Yes / Purpose: The COVID-19 outbreak has imposed extensive shocks embracing all stages of the food supply chain (FSC). Although the magnitude is still unfolding, the FSC responds with remarkable speed, to mitigate the disruptive consequences and sustain operations. This motivates us to investigate how operationalising supply chain agility (SCA) practices has occurred amid the COVID-19 crisis and expectations for how those practices could transform the supply chain in the post-COVID-19 era. Design: Following an exploratory case-based design, we examine the various agile responses that three supply chains (meat, fresh vegetables and bread) adopted and elaborate using the dynamic capability (DC) theoretical lens. Findings: First, the findings demonstrate how, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, each affected case pursued various agile responses through sensing and seizing capabilities. Sensing includes identifying and assessing the relevant opportunities and threats associated with the specific supply chain context. Seizing involves acquiring, combining and modifying the tangible and intangible resources at the firm and supply chain levels. Second, supply chain transformation is likely if firms and their supply chain develop the sustaining capability to ensure that the desirable changes outlast the crisis. Originality: This study provides a novel and unique perspective on the role of SCA in crisis—in this case, the pandemic. We synthesise the empirical stories of the agile responses in the FSC and elaborate on the DC framework, to identify theoretical and practical implications. We establish the sustaining capability as the missing DC capability for enabling transformation in the post-COVID-19 era. Practical contribution: This study provides an actionable guide for practitioners to develop agile responses to systemic changes in times of crisis and to sustain favourable changes so as to enable their outlasting the crisis. / Project 777742: EC H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017

Yes / There are various kinds of applications of BDA in the firms. Not many studies are there which deal with the impact of BDA towards issues like forecasting, decision-making, as well as performance of the firms simultaneously. So, there exists a gap in the research. In such a background, this study aims at examining the impacts of BDA on the process of decision-making, forecasting, as well as firm performance. Using resource-based view (RBV) as well as dynamic capability view (DCV) and related research studies, a research model was proposed conceptually. This conceptual model was validated taking help of PLS-SEM approach considering 366 respondents from Indian firms. This study has highlighted that smart decision making and accurate forecasting process can be achieved by using BDA. This research has demonstrated that there is a considerable influence of adoption of BDA on decision making process, forecasting process, as well as overall firm performance. However, the present study suffers from the fact that the study results depend on the cross-sectional data which could invite defects of causality and endogeneity bias. The present research work also found that there is no impact of different control variables on the firm's performance.

Background – Inertia describes a state whereby companies develop slower relative the pace of change experienced by their environment, something most organizations experience at least once in their lifetime. Being in the state of inertia and consequently failing to adapt to change cause new businesses to replace old ones. Therefore, it is important for firms to be dynamic, which enables them to quickly recognize opportunities and threats. A way for companies to answer to these changes is to possess dynamic capabilities, which is found to be a solution for inertia. Digital innovation has played a key role in the evolution of dynamic environments. In order for companies to adapt to changing environments, the need for digital adaptation is becoming increasingly crucial. As a result, digital and social platforms have rapidly emerged throughout society, forcing companies to act to avoid stagnating in their development.   Purpose - This thesis aims to analyze how the utilization of Facebook as a dynamic capability can prevent inertia through the microscope of the Dynamic Capability Framework.   Method - Empirical data was collected through an interview study with employees at strategy and digital media consultancy firms. The participants possess extensive knowledge in the field of strategic implementation of social media. Primary data was gathered through semi-structured interviews and was analyzed in relation to the reviewed theory within inertia, dynamic capabilities, and digital innovation, by a thematic analysis. Findings - The findings of this thesis indicate that by dynamically utilizing Facebook, companies can extensively explore markets. This allows companies to continuously align existing resources by adapting and acting on identified trends within markets. Since these are actions within the Dynamic Capability Framework, a conclusion can be drawn that the usage of Facebook can be a dynamic capability. The usage of Facebook can therefore prevent organizations from entering the state of inertia. The findings further show that in order for the utilization of Facebook to be a dynamic capability, companies must possess extensive user skills and competencies. This research adds to the existing theory of digital media and business development by examining the usage of the social media platform, Facebook, through the lens of the Dynamic Capability Framework.

