Ce travail fait l’analyse du concept de « principe de coordination » tel qu’il se développe au sein de la théorie coordinative de la connaissance, et plus particulièrement au sein du mouvement empiriste-logique, à partir de la deuxième décennie du XXème siècle. Ce concept est primordial lorsqu’il s’agit de comprendre la manière dont la définition des concepts de grandeur en physique se construit comme la mise en rapport, la coordination, des variables mathématiques de la théorie avec les opérations de mesure dans le laboratoire. L’enjeu est de montrer qu’un des concepts centraux de l’empirisme au XXème siècle est utilisé initialement, par Schlick et Reichenbach, pour analyser la théorie de la relativité, mais qu’il devient rapidement l’outil d’un programme plus spécifique, entrepris par Carnap et Hempel, de reconstruction logique des théories physiques. Pourtant ce concept, pris au sein de l’épistémologie coordinative, permet un empirisme qui laisse une place au développement historique des concepts de grandeur. Analysé et compris correctement il peut permettre de poser les fondements d’un empirisme historique, au sein duquel les concepts théoriques ne seraient plus reconstruits seulement à partir des mesures empiriques, mais aussi à partir des concepts hérités de théories historiquement antérieures. / This work analyzes the concept of "principle of coordination" as it develops within the coordinative theory of knowledge, and more particularly within the empiricist-logical movement, from the second decade of the twentieth century. This concept is essential to understand the way in which the definition of the concepts of magnitude in physics is constructed as the linking, the coordination, of the mathematical variables of the theory with the measurement operations in the laboratory. The challenge is to show that one of the central concepts of empiricism in the twentieth century is used initially, by Schlick and Reichenbach, to analyze the theory of relativity, but that it quickly becomes the tool of a more specific program, undertaken by Carnap and Hempel, of logical reconstruction of physical theories. Yet this concept, along with other concepts from coordinative epistemology, allows an empiricism that leaves room for the historical development of the concepts of magnitude. Analyzed and understood correctly, it can lay the foundations of a historical empiricism, in which theoretical concepts would no longer be reconstructed only from empirical measurements, but also from concepts inherited from historically antecedent theories.

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This dissertation investigates the appropriation of material from one scientific field into another in the early Hellenistic period, 300-150 BCE. Appropriation from one science into another led to the emergence of new concepts in a community of scientists. Herophilus of Chalcedon’s appropriation of musical rhythms led to the emergence of the pulse as a materio-semiotic object for Rationalist physicians. Archimedes of Syracuse’s appropriation of mechanical concepts of weighing led to the emergence of the mechanical method as a scientific way of seeing for practicing mathematicians. But objects and concepts emerging from cross-scientific appropriation had ideological consequences for scientific methodology within individual scientific communities. Archimedes prioritized a formal Euclidean proof over that offered by the mechanical method because of the standards of proof demanded by the community of practicing mathematicians. The sect of Empiricist physicians rejected Rationalist medicine and promoted the individual doctor’s role and authority as a medical caregiver. The dissertation’s sum tells a story of increasing but limited strategies of naturalization within the sciences of the early Hellenistic period. / text

