This essay gives examples of possible ways to inspire young adults to become politically more aware and active using dystopian fiction in the EFL classroom. First, an overview of the dystopian genre and different ways of using it in the EFL classroom to improve critical thinking skills will be given. Subsequently, different scenes from The Hunger Games will be analyzed to show how young adults can be inspired to be more aware of social and environmental justice and to act. Finally, it is discussed why literary material in a classroom must relate to a student’s personal life and why the relevance must be explained to a student to raise their interest. As a conclusion, it is claimed that it cannot be expected that all students care for the world, but showing them why they should and how they could do it is a first step.

This thesis investigates how seven communities in a subregion of the Sierra Norte of Oaxaca are conserving high forest cover in the absence of national protected areas. To conduct this study I relied on archival research and the review of community documents, focus group interviews and land use transects to explore historical and current land use. I found that communities have conserved 88.34% of the subregion as forest cover, or 58,596 hectares out of a total territory of 66,264 hectares. Analysis suggests that the communities have undergone a historical transition from more passive conservation to more active, conscious conservation particularly in the last decade. This thesis further contends that communities deserve additional financial compensation for this active conservation of globally important forests for biodiversity conservation and that exercises in systematic conservation planning ignore the reality that existing biodiversity conservation in the subregion is associated with community ownership.

Buscou-se nesta pesquisa entender as relações entre gênero e meio ambiente no cotidiano das mulheres catadoras de materiais recicláveis de uma cooperativa do município de São Paulo. Para tanto, procurou-se compreender essa relação a partir dos espaços de moradia e trabalho das catadoras. Como fundamentação teórica foi adotada a Divisão Sexual do Trabalho e a Justiça Ambiental. O método utilizado foi o Estudo de Caso Estendido e a técnica de coleta de dados primários a Entrevista Narrativa. Foram entrevistadas dezesseis mulheres catadoras cooperadas. Para a interpretação dos resultados seguiu-se os postulados da Análise de Narrativa. Este estudo mostra evidências da situação de injustiça ambiental nos espaços de moradia e trabalho das catadoras entrevistadas. Além disso, demonstra que a dupla jornada de trabalho dessas mulheres leva a uma injustiça ambiental por gênero na catação. Também foi observada a relação entre a maternidade e o ingresso e permanência das catadoras na atividade. A análise da dupla jornada de trabalho das mulheres permitiu identificar três trajetórias distintas entre as catadoras entrevistadas: catadoras estruturais, catadoras conjunturais ocasionais e catadoras conjunturais por conveniência. A partir das diferenças e similaridades observadas entre os três grupos de mulheres catadoras percebeu-se que fatores como a trajetória familiar, vulnerabilidade social e segregação espacial urbana foram os principais motivos que as levaram à catação. Verificou-se, ainda, que as mulheres estão mais expostas aos riscos ambientais justamente pela dupla jornada de trabalho. Dessa maneira, considerou-se que a presença dos fatores de injustiça ambiental na dupla jornada de trabalho caracteriza o que foi denominado neste estudo de dupla jornada de injustiça ambiental. A jornada reprodutiva associada aos riscos ambientais ligados à habitação e a jornada produtiva referente aos riscos ocupacionais e à precariedade no trabalho. / This thesis aimed understand the relationship between gender and environment among women waste pickers of a cooperative of recyclable materials in São Paulo. To understand this relationship, the concept of Environmental Justice was chosen as framework, showing the disproportional dynamic of environmental conflicts that affect the most marginalized and vulnerable people, marked with social inequality due to class, race and gender. In addition, studies discussing the Sexual Division of Labor were also used, considering that women are particularly disadvantaged because of their double burden, when the reproductive work is free and invisible and the productive work is devalued. The Extended Case Method was used as methodology and the women cooperative was observed for three years. The data collection was made using the narrative interview technique and sixteen women waste pickers were interviewed. The data analysis used narrative analysis postulates. The results showed that the women waste pickers who are spatially segregated and residents of Jardim das Flores slum are exposed to multiple risks: geomorphological risks of slipping and washouts; proximity of high-voltage power lines and; low infrastructure conditions linked to sanitation and garbage collection. Due their reproductive shift, the women spend more time in home and consequently in the slum, rising their vulnerability of those risks. Further, the wish to conciliate the double burden was also responsible for their work as waste pickers, with a female perpetuation in the scavenging activity. Then, the women are more exposed to occupational risks and the burden of environmental inequality in recycling chain. In conclusion, women waste pickers are exposed to a double burden of environmental injustice: one related to habitational risks and one to precariousness of labor and occupational hazards. Thus, there is a interweaving of social inequalities historically imposed by patriarchal logic to keep the foundations of the current economic system, and the black women, householder and poor are who bear the environmental damage to maintain that system.

