Les processeurs mono-coeurs traditionnels ne sont plus suffisants pour répondre aux besoins croissants en performance des fonctions avioniques. Les processeurs multi/many-coeurs ont emergé ces dernières années afin de pouvoir intégrer plusieurs fonctions et de bénéficier de la puissance par Watt disponible grâce aux partages de ressources. En revanche, tous les processeurs multi/many-coeurs ne répondent pas forcément aux besoins des fonctions avioniques. Nous préférons avoir plus de déterminisme que de puissance de calcul car la certification de ces processeurs passe par la maîtrise du déterminisme. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’évaluer le processeur many-coeur (MPPA-256) de Kalray dans un contexte industriel aéronautique. Nous avons choisi la fonction de maintenance HMS (Health Monitoring System) qui a un besoin important en bande passante et un besoin de temps de réponse borné.Par ailleurs, cette fonction est également dotée de propriétés de parallélisme car elle traite des données de vibration venant de capteurs qui sont fonctionnellement indépendants, et par conséquent leur traitement peut être parallélisé sur plusieurs coeurs. La particularité de cette étude est qu’elle s’intéresse au déploiement d’une fonction existante séquentielle sur une architecture many-coeurs en partant de l’acquisition des données jusqu’aux calculs des indicateurs de santé avec un fort accent sur le fluxd’entrées/sorties des données. Nos travaux de recherche ont conduit à 5 contributions:• Transformation des algorithmes existants en algorithmes incrémentaux capables de traiter les données au fur et mesure qu’elles arrivent des capteurs.• Gestion du flux d’entrées des échantillons de vibrations jusqu’aux calculs des indicateurs de santé,la disponibilité des données dans le cluster interne, le moment où elles sont consommées et enfinl’estimation de la charge de calcul.• Mesures de temps pas très intrusives directement sur le MPPA-256 en ajoutant des timestamps dans le flow de données.• Architecture logicielle qui respecte les contraintes temps-réel même dans les pires cas. Elle estbasée sur une pipeline à 3 étages.• Illustration des limites de la fonction existante: nos expériences ont montré que les paramètres contextuels de l’hélicoptère tels que la vitesse du rotor doivent être corrélés aux indicateurs de santé pour réduire les fausses alertes. / Traditional single-cores are no longer sufficient to meet the growing needs of performance in avionics domain. Multi-core and many-core processors have emerged in the recent years in order to integrate several functions thanks to the resource sharing. In contrast, all multi-core and many-core processorsdo not necessarily satisfy the avionic constraints. We prefer to have more determinism than computing power because the certification of such processors depends on mastering the determinism.The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the many-core processor (MPPA-256) from Kalray in avionic context. We choose the maintenance function HMS (Health Monitoring System) which requires an important bandwidth and a response time guarantee. In addition, this function has also parallelism properties. It computes data from sensors that are functionally independent and, therefore their processing can be parallelized in several cores. This study focuses on deploying the existing sequential HMS on a many-core processor from the data acquisition to the computation of the health indicators with a strongemphasis on the input flow.Our research led to five main contributions:• Transformation of the global existing algorithms into a real-time ones which can process data as soon as they are available.• Management of the input flow of vibration samples from the sensors to the computation of the health indicators, the availability of raw vibration data in the internal cluster, when they are consumed and finally the workload estimation.• Implementing a lightweight Timing measurements directly on the MPPA-256 by adding timestamps in the data flow.• Software architecture that respects real-time constraints even in the worst cases. The software architecture is based on three pipeline stages.• Illustration of the limits of the existing function: our experiments have shown that the contextual parameters of the helicopter such as the rotor speed must be correlated with the health indicators to reduce false alarms.