Le design urbain, dimension de la pratique urbanistique, consiste principalement en la manipulation de la forme urbaine selon une démarche ciblée et encadrée. Les approches sont aussi nombreuses que diversifiées. On peut néanmoins les classer en deux catégories : les approches visant la forme urbaine en tant qu‟objet qui contient l‟organisation formelle de la ville et celles qui visent le travail sur la forme urbaine afin d‟organiser la dynamique urbaine humaine. Les deux types d‟approches soutiennent différentes démarches d‟aménagement qui contribuent à développer la forme urbaine et la dynamique des lieux. Parmi celles-ci se trouve la vision de type empirique, laquelle vise l‟expérience urbaine à l‟échelle du piéton. Les écrits et les théories à ce sujet sont variés et pertinents. La présente recherche porte sur la transposition des prescriptions empiriques dans la planification d‟un projet qui intègre une démarche de design urbain. Au moyen d‟une étude de cas, la Cité multimédia à Montréal, il s‟agit de comprendre plus spécifiquement comment le canevas maître du design urbain, soit l‟espace public, est étudié et reformulé et ce, en accordant une attention particulière pour la dimension empirique du futur aménagement. Quelles sont les balises ou les composantes qui permettent à la dimension empirique de se déployer dans la conception d‟un projet urbain qui vise une reformulation de la forme urbaine? / Urban design, a dimension of urbanistic practice, principaly consists in urban forms manipulations according to a formal and targeted approach. Approaches are numerous and diversified, altought they can be classified in two categories: those who consider the urban form as an object including the city's formal organisation and those who consider the work on the urban form as a way to organise the city's humane dynamics. Both of them support specific planning approaches that contribute to the urban form and location dynamcs developpement. Among these, the empirical type vision targets the pedestrian scale urban experience. Litterature and theories are various and pertinent. The present research concerns transposition of empirical prescriptions in the planning of a project that includes an urban design approach. Threw a case study, Montreal's Cité du Multimédia, the goal is to understand more specificaly how the public space, urban design's master grid, is studied considering the empiric dimension of the developpement. What are the markers or components allowing the empirical dimension to develop in the planning of a project that includes reformulation of the urban form?

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This dissertation explores the connections that exist between Gertrude Steins late nineteenth-century psychological studies at Harvard University, her fin-de-sicle brain research at the Johns Hopkins Medical School, and her early twentieth-century cubist writings. This study is important to neuraesthetic researchers, because it appears that Stein produced a secret series of cubist brain maps from approximately 1912 to 1935, and then published her first explicit brain map in _The Geographical History of America or the Relation of Human Nature to the Human Mind_, in 1936. The cubist brain maps that Stein produced during this period can be conceptualized as evolving, neuraesthetic writing practices that reflect her complex, scientific insights and her varied, artistic associations. One of the primary differences between Steins cubist writings and those of her literary peers is that she deploys the cubist painting strategies of Pablo Picasso, for the purpose of portraying the human central nervous system. In addition to exploring the scientific meanings of Steins multidimensional, performative and introspective cubist puns, my study examines how Stein uses color in her cubist writings, as a means of anticipating the visual effects of future scientific discoveries and connectivity maps, such as the Brainbow system, which uses the fluorescent protein from the jellyfish Aequorea Victoria to label the central nervous systems of genetically modified mice with distinguishable colors. Also, this project examines how Stein uses color words and other simple devices from the English language to illustrate the brains cellular structures, neural networks and neuroanatomical features. This studys primary aim is to explore how Steins dissociative writings function within western culture as neuraesthetic modes of masterpiece creation, brain representation and consciousness translation. Through the serial production of cubist brain maps, Stein posed important questions about the modern science of the reading brain. By developing allegorical methods of brain representation, Stein contributes to the western practice of neuroesthetics by foregrounding the role that creative writing plays in the production of imaginary, laboratory practices and imaginative, brain imaging technologies.

Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Economic and Financial Studies, Dept. of Statistics, 2008. / Bibliography: p. 73-77. / Introduction -- Lévy processes used in option pricing -- Option pricing for Lévy processes -- Option pricing based on empirical characteristic functions -- Performance of the five models on historical data -- Conclusions -- References -- Appendix A. Proofs -- Appendix B. Supplements -- Appendix C. Matlab programs. / Pricing problems of financial derivatives are among the most important ones in Quantitative Finance. Since 1973 when a Nobel prize winning model was introduced by Black, Merton and Scholes the Brownian Motion (BM) process gained huge attention of professionals professionals. It is now known, however, that stock market log-returns do not follow the very popular BM process. Derivative pricing models which are based on more general Lévy processes tend to perform better. --Carr & Madan (1999) and Lewis (2001) (CML) developed a method for vanilla options valuation based on a characteristic function of asset log-returns assuming that they follow a Lévy process. Assuming that at least part of the problem is in adequate modeling of the distribution of log-returns of the underlying price process, we use instead a nonparametric approach in the CML formula and replaced the unknown characteristic function with its empirical version, the Empirical Characteristic Functions (ECF). We consider four modifications of this model based on the ECF. The first modification requires only historical log-returns of the underlying price process. The other three modifications of the model need, in addition, a calibration based on historical option prices. We compare their performance based on the historical data of the DAX index and on ODAX options written on the index between the 1st of June 2006 and the 17th of May 2007. The resulting pricing errors show that one of our models performs, at least in the cases considered in the project, better than the Carr & Madan (1999) model based on calibration of a parametric Lévy model, called a VG model. --Our study seems to confirm a necessity of using implied parameters, apart from an adequate modeling of the probability distribution of the asset log-returns. It indicates that to precisely reproduce behaviour of the real option prices yet other factors like stochastic volatility need to be included in the option pricing model. Fortunately the discrepancies between our model and real option prices are reduced by introducing the implied parameters which seem to be easily modeled and forecasted using a mixture of regression and time series models. Such approach is computationaly less expensive than the explicit modeling of the stochastic volatility like in the Heston (1993) model and its modifications. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / x, 111 p. ill., charts