個案公司自1988年創立迄今已超過22年，主要從事證券經紀、自營、承銷三大業務的證券公司。證券經紀業務由於在外部投資商品日漸多元、客戶結構改變、市場進入成熟期手續費競爭激烈，雖然個案公司歷經幾次購併，但是營收成長仍受大環境的影響，無法持續成長。此時主管機關開放證券公司從事財富管理業務，公司開始思考如何進行策略重定位，並透過一連串營運活動的轉變，從過去的證券市場切入到財富管理市場，公司主要以台股為主的營運策略，期望藉由法規的開放，轉型成為多元化的商品，除了服務客戶台股之外，也可以開始進行全方位的商品服務，從台股跨向國際市場。個案公司過去藉由購併將公司規模擴大，希望可以透過新法規的開放，開始重新調整公司整體的策略定位，並根據策略重定位調整原本以台股商品為中心的運作，以利策略的執行。總結上述一連串的轉變，背後支持個案公司得以成功轉型的關鍵在於公司動態回應市場變化的能力，進而形成維持持續成長的動態能力。準此，本研究主要目的即在探討個案公司如何有效運用環境、策略與結構這三層構面彼此的最適互動，來協助其達到成長的目的。 / The corporation in this individual case has been built for 22 years since 1988. It is a securities that provides brokerage, proprietary trading and underwriting. Nowadays the securities business is challenged by product diversification, client structural change, and competitive service charge in mature market. Although the firm has gone through several merge and acquisition, the gross rate of sale is still limited and impacted by the influence of big environment. Meanwhile, the competent authority permits wealth management services in securities industry. The firm starts to reconsider the strategic position which focuses from securities to wealth management market via a series of operating activates, from Taiwan stock to diverse products via law permission, and from domestic to internal market via full-functioning financial service. In summary of above of all transitions, the key success factor of transformation for this company is the dynamic adaptive capability, and the long term growth path also depends on it. Consequently, the topic of this paper discusses the fit among environment, strategy and structure, which enables the company to remain continued competitive advantage.

科技的發展日新月異，產業變動也愈來愈激烈，而新舊技術的交替更是頻繁，企業如何創造並維持其競爭優勢，一直是各方關注的議題。 現今的企業面對產業環境與消費者喜好的高度不確定性，企業如何面對、認知，以及正確回應環境的變動，適時更新企業的競爭優勢，才能在隨時變動遊戲規格的快速競爭環境中生存。企業在過往所建構的競爭障礙，諸如稀少、無法模仿、無法替代的資源，一旦面臨大環境的變化，如果企業的組織流程、資源配置，以及發展途徑未能與時俱進，企業將在短時間內被迫退出市場。 本研究所探討的個案公司由光儲存晶片市場崛起，並以破壞式創新的商業模式快速進入手機晶片市場，一舉成為中國手機晶片市場的霸主。但是近年來智慧型手機的快速興起，動搖了個案公司原本的市場地位，導致營收與獲利績效均不若以往。 本研究以動態能力的觀點，分析個案公司在發展歷程中各個階段的資源分佈與能耐結構，同時配合產業與市場環境的變遷，描繪出個案公司的動態能力演進過程。之後亦針對個案公司近來面臨的困境，藉由動態能力的觀點，分析其原因以作為其他企業發展借鏡。