Apesar dos modelos usados em engenharia serem, em sua maioria, reconhecidamente aproximados, acredita-se que a matemática usada na física e nos próprios modelos é infinitamente precisa e que tais teorias físicas poderiam prever completamente qualquer evento relacionado às variáveis equacionadas. No limite, seria possível prever o estado do universo em qualquer instante, crença esta chamada de determinismo. Claro está que essa pretensão é apenas de princípio, sendo impossível na prática. No entanto, pesquisas sobre os fundamentos da matemática e outras teorias matemáticas desenvolvidas no século XX sugerem que a matemática (e, consequentemente, a física) teria certos limites inerentes. A análise feita nesta tese fundamenta seus argumentos na Teoria das Funções Recursivas e Computabilidade Efetiva e na Teoria do Caos Determinístico. O objetivo principal é tratar de apurar a existência de limites inerentes e como tais limites se aplicariam aos sistemas elétricos de potência (mais especificamente nos tópicos fluxo de carga, transitórios eletromecânicos, transitórios eletromagnéticos e eletrônica de potência) e à engenharia de controle. / Although the models used in engineering are, in most cases, admittedly approximated, it is believed that the Mathematics used in Physics and in these models, is infinitely precise and that such physical theories could fully predict any event related to variables in equations. In the limit, it would be possible to predict the state of the universe at any moment, this belief is called determinism. It is clear that this claim is only in principle, impossible in practice. However, research on the foundations of Mathematics and other mathematical theories developed in the 20th century suggest that the Mathematics (and hence Physics) would have certain inherent limitations. The analysis made in this thesis has the arguments based on the Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability and the Theory of Deterministic Chaos. The main objective is to find out the existence of inherent limits and how these limits could be applied to electric power systems (more specifically to the topics load flow, electromechanical transient and electromagnetic transient and power electronics) and control engineering.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-11-01T11:28:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tania Schneider da Fonseca_.pdf: 1196065 bytes, checksum: 6650454e54f549cdd2039dee6b94da86 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-01T11:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tania Schneider da Fonseca_.pdf: 1196065 bytes, checksum: 6650454e54f549cdd2039dee6b94da86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Quais são as condições necessárias e suficientes para responsabilizar moralmente o comportamento do agente? Várias respostas a essa pergunta têm sido dadas na história recente da filosofia. De um lado, diversos filósofos acreditam que o critério especificando essas condições poderia ser compatível com a tese determinista. Por outro lado, há aqueles que negam que esse critério possa conciliar-se com a visão de um mundo determinista. Tradicionalmente, a liberdade enquanto uma capacidade para agir de outro modo é defendida como uma condição necessária para a responsabilidade moral. Com o seu artigo de 1969, “Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility”, Harry Frankfurt mudou o curso do debate sobre o problema da vontade livre. Ele forneceu exemplos hipotéticos, por meio de experimentos de pensamento, de agentes que, conforme ele argumentou, embora não pudessem ter agido de outro modo, ainda assim seriam moralmente responsáveis pelas suas ações. O artigo de Frankfurt entusiasmou muitos filósofos, destacadamente John Fischer, a repensar o problema da responsabilidade moral. Para Fischer, Frankfurt teria mostrado que o debate não diz mais respeito ao problema de demonstrar a compatibilidade entre liberdade e determinismo, mas, sim, à questão da compatibilidade da responsabilidade moral com o determinismo. Para lidar com essa questão, e qualificar a posição de Frankfurt, Fischer desenvolve o que ele denomina de uma posição semicompatibilista. Essa posição responderia às objeções incompatibilistas, assim mostrando a compatibilidade da responsabilidade moral com o determinismo. Esse trabalho é dedicado a um estudo dessa posição. A tese defendida é a de que o semicompatibilismo proposto por Fischer de fato responde às principais objeções dos incompatibilistas, e é mais vantajosa se comparada à posição compatibilista tradicional, que defende que a capacidade para agir de outro modo seria uma condição necessária para a responsabilidade moral. / What are the necessary and sufficient conditions for the moral responsible agency? Many answers to this question have been given in the recent history of philosophy. On the one side, some philosophers believe that the criterion specifying these conditions could be compatible with the determinist’s worldview. On the other