Malgré sa condamnation post-positiviste et sa réception négative par la gauche, l’empirisme logique regagne en intérêt. Cette thèse est une contribution à la littérature émergente du «Cercle de Vienne de gauche» (CVG). Autour de Neurath et quelques autres personnalités de l’aile gauche du Cercle (Carnap, Frank, Hahn, Zilsel), nous proposons de repenser la relation de l’empirisme logique avec le marxisme. Ces deux courants se rejoignent dans leur défense d’une «conception scientifique du monde» et leur sécularisme radical. Les critiques communistes et néo-marxistes (l’École de Francfort, l’épistémologie féministe) adressées à l’empirisme logique sont recensées et leur pertinence questionnée à travers les données de l’historiographie du CVG. La politique de l’empirisme logique est examinée à travers les textes économiques de Neurath et son œuvre d’infographiste. Son engagement pour l’économie socialiste planifiée et ses efforts en graphisme pour la popularisation des méthodes quantitatives (la méthode Isotype pour la visualisation des statistiques sociales) sont présentés en vue d’une évaluation politique du CVG, ainsi que les connexions de l’empirisme logique avec le mouvement pour une langue auxiliaire internationale. / Despite logical empiricism’s dismissal by ambient postpositivism in academia as well as by the Far Left, a growing interest in its previously unknown socialist origins has resulted in a new topic in the history of philosophy of science : «Left Vienna Circle» (LVC). This thesis dedicated to LVC studies aims to clarify the politics of European logical empiricism. A presentation of its major critics from the Left (from communist parties to neo-Marxist trends like Frankfurt School and feminist epistemology) is followed by more recent arguments about its socialist politics. The «scientific world conceptions» of logical empiricism and Marxism will be compared through the work of Neurath and some other representatives of LVC (Carnap, Frank, Zilsel, Hahn). Alongside the connections of logical empiricism to the movement for an international auxiliary language, Neurath’s economical writings and his efforts to popularize quantitative methods in social sciences (the Isotype method of visual statistics) will be presented in an attempt to evaluate the politics of logical empiricism.

Si Marivaux est connu pour son analyse des sentiments et de la métaphysique du coeur, ses personnages, dotés d’une vie intérieure complexe, ont aussi un corps. Afin de proposer une lecture méthodique et transversale du corps, nous prenons comme corpus de départ l’intégralité des oeuvres de Marivaux, sans distinction de genre ni d’époque. Il en ressort qu’il n’y a pas un corps marivaudien, unique et systématique qui traverserait toutes les oeuvres marivaudiennes sans être affecté par le contexte de production, mais des corps qui correspondent à des époques et à des choix d’écriture. Pour établir ces ensembles génériques et chronologiques, nous nous intéressons aux particularités des différents genres littéraires (roman, théâtre, périodique, travestissement burlesque etc.) pratiqués par Marivaux et au contexte de production des oeuvres marivaudiennes (la seconde Querelle des Anciens et des Modernes, le renouvellement de l’Académie royale des sciences et le contexte philosophique de la diffusion de la théorie empiriste de Locke). / If Marivaux is primarily renowned for his in-depth analysis of feelings and his metaphysics of the heart, his characters, who have a complex inner life, also have a body. In order to offer a methodical and horizontal reading of the body, we focus on all of Marivaux’s works, without distinction of literary genre or period. There appears to be no standardized or systematic representation of the body spanning all Marivaux’s works without being influenced by the context of production, but rather, various bodies whose characteristics are informed by periods and choices of writing. In order to define these generic and chronological groupings, we explore the features of the different literary genres (novel, theater, periodical, burlesque travesty, etc.) used by Marivaux and the context of his works (Homeric Warfare, the renewal of the Royal Academy of Sciences, and the growing influence of Locke’s theory of empiricism).