在歷經開發報禁、有線電視市場興起和網路時代來臨這種種的內外環境的衝擊與變革之後，在21世紀迎接台灣報業的，是看來一場比一場嚴苛的考驗，對外，要不斷提升自身的市場價值，對內，則必須持續的降低成本，更重要的，當經營者意識到市場的基盤有了結構性的變革時，以報業本身的核心資源來發展新營收模式也就成了中外報業經營者共同的重要策略方向。 創辦超過半世紀，佈局全球的聯合報系自2000年前後開始進入另一段全新的戰鬥時期，除了報業的原有競爭對手，更有電波媒體前力分食讀者與廣告各項資源，於是「定位」、「開源」、「節流」就成了這個全球最大民營報業集團的三大轉型手段。 在「定位」工作上，聯合報系開始把競爭對手的範疇擴大到報業之外，甚至把有線電視媒體都設定成競爭對手，同時利用內外整合的方式，把自己從原先的「報業」定位上移到到「知識加值服務業」。 在「開源」工作上，聯合報系加強早年已經開始著手的積極爭取業外營收，進一步的爭取各共重大公共活動的標案與主辦，同時更利用既有的種種核心資源，鼓勵員工多想點子以帶進更多營收。 在「節流」的工作上，除了持續檢討人力，更引進e化工程提高各單位的工作效率。 回顧這幾年聯合報系的發展過程中，許多運作其實都印證了策略管理理論中關於「核心資源」與「動態能耐」的討論內涵，其中又以「2004年台灣花卉博覽會」為最具代表性的創新行動。 本研究發現，聯合報系在花博會中的創新行動中歷經了「事業機會發現」、「資源開採」、「打破組織常規」、「資源整合創新」等策略議題內容，可視為台灣報業為尋求新發展方向一次代表性的創新嚐試，其中的機會與挑戰將不會是單一且暫時性的，本研究的相關結論，或可期為未來台灣媒體產業思考未來發展的參考。 / After pass through the big wave of the “Deregulation of newspaper” 、”Cable TV shocking” and “Internet booming” which all make the newspaper industry dramatically transformation, for newspaper company in Taiwan ,the road ahead is the uncountable tough challenge. So no matter what local and worldwide, all the newspaper company make the effort for both side work so call “cost down” and “value up”, most strategy are focus on the two way necessary , root on the core competence and expands business scope, for this, the company needs to make inner innovative activity , both to relocate resource and structuralize new ability , just like to provide the news service on the web , or the database searching even to start up some new business。 The UDNgroup is the largest private news group in the Chinese world , from about ten years ago in Tawian (UDNgroup headquarter) the company has doing many changing in business operation which is all lock in “ repositioning” 、”expand income resource” 、”cost cut” these three dimension. Especially , in the 2004, UDNgroup as a main business partner of the government of Chiang Hwa county(彰化縣政府) to initial the「2004TFE(Taiwan Flower Expo)」，in this cooperation , UDNgroup has showing many capability of strategy management to decompose the some inner resource and then reassemble some new resource and capability for the TFE. This research is the case study between strategy management of UDNgroup and TFE, to find and understand how can UDNgroup to make a good job in the TFE? And the focus is to know about the factor of “Dynamic Capability” .