side, there are those who deny that this criterion and the determinist’s position could be ever reconciliated. Traditionally, freedom as a capacity to do otherwise has been defended as a necessary condition for moral responsibility. In 1969, when “Alternative Possibilities and Moral Responsibility” (1969) was published, Harry Frankfurt changed the course of the discussion about the free will problem. Frankfurt showed, through some thought experiments, agents that, he argued, were moral responsible for their actions even though they could not have acted otherwise. Frankfurt’s essay pushed several philosophers, remarkably John Fischer, to rethink the problem of moral responsibility. For Fischer, Frankfurt showed that the debate should not be about the compatibility between freedom and determinism, but rather should address the question of whether moral responsibility is compatible with determinism. To deal with this problem, and to further qualify Frankfurt’s position, Fischer develops, as he calls it, a semicompatibilist position. This position, he claims, successfully address the objections from the incompatibilists, thus showing that moral responsibility is compatible with determinism. This study is an investigation of this position. The thesis defended is that the semicompatibilism proposed by Fischer does indeed answers the main incompatibilist’s objections, and it is better than the traditional compatibilist position, which argues that the capacity to do otherwise is a necessary condition for moral responsibility.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T17:27:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Christian Emmanuel de Menezes Montenegro.pdf: 1632030 bytes, checksum: 5a16ca4636299f21667da413dcc8fd26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper aims to achieve a study of the conceptions of causality in David Hume, a Scottish empiricist philosopher of the 18th century and in Charles Sanders Peirce, an American pragmatist philosopher of the 19th century. In order to discuss these conceptions, a historical-critical approach was chosen. We believe this approach should enable the reader a clearer perception of what is at stake, namely, the passage of a deterministic vision for an indeterministic worldview. Hence we will take a route we intend to present the modern scientific thinking from its genesis to mid 20th century. As Michel Paty tells us in his article entitled The genesis of physical causality2, (published in the journal Studia Scientiae): the notions or categories of causality and determinism have accompanied the formation of modern sciences, foremost, the Physical Science one . At the time of Galileo, Descartes and Newton, physics was called Natural Philosophy and comprised a search laws of Nature expressed through regularities and causal relations. Although the notion or idea of causality were always present in Western Thought since Greek times it could be mainly found merged with metaphysical conceptions. Aristotle, for example, in his work entitled Metaphysics, lists four causes, namely, material cause, formal cause, efficient cause and final or teleological cause. According to Paty, it was due to d Alembert s Traité de dynamique more than Newton s Principia the idea of a physical causality subsumed to a mathematical functional relation (differential temporal causality), in the sense of efficient cause, that took shape. It was this conception, excluding other causes, says Paty, that prevailed in Modern Science, from the 18th century, Hume s time. The success achieved by Newtonian synthesis, expressed in its analytical form by d Alembert, led to the belief in determinism, expressed in Laplace s saying. With the advent of the theory of evolution by natural selection in the biological sciences of the 19th century, many thinkers considered that living being built up as something irreducible, which could not be explained solely in terms of efficient cause, therefore it would be necessary to resort to some kind of life force or vital breath inflated by an intelligent intention and only by him. Hence the need to resort to the final or teleological causes. Peirce was one of these thinkers, as we will have the opportunity to see along the exposition of his philosophy. We take as theoretical basis of our research the following works: 2 PATY, Michel. The genesis of physical causality . In Scientiae Studia, São Paulo, vol. 2, n. 1, 2004, p. 9. Available in www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1678-31662004000100002&script. X A Treatise of Human Nature, Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and the Principles of Moral and An Abstract of a Treatise of Human Nature by David Hume, besides the works of two commentators, namely, The Hume s Skepticism by Plínio Junqueira Smith and Hume and the Epistemology by João Paulo Monteiro. In the same way, Regarding Peirce s works, we have taken the following works: The Essential Peirce, vol. 1; The Essential Peirce, vol. 2; Illustrations of the Logic