O presente estudo constitui-se na Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade de Caxias do Sul, pertencente à linha de pesquisa Educação, Epistemologia e Linguagem, e ancora-se nos pressupostos teóricos e conceituais da Epistemologia Genética. Essa teoria, criada pelo pensador suíço Jean Piaget, com o fim investigativo de entender os processos cognitivos, mais especificamente, no que se direciona a revelar a gênese do conhecimento. O intuito principal do estudo a ser apresentado está na possibilidade de desvelar os vieses apriorísticos da teoria piagetiana por meio de um estudo teórico analítico, realizado, basicamente, a partir em três obras piagetianas, a saber: Nascimento da Inteligência na Criança (1975 [1936]), Biologia e Conhecimento (2003 [1967]) e Epistemologia Genética (2007 [1970]). Como forma de elucidar o pensamento piagetiano, se fazem presentes os preceitos epistemológicos platônicos, mais especificamente a teoria da reminiscência, assim como as ideias racionalistas de Descartes, o empirismo clássico de Locke, a teoria da harmonia preestabelecida de Leibniz, o apriorismo de Kant e o evolucionismo de Lamarck e de Darwin. A partir dos entendimentos revelados pela análise e interpretação das obras piagetianas, pela reflexão acerca de seus comentadores, e pelas proposições epistêmicas contidas nos pensadores da antiguidade a modernidade nomeados acima, entende-se que Piaget foi, veementemente, um epistemólogo, por suas pesquisas teóricas e empíricas - estarem envoltas pelo propósito de esclarecimento de como se desenvolve o conhecimento. Contudo, a constituição epistêmica piagetiana se adentra, mais especificamente, pela Biologia, Filosofia e Psicologia, passando a revelar que o processo cognitivo do sujeito epistêmico ocorre na relação entre ele e o objeto a ser conhecido. Nesse sentido, Piaget elaborou uma teoria que se contrapôs aos pressupostos epistemológicos do empirismo clássico, assim como aos pressupostos racionalistas que sustentam a existência das ideias inatas , por entender que o conhecimento não está unicamente no sujeito ou no objeto cognoscível e, mas sim na relação entre ambos. Piaget não nega o papel fundamental da experiência no processo cognitivo; contudo, sua proposta se diferencia da Epistemologia Empírica por essa afirmar que a experiência é a única fonte do conhecimento. No mesmo sentido, afirma que há um sujeito cognoscente, porém esse não apresenta estruturas cognitivas inatas imutáveis, como afirmam as epistemologias de cunho inatistas, mas dirá que esse é dotado de uma funcionalidade cognitiva a priori. No campo educativo as proposições teóricas suscitadas, neste estudo, se fazem relevantes na medida em que promovem no docente uma problemática epistêmica, de cunho reflexivo, do seu agir pedagógico. O estudo divide-se em três capítulos: o primeiro deles trata dos fundamentos da Epistemologia tradicional, empirista e racionalista, enquanto disciplina filosófica, e da Epistemologia Genética; o segundo, dos processos de conhecer elencados, descritos e explicados por Piaget a partir de suas preocupações de biólogo e filósofo; e o terceiro aborda a posição e os aspectos aprioristas da Epistemologia Genética. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-06-02T16:44:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gisele Rizzon.pdf: 824226 bytes, checksum: 7c0ff48f1fca51b6fac09425ba60e967 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-02T16:44:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Gisele Rizzon.pdf: 824226 bytes, checksum: 7c0ff48f1fca51b6fac09425ba60e967 (MD5)