動態能力（Dynamic Capability）在探討企業面對動態的環境時該如何去適應、調整，以持續維持競爭力。自從被David J. Teece（1997）提出就一直是學者們非常關注的議題。 本研究探討動態能力、供應鏈能力以及客戶滿意度三者之間的關係，其中我們將動態能力再細分為適應能力（Adaptive capability）和協調能力（Coordinate Capability）。根據過去動態能力的研究，我們知道動態能力屬於企業的一種高階能力，它能夠透過影響不同的二階執行面能力（Operational capability）來間接影響企業的表現。過去有學者討論行銷、製造、科技等不同執行面能力，卻很少有學者將動態能力和供應鏈管理兩者做連結，因此本研究欲彌補這中間的空缺。本研究樣本來自第四輪高績效工廠計畫（High Performance manufacturing，HPM），共71筆台灣區工廠的資料，並採用SmartPLS3.0統計軟體分析。研究結果發現動態能力中的適應和協調能力皆對供應鏈能力有正向的影響，且再次驗證供應鏈能力能顯著提升客戶滿意度。此外，本研究還發現越依賴資訊科技的企業，其適應能力對供應鏈能力的影響越劇烈。愈拉近動態能力和供應鏈領域之間的連結。 / Dynamic capability is about how firm should adapt and adjust to retain their competitiveness in this constant changing dynamic environment. David J. Teece brought up the concept, and since then, has been the center of attention for scholars all over the world. In this research, we talk about the relationships between dynamic capacities, supply chain capabilities, and customer satisfaction, dynamic capability is further dissected into adaptive capability and coordinate capability. According to past research, dynamic capabilities are characterized as higher-order competencies, and it can impact firm’s performance through enhancing its operational capabilities, or the second-order competencies of the firm. In the past, many discussions were conducted with marketing capability, manufacturing capability, technology capability, etc., as the operational capability, while few link the concept of dynamic capability with supply chain management, we wish to shorten the gap between the two. Our data came from the fourth round of HPM (High Performance Manufacturing) project, with a total of 71 Taiwanese manufacturing companies. We use SmartPLS 3.0 software to run our analysis. Our findings suggest a positive relationship between dynamic capabilities and supply chain capabilities, an increase in either adaptive or coordinate capability will result in enhancing supply chain capability, while an increase in supply chain capability will results higher customer satisfaction. We further discovered that companies with higher dependency on information technology will have a stronger relationship between adaptive capability and supply chain capability.

Background: With the emergence of new digital technologies, the ongoing digital transformation is argued to heavily impact core societal pillars such as logistics and transportation. This has generated unique challenges and introduced an increasing need for organizations to take steps towards innovating their business models. Thus, a popular theoretical lens for keeping up with disruptive changes through business model innovation (BMI) is via the dynamic capability framework – consisting of sensing, seizing as well as transforming microfoundations. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis was to explore digital transformation through the framework of dynamic capabilities within the logistics and transportation industry. The study aimed at investigating the nature of building dynamic capabilities for business model innovation towards the ongoing digital transformation. Methodology: To explore how organizations build dynamic capabilities for business model innovation towards digital transformation, this study was carried out using semi-structured interviews. The interviews consisted of 11 participants in various senior management positions at 6 case companies whom are all global actors in the logistics and transportation industry. Additionally, documentary secondary data was included to provide additional information about the case companies. Findings: Our study revealed that business model innovation for digital transformation consisted of processes within 3 domains – new digital products & services, new markets & segments, as well as key partnerships. Additionally, the findings of our study acknowledged that logistics and transportation enterprises build dynamic capabilities via a total of 13 activities. These included: digital scanning and information management; digital learning; internal communication; digital asset investment; agile working; external partnerships; organizational restructuring; dynamic mindset; change management; and power redistribution. Finally, our study found that the main challenges for building dynamic capabilities towards BMI involved: size, agile working, data management and the changing of old mindsets.