of Science; Semiotics; Semiotics and Philosophy and the works by three commentators, namely, Kósmos Noetós by Ivo Assad Ibri; The Induction from Aristotle to Peirce, by Maria de Lourdes Bacha; Charles S. Peirce s Evolutionary Philosophy by Carl Hausman / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar um estudo das concepções de causalidade em David Hume, filósofo empirista escocês do século XVIII, e em Charles Sanders Peirce, filósofo pragmatista americano do século XIX. Abordaremos estas concepções através de um enfoque de caráter histórico-crítico. Acreditamos que esta abordagem deva possibilitar ao leitor uma percepção mais clara do que está em jogo, a saber, a passagem de uma visão determinista para uma visão indeterminista do mundo. Para tanto, faremos um percurso no qual pretendemos apresentar o pensamento científico moderno, desde sua gênese até meados do século vinte. Como nos diz Michel Paty em um artigo publicado na Revista Scientiae Studia intitulado A gênese da causalidade física1, as noções ou categorias de causalidade e determinismo acompanharam a formação das ciências modernas e, em primeiro lugar, da física . Na época de Galileu, Descartes e Newton a física era denominada filosofia natural e compreendia uma busca de leis da Natureza expressa através de regularidades e relações causais. Embora a concepção ou ideia de causalidade sempre estivesse presente no pensamento ocidental desde a Antiguidade grega, ela encontrava-se mesclada com concepções metafísicas. Aristóteles, por exemplo, em sua Metafísica, relaciona quatro causas, a saber, causa material, causa formal, causa eficiente e causa final ou teleológica. Segundo Paty, foi com d Alembert, no seu Traité de dynamique, mais do que com os Principia de Newton, que a ideia de uma causalidade física subsumida a uma relação matemática funcional (causalidade temporal diferencial), no sentido de causa eficiente, ganhou forma. Foi esta concepção, excluindo outras causas, diz-nos Paty, que prevaleceu na Ciência Moderna, a partir do século XVIII, época de Hume. O sucesso alcançado pela síntese newtoniana, expressa em sua forma analítica por d Alembert, levou à crença no determinismo expresso no célebre dito de Laplace. Com o advento da teoria da evolução por seleção natural, nas ciências biológicas do século XIX, muitos pensadores consideraram que o ser vivo constituía-se como algo irredutível, que não poderia ser explicado somente em termos de causas eficientes e, portanto, seria necessário recorrer-se a uma espécie de força vital ou sopro vital insuflado por um propósito inteligente, e apenas por ele. Donde a necessidade de recorrer-se à causa final ou teleológica. Peirce foi um desses pensadores, como teremos a oportunidade de ver na 1 PATY, Michel. A gênese da causalidade física . In Scientiae Studia, São Paulo, vol. 2, n. 1, 2004, pp. 9-32, p. 9. Disponível em www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1678-31662004000100002&script. VIII exposição de sua filosofia. Tomamos como fontes básicas de nossa pesquisa as obras: Tratado da Natureza Humana, Investigações sobre o entendimento humano e os princípios da moral e Sumário do Tratado da Natureza Humana de David Hume, além das obras de dois comentadores de Hume, a saber, O ceticismo de Hume, de Plínio Junqueira Smith e Hume e a Epistemologia de João Paulo Monteiro. Com relação a Peirce tomamos as seguintes obras: The Essential Peirce, vol. 1; The Essential Peirce, vol. 2; Ilustrações da Lógica da Ciência; Semiótica; Semiótica e Filosofia e as obras de três comentadores, a saber, Kósmos Noetós de Ivo Assad Ibri, A Indução de Aristóteles a Peirce de Maria de Lourdes Bacha e Charles S. Peirce s Evolutionary Philosophy de Carl Hausman

Aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles, avec la lecture des œuvres d’Achille Tatius et Héliodore d’Émèse, auteurs grecs des premiers siècles de l’ère chrétienne, les auteurs espagnols redécouvrent un genre particulier qui sera qualifié tantôt de romand’aventures, tantôt de roman byzantin. Tant l’appellation de roman que la qualification de byzantin sont fautives puisqu’il s’agit en fait de récits poétiques ou en prose antérieurs à la fin du IVe siècle, c’est-à-dire antérieurs à ce qu’il est convenud’appeler historiquement l’ère byzantine. Pour notre part, nous retiendrons l’appellation de roman néo-hellénistique ou roman néo-grec espagnol – voire « roman baroque », à l’instar de Georges Molinié1 – pour qualifier le nouveau genreromanesque créé à partir de ces récits. Nous voyons dans ce genre le développement d’une littérature en adéquation avec les exigences éthiques et esthétiques de l’« utile dulci » horacien. Influencé par le contexte politico-religieux de la Contre-Réforme, le roman néo-grec espagnol ou roman baroque expose de manière plus ou moins patente le thème de la diatribe à propos du libre arbitre et de la prédestination. Le rôle joué au cœur de ces romans par la Providence et le Destin, en particulier sous leur forme emblématique, semble empreint de l’enseignement