « tout-patrimoine ». Cette thèse de géographie propose une analyse de la patrimonialisation à Ouvéa en caractérisant les impacts de cette dynamique au sein du territoire et en identifiant ses limites.Après avoir analysé le rôle du patrimoine dans la structuration de la société calédonienne au cours de l’histoire, la démonstration s’appuie sur des études de cas concrètes et actuelles sur le terrain : la patrimonialisation de la nature avec l’inscription des lagons d’Ouvéa à l’Unesco, celle de l’agriculture avec les tentatives de valoriser les terroirs et celle de l’histoire avec la mise en cinéma de la mémoire calédonienne.Du local au global, au cœur des recompositions territoriales, le « tout-patrimoine » apparaît dans ce travail comme une des opportunités et un des aveuglements qui caractérisent notre époque. / Uvea, “the nearest island to heaven”, is a small atoll of the Loyalty Islands archipelago situated at the east of the Mainland of New Caledonia, forming with it a French overseas territory. Its lagoon and its magnificent beaches, an impressive and healthy biodiversity, a Kanak society deeply anchored in tradition and a past of sacrifices made in the fight for independence, make Uvea a real sanctuary of natural and cultural heritage left untouched by the great transformations of our times and endowed with a strong symbolic value for the whole of New Caledonia.Having been established as a solid foundation of the identity claims and the fight for Kanak independence in the years 1970 to 1980, the concept of heritage has now become a major pillar of the project of creating a Caledonian society, uniting all communities and advancing at the same time the economic development. The patrimonialisation is perceived as a virtuous circle, precondition and result of a sustainable development at the same time and seems to guide all the policies of New Caledonia, at least in the dominant discourse: what characterizes the current period is the idea of an “all embracing heritage”.This dissertation in geography develops an analysis of the patrimonialisation on the island of Uvea by characterizing the impact of this dynamic process within the whole of New Caledonia and by identifying its limits. After having analyzed the role of ‘heritage’ in the structural development of Caledonian society in the course of its history, I will present concrete and current case studies carried out in the field: the patrimonialisation of nature through the inscription of the Uvean lagoon in the World Heritage List of Unesco, the patrimonialisation of agriculture through the attempt to promote its specific characteristics, and of history through the recording of Caledonian memory in the form of movies. From the local to the global level, in the framework of a territorial restructuring, the concept of an all-embracing heritage seems to be at the same time one of the opportunities and one of the blind spots which characterize our times.