Este trabalho trata da narrativa de resistência que o Movimento de Pequenos Agricultores-MPA constituiu para resistir aos processos de expropriação das sementes dos camponeses, no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. O objetivo é analisar como o projeto de sementes do movimento influenciou a construção da soberania alimentar por meio de suas ações junto às instituições. Como instrumentos metodológicos fontes primárias e secundárias foram utilizadas, levando em consideração o referencial teórico da ecologia política, focado em conceitos de conflitos socioambientais, justiça ambiental e soberania alimentar. Assim, foi realizada pesquisa de campo, nos anos de 2015 e 2016, nos estados do Distrito Federal, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, com diferentes atores que participaram do processo. Da análise constata-se que o movimento por meio da cooperativa Oestebio, desenvolveu a experiência de massificação de sementes crioulas e varietais a partir de uma ampla articulação de ações, alianças com instituições e outros movimentos, influenciando e sendo influenciado por políticas públicas e ações do Estado para constituir a soberania genética com base no projeto de soberania alimentar. Ao teceram uma longa teia de relações, articulando os campos político, econômico, científico e socioambiental, ancorado no diálogo constante nos diferentes níveis local, regional, nacional e internacional - constituíram uma experiência portadora da soberania alimentar dentro dos limites atuais da economia política contemporânea, expropriadora de recursos e geradora de conflitos e injustiças socioambientais. / This thesis is about the resistance narrative of Small Farmers Movement has established to resist to expropriation of peasants seeds, in the Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The goal is to analyze how the project of seed of the movement has impacted the food sovereignty throughout its actions with institutions. Primary and secondary sources were used as methodological tools taking account the political ecology approach, focusing on concepts such as socio-environmental conflicts, environmental justice and food sovereignty. A field work was conducted, in 2015 and 2016, in Distrito Federal, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states, interviewing several actors who took part of this process. It was verified that the movement by means of Oestebio cooperative developed the experience of multliplication of native and varietals seeds throughout a broad articulation of actions, alliances with institutions and others social movements. It has influenced and has received influence of public policies and State actions to constitute genetic sovereignty based on its food sovereignty project. By weaving a long web of relations, connecting the political, economical, scientific and socio-environmental fields, based on a frequent dialogue in different levels local, regional, national and international they built an experience of food sovereignty inside current limits of the political economy, expropriator of resources and producer of socio-environmental conflicts and injustices.

Cette thèse a pour principal objet la reconnaissance du local et de l’autochtonie au sein des aires protégées en général et des Parcs nationaux français en particulier. Du global au local, elle tend à voir ce processus comme résultante de la montée en puissance d’un principe axiologique non nécessairement nouveau, mais qui conditionne néanmoins de manière croissante la légitimité et l’efficacité de l’action publique environnementale. La reconnaissance du local et de l’autochtonie serait ainsi en particulier internationalement devenue l’une des conditions de réalisation d’une plus grande justice environnementale au sein des aires protégées.Nous interrogeons comment ce processus a pu s’étendre aux Parcs nationaux français à travers notamment l’analyse des causes et des effets de leur récente réforme (2006). Comment cette reconnaissance a-t-elle pu se voir reprise et éventuellement redéfinie dans l’institutionnalisation des Parcs nationaux dits de « nouvelle génération » ? Par suite, à quels effets, nouveaux ou non, cette reconnaissance « à la française » permet-elle d’aboutir localement, en matière d’inégalité environnementale ? Notre démonstration s’appuie sur la notion de capital d’autochtonie (Retière, 2003) et soutient que les groupes sociaux locaux à même d’administrer la preuve de leur « capital environnemental autochtone » auprès des instances gestionnaires des Parcs nationaux seraient les plus à même de conserver intacts leurs usages de ces aires protégées.Pour mieux traiter notre problématique d’une reconnaissance du local « sous conditions », nous avons concentré sans nous y limiter, nos efforts d’enquête sur le récent Parc national de La Réunion (2007), présenté avec le Parc amazonien de Guyane et le Parc national des Calanques comme parcs de nouvelle génération. Cette enquête, s’appuyant sur plusieurs autres points de comparaison, conduit à entrevoir le Parc national de La Réunion (PNRun) comme un cadre intégrateur écocentré de différents récits globaux et territoriaux. Le déclinisme environnemental, à la fois local et mondialisé, est le plus prééminent de ces récits. Des récits de valorisation de la culture créole et de rattrapage économique lui coexiste néanmoins et le PNRun, enjoint à les reconnaitre au regard de la doctrine du développement durable, apparait comme une combinatoire sans cesse mouvante et instable d’un compromis entre ces trois récits potentiellement contradictoires.La conflictualité coutumière des Parcs nationaux français (Larrère et al., 2009) peut ainsi se comprendre