des dogmes catholiques défendus lors du Concile de Trente. Dans les quatre ouvrages du corpus (El peregrino en su patria de Lope de Vega, Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda de Miguel de Cervantès, Historia de Hipólito y Aminta de Francisco de Quintana, El Criticón de Baltasar Gracián), le problème du déterminisme et celui du salut sont de nombreuses fois soulevés. Cela se produit soit dans des discussions entre les personnages, soit dans le cours même de l’intrigue par l’apparition de phénomènes de prédiction astrologique ou autre mettant en cause les notions de Fortune et de Destin. De la même façon, les personnages, par leur manière d’être et d’agir, évoquent la notion de libre arbitre soulignant ainsi l’importance des actes qu’ils accomplissent pour assurer leur salut. / In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, thanks to the writings of Achilles Tatiusand Heliodorus of Emesa, two Greek authors who lived the first centuries of the Christian era, the Spanish writers rediscover a new particular genre. Those books are either labeled as adventure novels or Byzantine novels. Both the terms “novel” and “Byzantine” are inadequate since those books deal with storylines in prose or in verse dating back to the end of the fifth century, that is to say prior to what is commonly and historically termed as the Byzantine era. We will stick to the expressions “Spanishand Greek novel” or “Baroque novel” as taken up by Georges Molinié in order to label this new fictional genre in which we can perceive the development of a literature more in terms with the ethic and a esthetic standards of the Horacian « utile dulci ».Influenced by the political and religious frame of the Counter Reformation, the Spanish and Greek novel or « Baroque novel » exposes in an underlying way the theme of the diatribe about free will and predestination. The role played byProvidence and Fate in those novels, in particular under their emblematic form, is revealing of the Catholic dogmas defended during the Council of Trent. In the four books of the corpus (El peregrino en su patria by Lope de Vega, Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda written by Miguel de Cervantes, Historia deHipólito y Aminta by Francisco de Quintana, Baltasar Gracian’s El Criticón) the issues of determinism and salvation are being raised. This occurs either during thedialogues, or in the development of the plot through the appearance of phenomena of astrological prediction or of other natures dealing with the notions of Fortune and Destiny. In the same way, the characters – through the way they act and behave –evoke the notion of free will, thus underlining the importance of the actions they accomplish in order to secure their salvation.

Apesar dos modelos usados em engenharia serem, em sua maioria, reconhecidamente aproximados, acredita-se que a matemática usada na física e nos próprios modelos é infinitamente precisa e que tais teorias físicas poderiam prever completamente qualquer evento relacionado às variáveis equacionadas. No limite, seria possível prever o estado do universo em qualquer instante, crença esta chamada de determinismo. Claro está que essa pretensão é apenas de princípio, sendo impossível na prática. No entanto, pesquisas sobre os fundamentos da matemática e outras teorias matemáticas desenvolvidas no século XX sugerem que a matemática (e, consequentemente, a física) teria certos limites inerentes. A análise feita nesta tese fundamenta seus argumentos na Teoria das Funções Recursivas e Computabilidade Efetiva e na Teoria do Caos Determinístico. O objetivo principal é tratar de apurar a existência de limites inerentes e como tais limites se aplicariam aos sistemas elétricos de potência (mais especificamente nos tópicos fluxo de carga, transitórios eletromecânicos, transitórios eletromagnéticos e eletrônica de potência) e à engenharia de controle. / Although the models used in engineering are, in most cases, admittedly approximated, it is believed that the Mathematics used in Physics and in these models, is infinitely precise and that such physical theories could fully predict any event related to variables in equations. In the limit, it would be possible to predict the state of the universe at any moment, this belief is called determinism. It is clear that this claim is only in principle, impossible in practice. However, research on the foundations of Mathematics and other mathematical theories developed in the 20th century suggest that the Mathematics (and hence Physics) would have certain inherent limitations. The analysis made in this thesis has the arguments based on the Theory of Recursive Functions and Effective Computability and the Theory of Deterministic Chaos. The main objective is to find out the existence of inherent limits and how these limits could be applied to electric power systems (more specifically to the topics load flow, electromechanical transient and electromagnetic transient and power electronics) and control engineering.

