Since the 1960s, the modern environmental movement, though generally liberal in nature, has historically excluded a variety of serious and influential groups. This thesis concentrates on the movement of working-class housewives who emerged into popular American consciousness in the seventies and eighties with their increasingly radical campaigns against toxic contamination in their respective communities. These women represent a group who exhibited the convergence of cultural influences where domesticity and environmentalism met in the middle of American society, and the increasing focus on public health in the environmental movement framed the fight undertaken by women who identified as “housewives.” These women, in their use of both traditional female stereotypes as well as radical influences from other social movements, synthesized their own unique type of activism, which has had a profound influence on the environmental movement and public health in the United States, especially in its relation to environmental justice.

This dissertation engages a number of currents of environmental criticism and rhetoric in an analysis of the poetry, fiction, and non-fiction of the southeastern United States. I examine conceptions of genitive relationships with the environment as portrayed in the work of diverse writers, primarily William Faulkner, Robert Penn Warren, W.E.B. Du Bois, Zora Neal Hurston, and Elizabeth Madox Roberts. Southern literature is rarely addressed in ecocritical studies, and to date no work offers an intensive and focused examination of the rhetoric employed in conceptions of environmental ownership. However, southern literature and culture provides fertile ground to trace the creation, development, and communication of environmental values because of its history of agrarianism, slavery, and a literary tradition committed to a sense of place. I argue that the concerns of the two main distinctive threads of environmental literary scholarship - ecopoetics and environmentalism of the poor - neatly overlap in the literature of the South. I employ rhetorical theory and phenomenology to argue that southern authors call into question traditional forms of writing about nature - such as pastoral, the sublime, and wilderness narratives - to reinvent and revitalize those forms in order to develop and communicate modes of reciprocal ownership of natural and cultural environments. These writers not only imagine models of personal and communal coexistence with the environment, but also provide new ways of thinking about environmental justice. The intersection of individual and social relationships with history and nature in Southern literature provides new models for thinking about environmental relationships and how they are communicated. I argue that expressions of environmental ownership and belonging suggest how individuals and groups can better understand their distance and proximity to their environments, which may result in new valuations of personal and social environmental relationships.

Le thème des inégalités et ses corollaires, telles la pauvreté, la précarité, l’exclusion ou encore la ségrégation, se posent de plus en plus d’un point de vue de la justice et concerne à la fois les enjeux spatiaux et environnementaux. Comme pour marquer le paroxysme des inégalités, la question de la justice environnementale vient relancer le débat autour de l’accès aux ressources au sein des catégories sociales et spatiales, ainsi que le débat autour de l’inégale répartition et répercussion des externalités, causées entre autres par l’usage de ces dernières d’un point de vue environnemental.De New York à Dakar, malgré les différences de contextes socio-culturels et économiques, les mêmes phénomènes d’inégalités face aux conditions environnementales s’observent avec cependant des nuances dans les formes de manifestations et d’interprétations.Ce travail vise à réfléchir sur les déclinaisons que peuvent avoir les injustices environnementales dans la ville de Dakar à partir d’une approche élaborée dans les villes américaines, berceau des mouvements de revendications. Deux localités situées dans la baie de Hann sont choisies en raison des pollutions industrielles dont elles souffrent. Il s’agit de Hann-Bel-Air et de Thiaroye-Sur-mer.Partant de l’analyse des nuisances environnementales liées à la pollution industrielle, il s’agit de montrer l’importance de la « contextualisation » dans l’étude des injustices environnementales au regard des dynamiques socio-spatiales, mais aussi des perceptions face aux situations dites d’injustice. / The theme of inequality and its corollaries, such as poverty, insecurity, exclusion or segregation, comes more and more from a perspective of justice and concern at the same time the spatial and environmental issues. As to mark the paroxysm of inequalities, the issue of environmental justice comes revive the debate over access to resources within the social and spatial categories, as well as the debate about the unequal distribution and impact of externalities caused by the use of these resources from an environmental point of view.From New York to Dakar, despite the differences in socio-cultural and economic contexts, the same phenomena of inequality to environmental conditions are observed with some differences in the forms of manifestations and interpretations. This work aims to reflect on the variations that can have these phenomena of environmental injustice in the city of Dakar from an approach developed in American cities, the cradle of the protest movements. This work aims to reflect on the variations that can have these phenomena of environmental injustice in the city of Dakar from an approach developed in American cities, the cradle of the protest movements.Thus, based on the analysis of environmental pollution linked to industrial pollution, it is to show the importance of "contextualization" in the study of environmental injustice in terms of socio-spatial dynamics but also perceptions of the said situations of injustice .