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-07T22:58:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeFroehlich.pdf: 4288616 bytes, checksum: 14ea45d610e9a3adcfbb04333a27dfa8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-07T22:58:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristianeFroehlich.pdf: 4288616 bytes, checksum: 14ea45d610e9a3adcfbb04333a27dfa8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho analisa o desenvolvimento da capacidade de inovação como meio para alavancar a sustentabilidade empresarial. Para atender a questão de pesquisa e os objetivos do estudo, utitilizou-se a abordagem das capacidades dinâmicas que apresenta as capacidades dinâmicas necessárias para auxiliar o desenvolvimento da capacidade de inovação e mostra como essas capacidades dinâmicas podem ser desenvolvidas para suportar a capacidade de inovação. No decorrer do estudo, verificou-se que essa abordagem esclarece como desenvolver a capacidade de inovação, mas não explica como alavancar a sustentabilidade empresarial. Devido a essa limitação, recorreu-se a abordagem da inovação sustentável que apresenta elementos que ampliam o escopo de atuação da capacidade de inovação para além do pilar econômico, contemplando os pilares ambiental e social da sustentabilidade empresarial. Para essa pesquisa, foram realizados dois estudos de caso qualitativos com características exploratória e descritiva. Para os estudos de caso, foram selecionadas as Empresas Artecola que se destacam pelas inovações em produtos e processos, e o Hospital Mãe de Deus que se destaca pelas inovações em serviços e processos. Os dados foram coletados através de 19 entrevistas semiestruturadas com as pessoas indicadas pelas próprias empresas e por meio de documentos disponibilizados. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo qualitativa com apoio do software NVivo versão 10. Esta tese propõe como principal resultado da pesquisa a necessidade de desenvolvimento da capacidade de inovação sustentável, integrando as abordagens das capacidades dinâmicas e da inovação sustentável para alavancar a sustentabilidade empresarial. / The present work analyses the development of innovation capability in a way of leveraging entrepreneurial sustainability. In order to answer the research question and the study goals, we have used the approach of dynamic capability, which presents the necessary capabilities to help the development of innovation capability and shows how these capabilities could be developed to support to innovation capability. Based on the research field, we have verified that this approach clarifies how to develop the innovation capability, but it did not explain how to leverage the entrepreneurial sustainability. Due to this limitation, we have run the approach of sustainable innovation, which presents elements that wide the branches of performance of innovation capabilities beyond the economic pillar, contemplating environmental and social issues of entrepreneurial sustainability. In this research, two studies over qualitative cases had been used with exploratory and descriptive characteristics. For the study of case, we selected two companies based on their experiences with innovation. More specifically, Artecola Enterprises have been selected due to its experience with product and process innovations, and Mãe de Deus Hospital due to its process and service innovations experience. Data have been collected on 19 semi structured interviews with people indicated by the enterprises themselves and through available documents. Data have been analyzed based on a qualitative contente analysis using NVivo version 10 software as a support. The main research results point out the necessity of developing sustainable innovation capabilities, including the approaches of dynamic capability and also sustainable innovation to leverage the entrepreneurial sustainability.

在實戰經驗中，創造價值的根基來自組織核心能力和組織知識流通，同時深受內外部技術知識網路互動機制的影響。從文獻和實際個案探討中發現幾項特徵： 一、技術知識特質專屬性程度低，影響企業技術知識網路傾向與外部結合，專屬性程度高則傾向與內部結合。技術知識外顯程度低而附著於人時，內部技術知識網路傾向集中；外顯程度文件化高時，內部技術知識網路則傾向分散。 二、內部技術知識網路分工精細，組織知識較多樣化，組織知識流通漸趨複雜，必須經由專案團隊的組成和跨疆界的連結，促進組織知識的流通。軟體產品開發團隊成員包括：結構工程師(Architect)、產品經理(PM)、研發工程師(RD))、測試工程師(QA)以及介面設計工程師(PC)。 三、內部技術網路跨疆界的連結，促進組織動態能耐的演進。內部技術知識網路依靠主要成員開創和維繫，同時為組織核心能力之形成，奠定發展根基。組織知識的流通，非常需要團隊跨層級、跨功能、跨疆界順暢無礙的運作。 四、內部技術知識網路連結機制有效的建立和運用，直接影響組織知識的吸收、創造、和蓄積。企業應相當著重溝通機制的設計和推動。如老手帶新手的師徒制、各種例行會議、技術交流會、超聯結式的空中飛人、進駐現場、內部學習網站，都是用心營造組織知識的吸收、創造、和蓄積的良好連結機制。 五、顧客知識成為技術知識重要來源，有助於組織知識吸引、創造和蓄積，強化組織能力。 六、在Internet時代，因應科技變化，發展網際網路化(Weblization)技術知識，融合擴張以建構專屬核心能力。讓顧客能力成為組織技術知識的來源。並能乘科技興起之勢(Free Energy)，創新商業模式，發揮善用組織知識，創造企業全新價值。