En Méditerranée, le corail rouge présente un important rôle écologique dans les écosystèmes benthiques de substrat dur. Les conditions environnementales, et notamment thermiques extrêmement contrastées que cette espèce subit sur l'ensemble de son aire de répartition, en font un modèle intéressant pour l'étude de l'adaptation locale. Dans un premier temps, nous avons confirmé que les différences d'expressions de gènes étaient maintenues au cours du temps, en absence de stress thermique chez des individus issus de profondeurs différentes à Marseille. Certains des gènes identifiés sont de bons candidats pour l'étude de l'adaptation locale et de forts arguments en faveur de la conservation de cette fonction chez les cnidaires. Afin d'identifier d'éventuelles bases génétiques de l'adaptation locale chez le corail rouge, nous avons mis en place un protocole d'échantillonnage de paires de populations `surface vs profondeurs' dans trois régions géographiques différentes suivi d'un séquençage via RAD-Séquençage. L'analyse de la structure génétique neutre indique une connectivité réduite entre les populations de surface et à fois populations de surface et les populations profondes qui pourrait limiter les capacités de recolonisation des populations les plus exposées aux pressions du changement global. Nous avons identifié un signal probable d'adaptation locale, sans qu'une convergence dans les gènes ou les fonctions candidats n'ait été observée. L'analyse de la structure génétique chez le corail rouge a conduit à l'identification de marqueurs génétiques du sexe. / The Mediterranean red coral has an important ecological role in Mediterranean benthic ecosystems and is submitted to major anthropic pressures because of its direct (exploitation) and indirect (attractivity for recreational scuba-diving) economical values. Because of the extremely contrasted thermal conditions it deals with along his range the red coral is an interesting model for the study of local adaptation. We first confirmed that gene expression differences were maintained along time, in absence of thermal stress in individuals from different depths in Marseille. Some of these genes were good candidates for the study of local adaptation and strong arguments supporting the conservation of this function in cnidaria.In order to identify potential genetic basis of the local adaptation in the red coral, we built a sampling design of pairs of `shallow vs deep' populations in three geographical regions and sequenced via RAD-Sequencing the corresponding individuals. The analysis of neutral genetic structure of the studied populations highlighted a limited connectivity of shallow populations with both shallow populations and deep populations that could counteract recolonization abilities of population the most exposed to global change. Several methodological obstacles have been met in the detection of loci under selection in such strongly structured species. By keeping in mind these potential biases, we highlighted a potential signal of local adaptation in Marseille and Corsica, without any convergence in candidates genes and functions. The analysis of the genetic structure of the red coral led us to the identification of sex genetic markers.

La conception d’un réseau de communication de sécurité basée sur l’Ethernet temps réel répondant aux exigences de la norme PESSRAL, dérivée de l’IEC 61508, constitue la base de notre travail. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, nous mettons en oeuvre des mécanismes permettant de réduire la probabilité d’erreur et d’atteindre les niveaux d’intégrité de sécurité (SIL) par l’utilisation d’un système électronique déterministe. Avec un seul canal de communication, notre système doit être capable d’intégrer des fonctions critiques et non critiques sans remettre en cause la certification du système.Lors de cet engagement nous proposons un système de communication industrielle basé sur l’Ethernet temps réel. Les interfaces de communication proposées répondent aux exigences de réactivité, de déterminisme pour garantir les contraintes temporelles imposées par le processus et la norme. Pour assurer la sécurité fonctionnelle des interfaces, nous avons proposé une surcouche de type "safety" qui implémente des fonctions de sécurité selon le concept du canal noir défini dans l’IEC 61508. En nous basant sur ces propriétés, nous avons réussi à classifier les solutions temps réel à base d’Ethernet en trois classes en fonction du temps de cycle. La surcouche "safety", basée sur la redondance de données, a permis de renoncer à la solution de redondance physique. Cette redondance de données duplique le temps de cycle initial du réseau qui satisfait néanmoins aux conditions de sécurité et temporelles de la norme. / The design of a communication network with a real-time Ethernet-based security that meets the requirements of the PESSRAL standard, derived from IEC 61508, is the basis of our work. In order to achieve this goal, we implement mechanisms reducing the residual error probability and achieving Safety Integrity Levels (SIL) via a deterministic electronic system. Through a single communication channel, our system must be able to integrate critical and non-critical functions without compromising the system certification.According to this commitment, we suggest an industrial communication system based on real-time Ethernet. The proposed communication interfaces meet the requirements of responsiveness and determinism in order to guarantee the temporal constraints imposed by the process and the standard. To ensure the functional safety of the interfaces, we have proposed a "safety" overlay that implements security functions according to the concept of the black channel defined in IEC 61508. Based on these properties, we have managed to classify the Ethernet-based real-time solutions into three classes in terms of cycle time. The overlay "safety", based on the redundancy of data, made it possible to give up the solution of physical redundancy. This data redundancy duplicates the initial cycle time of the network, which nonetheless satisfies the security and time conditions of the standard.