à la lueur d’une concurrence des récits et de leurs porteurs, qui peuvent contester ou soutenir la manière propre au Parc national d’administrer, mais aussi de « mettre en récit » le territoire qui le supporte. Le défi actuel des Parcs nationaux français consiste, au regard de la réforme de 2006, à permettre et à accepter que cette mise en récit soit le fruit d’une co-construction élargie, et non plus d’un exercice réservé aux élites scientifiques, politiques et sociales qui ont toujours constitué ses publics de prédilection. En contexte postcolonial comme sur l’ile de La Réunion, ce défi parait d’autant plus aigu que le « concernement » local pour une mise en récit qui soit réparatrice d’injustices culturelle, sociale et environnementale est important, voire sine qua non. / The main purpose of this thesis is about the recognition of local and indigenous people within protected areas in general and French National Parks in particular. From global to local scales, this process appears to be the result of an axiological principle that is not necessarily new but which nevertheless increasingly conditions the legitimacy and effectiveness of public environmental action. The recognition of local and indigenous people would thus have become one of the conditions for achieving greater environmental justice within protected areas, particularly internationally.We question how this process has been extended to French National Parks, in particular through the analysis of the causes and effects of their recent reform (2006). How could this recognition be taken up and possibly redefined in the institutionalization of the so-called "new generation" national parks? Consequently, to what effects does this "French-style" recognition make it possible to achieve locally, in terms of environmental inequality? Our demonstration is based on the notion of "indigenous capital" (Retière, 2003) and argues that local social groups able to demonstrate their "indigenous environmental capital" to national park management authorities would be in the best position to keep intact their uses of these protected areas.To better address the issue of local people’s recognition "under conditions", we investigated the recent Reunion Island National Park (2007), presented with the Amazonian Park of French Guyana and the Calanques National Park as new generation parks. This survey, based on several other points of comparison, leads us to see Reunion Island National Park (PNRun) as an ecocentric integrating framework of different global and territorial narratives. “Environmental declinism”, both local and globalized, is the most prominent of these stories. Nevertheless, a “local cultural” and an “economic catch-up” narratives coexist with the first one. The PNRun, urged to recognize them due to the doctrine of sustainable development, appears as an ever-changing and unstable combination of these three - potentially contradictory - narratives.The traditional and customary conflicts within French National Parks (Larrère, 2009) can thus be understood as part of a competition between stories and their bearers, who can challenge or support the National Park's own way of administering, but also of "telling" the territory that supports it. The current challenge for French National Parks, in regard of the 2006 reform, is to allow and accept that this policy narrative is the result of a collective construction, and no longer an exercise reserved for some scientific, political and social elites who have always constituted its preferred audiences. In a postcolonial context such as on Reunion Island, this challenge seems all the more acute as the local "concern" for a narrative which is reparative of cultural, social and environmental injustices is important, even sine qua non.

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ForumCiv is an international development organization working to create a just and sustainable world where all people have the power to effect change. Through this online action research, a novel method to engage with for Environmental Justice (EJ) was introduced to ForumCiv.   A first iteration of the novel online methodology known as the Environmental Rights Toolkit (ERT) was carried out.  As action research, this project is concerned with theory and practice, understanding and change. The aim is to produce knowledge informing ForumCiv how to unpack EJ. The online method embraces a participatory paradigm, which is rights-based and equipped with the content from the three pillars of environmental democracy. Throughout this action research, the connection between key aspects of environmental democracy and environmental justice was outlined.  The results indicate a connection between environmental democracy and environmental justice.  Environmental democracy facilitates EJ in its different forms. EJ can be perceived as distributive environmental justice, procedural environmental justice, and environmental justice as recognition. These different forms are highly interrelated, therefore acting for one supports the realization of the other. Similarly, the decline of one lead to the decline of the others.  Engaging with the access rights can serve to modify power dynamics in certain contexts facilitating the fulfilment of one or more aspects of EJ. The insights from this action research can be seen under two perspectives, theory, and practice. The practice is supported by theory. A novel practice was introduced to ForumCiv and at the same time, this practice comes together with  visions from EJ. To further mainstream EJ in the work of the organization it is necessary that some key areas further integrate the conceptualizations made.