When seen among the constellation of Edgar Allan Poe's works culminating in Eureka, "The Colloquy of Monos and Una" and "The Mystery of Marie Rogêt," take on an important role as vehicles for scientific contemplation. Similar to early quantum physicists, such as Einstein and Schrödinger, Poe uses macro-level analogies to explore the unity of individual entities, which becomes an important tenet of his explanation of the universe. His thought experiments also resemble those of modern physics in their approach to reality as probabilistic, an idea that finds its echo in quantum field theory, which distinguishes between observed particles and their underlying existence as vibrations in a field rather than distinct units. In this thesis, I use specific examples from "Monos and Una" to demonstrate that the barrier between individuals blurs when viewed from the perspective of a unified field. I also examine ways that "Marie Rogêt" expands the idea of a unified field in terms of entangled individuals and correlated events, and pushes against the Newtonian deterministic tradition. In the context of Poe's body of work, these stories depart from the aesthetic that characterizes many of his most widely-read stories, in that their exploration of the scientific seems to overtake the narrative. However, their composition, which leaves some readers dissatisfied, expertly comments on the dichotomy between the observed and the real, and the role that narrative plays in interpreting experience.

L’essor des réseaux AFDX comme infrastructure de communication entre les équipements de bord des aéronefs civils motive de nombreux travaux de recherche pour réduire les délais de communication tout en garantissant un haut niveau de déterminisme et de qualité de service. Cette thèse traite de l’effet des accolements de trames sur l’End System de réception, notamment sur le buffer interne afin de garantir une non perte de trames et un dimensionnement mémoire optimal. Une modélisation pire cas du flux de trames est réalisée selon une première méthode pessimiste, basée sur un flux de trames périodiques ; puis une seconde, plus optimiste, basée sur des intervalles de réception et un placement de trames itératif. Une étude probabiliste met en œuvre des distributions gaussiennes pour évaluer les probabilités d’occurrences des pires cas d’accolements et apporte un éclairage qui ouvre une discussion sur la pertinence de ne considérer que la modélisation pire cas pour dimensionner le buffer de réception. Un gain mémoire supplémentaire peut être obtenu par la mise en œuvre de la compression sans perte LZW. / The rise of AFDX networks as a communication infrastructure between on-board equipment of civil aircraft motivates many research projects to reduce communication delays while guaranteeing a high level of determination and quality of service. This thesis deals with the effect of the back-ot-back frame reception on the reception End System, in particular, on the internal buffer, in order to guarantee a non-loss of frames and optimal memory dimensioning. A worst-case modeling of the frame flow is carried out according to a first pessimistic method, based on a periodic frame flow. Then a more optimistic method is presented based on the reception intervals and an iterative frame placement. A probabilistic study implements Gaussian distributions to evaluate the occurrence probabilities of the worst back-to-back frames and provides an illumination that opens a discussion on the relevance of not considering the worst-case modeling to size the reception buffer. Additional memory gain can be achieved by implementing LZW lossless compression.