Denna uppsats behandlar ämnet klimatanpassning inom vattenförvaltningen i Sverige som härleds från Europeiska Unionens ramdirektiv för vatten. Sveriges vattenresursers utsätts för påfrestningar från klimatförändringar. Klimatanpassning behövs därför för att säkra vattenresurserna för nuvarande och kommande generationer och ett stort ansvar kring detta arbete vilar på lokal nivå i samhället. EU:s utvärdering av vattenförvaltningsarbetet konstaterar att det finns förbättringsmöjligheter gällande sociala och organisatoriska aspekterna kring klimatanpassning. Studiens fokus är på dessa aspekter med tillägg att de även är avgörande för att uppnå en transformativ klimatanpassning, den högsta av tre nivåer inom klimatanpassning där samhällsomvandling sker. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar klimatanpassningen på lokal nivå inom vattenförvaltningen i Sverige ur ett transformativt klimatanpassningsperspektiv. Detta undersöks genom att besvara frågeställningarna om vad som driver och begränsar klimatanpassning på lokal nivå inom vattenförvaltningen och hur dessa drivkrafter och begränsningar skulle kunna hanteras för att uppnå en transformativ klimatanpassning. Studien utförs genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av samrådsdokument från de fem vattendistrikten i Sverige. Analysen genomförs med en abduktiv inriktning där kontexten är ur ett klimatanpassnings- och riskperspektiv gentemot klimatförändringarnas påverkan på vattenresurserna. Resultatet visar att faktorer som engagemang, målkonflikter, organisation, ansvarsfördelning, samverkan, ekonomiska- och kompetensmässiga resursbrister, nonchalans, lagstiftning och samordning påverkar lokal klimatanpassning inom vattenförvaltningen. I diskussionen knyts resultatet till tidigare forskning och det teoretiska ramverket för att ge en djupare förståelse för faktorernas innebörd i relation till att uppnå en transformativ klimatanpassning och samt de är begränsande eller drivande. Teoretiska ramverket innehållande flernivåstyrning, miljörättvisa, strategiskt ledarskap och samskapande anknyter till hur drivkrafterna och begränsningarna kan hanteras. Slutsatserna för studien visar att implementering av strategiskt ledarskap och samskapande på lokal nivå inom vattenförvaltningen är ett arbetssätt för att uppnå transformativ klimatanpassning. / This paper addresses the topic of climate adaptation within water management in Sweden, based on the European Union's Water Framework Directive. Sweden's water resources being exposed to stress from climate change. Therefore, climate adaptation must be implemented to secure water resources for current and future generations and a great responsibility regarding this work rests at the local level in society. The EU evaluation of water management work notes that there is a need for improvement regarding social and organizational aspects of climate adaptation. The focus of the study is on the aforementioned aspects, additionally these aspects are also crucial for achieving a transformative climate adaptation, the highest of three levels in climate adaptation where social transformation takes place. Thus, the purpose of the study is to investigate what factors affect climate adaptation at the local level in water management in Sweden from a transformative climate adaptation perspective. The purpose is fulfilled by answering the questions about what drives and limits climate adaptation at the local level within water management and how these driving forces and constraints could be managed to achieve transformative climate adaptation. The study is conducted through a qualitative content analysis of consultation documents from the five water districts in Sweden. The analysis is conducted with an abductive approach where the context is from a climate adaptation and risk perspective vis-à-vis the effects of climate change on water resources. The results show that factors such as commitment, target conflicts, organization, division of responsibilities, collaboration, financial and skills shortages, non-balance, legislation and coordination affect local climate adaptation in water management. In the discussion, the result is linked to previous research and the theoretical framework to provide a deeper understanding of the significance of the factors in relation to achieving a transformative climate adaptation and if they act as driving forces or constraints. The theoretical framework consisting of multi-level governance, environmental justice, strategic leadership and co-creation links to how the driving forces and constraints can be managed. The conclusions of the study show that implementation of strategic leadership and collaboration at the local level in water management is a possible way of achieving transformative climate adaptation.