Le traitement des inégalités environnementales globales doit se faire en tenant compte de la différence d’impact des pays dans l’avènement de la crise environnementale. Ces inégalités n'impliquent pas seulement des injustices de redistribution liées au partage du fardeau environnemental ou des injustices historiques liées aux passifs écologiques coloniaux et aux émissions historiques de gaz à effet de serre du Nord. Elles impliquent également des injustices de participation et de reconnaissance. L’approche distributive et l’approche corrective des injustices environnementales ne permettent pas de réparer l’ensemble de ces injustices. Pour surmonter leurs limites et leurs défauts, nous proposons de recourir au paradigme de la justice restauratrice. L'approche restauratrice comporte deux avantages principaux. Le premier est qu’elle permet de prendre en compte la nature multidimensionnelle des injustices environnementales et de se recentrer sur un large éventail de besoins de justice des victimes étatiques et non étatiques : besoin de réparation des injustices historiques, besoin de reconnaissance, besoin de participation, besoin de redistribution et besoin d'assistance. Le second est qu’elle inscrit le processus de justice dans une logique transformatrice qui permet de prévenir les injustices futures. Dans cette optique, nous proposons l'institutionnalisation d'une « démocratie écologique mondiale » par le biais de la transformation du Programme des Nations Unies pour l'environnement (PNUE) en une institution écologique, démocratique, et dotée d'une souveraineté supranationale. / The treatment of global environmental inequalities must take into account the difference in the impact of countries in the advent of the environmental crisis. These inequalities do not emphasize only redistribution injustices related to the sharing of environmental burdens or historical injustices related to colonial ecological liabilities and historic greenhouse gas emissions from the Northern countries They also imply injustices of participation and recognition. The distributive approach and the corrective approach to environmental injustices do not make it possible to repair all these injustices. The use of the paradigm of restorative justice could allow to overcome their limitations and defects. The restorative approach has two main benefits. The first one is to consider the multidimensional nature of environmental injustices and to refocus on a wide range of justice needs of state and non-state victims : need for redressing historical injustices, need for recognition, need for participation, need for redistribution and need for assistance. The second advantage is the consideration of the process of justice into a transformative logic for the prevention of environmental injustices. With this aim in mind, we propose the institutionalization of a "global ecological democracy » through the transformation of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) into an ecological and democratic institution with supranational sovereignty.

xviii, 274 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Environmental organizations in the US engage in a variety of political practices in order to meet their goals. Some organizations consciously pursue more contentious and oppositional actions to match their goals, while others adopt methods that align with conventional institutional practices to achieve their goals. This variation in the terrain of the environmental movement is indicated by the behavior of the environmental organizations that it largely comprises. The following is an investigation of the factors that influence the political advocacy of a sample of environmental organizations and thus the political praxis of the environmental movement proper. By deriving concepts from a 2006 survey of a sample of organizations in the US, three conceptual factors derived from social movement theory are operationalized: ideological identities, strategies of practice and resource structures. Using numerous independent variables, these concepts are then tested in a logistic regression for the effect they have on the odds that the organizations would oppose any of three historical events: the World Trade Organization (WTO), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and/or the Kyoto protocols. A typology of environmental organizations is then constructed, tested, substantiated, problematized, and interpreted. Subsequently, a comparative case analysis of 11 distinct organizations was conducted that revealed the ways in which the leadership constructed meaning around their organizational practices and helped develop the typology further, explaining some of its shortcomings and adding nuance to the model that better explains contemporary environmental advocacy behavior in the US. Directions for future research are assessed, and both the challenging and encouraging implications that this research has for the environmental movement as a whole are extrapolated. / Committee in charge: Michael Dreiling, Chairperson, Sociology; Yvonne Braun, Member, Sociology; Gregory McLauchlan, Member, Sociology; David Frank, Outside Member, Honors College

MOURA, Daniela Maia Sabóia. A celeuma jurídica na área das barracas da Praia do Futuro em Fortaleza/Ceará sob a perspectiva da função socioambiental da propriedade urbana e da justiça ambiental. 2012. 140 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Programa Regional de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2005. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-04-29T16:58:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_dmsmoura.pdf: 2143619 bytes, checksum: 1e778c5d7199ff8d2f02f347b8953fe5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-04-29T16:59:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_dmsmoura.pdf: 2143619 bytes, checksum: 1e778c5d7199ff8d2f02f347b8953fe5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T16:59:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_dmsmoura.pdf: 2143619 bytes, checksum: 1e778c5d7199ff8d2f02f347b8953fe5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / This dissertation will explain relevant aspects about the real situation of the tents in the area of Praia do Futuro, especially about the social and environment function of urban property and the environmental justice. The paper also exposed now intends to make a exposition of the reasons for which are irregular the owner‘s of the tents before the Union, a fact which led to a Public civil Action in 2005, as the authors tell the Federal Public Ministry, the Union and, later, the Municipality itself Fortaleza, since several of them are mostly possible in the strip of beach, which is an asset of common use of Federal property and buildings is prohibited. The tide lands and high tide line are also objects of contention, especially among members of the judiciary, with the explanation of the legislation itself already very outdated and old, a fact tent undermines legal action fast and consistent. The role of social and environmental urban property is one of the main points of explanation in the course of this work, because the real owner of the place where the tents are is from the Union and most of the owner‘s of the tents, without authorization, builded and expanded their businesses, preventing the use of all of the area beach, apart from causing further environmental damage to the region, which hurts not only the natural environment, but also the dignity of bathers who do not have enough capital to use the products provided by the tents. Another point of great importance is the environmental justice, or environmental damage arising out of the tents of waste should be shared by all, especially the polluter (the principle of polluter pays), but unfortunately, there is so-called equity in environment site. / sta dissertação mostrará aspectos relevantes sobre a real situação na área das barracas da Praia do Futuro, especialmente no tocante aos aspectos referentes à função socioambiental da propriedade urbana e da justiça ambiental. O trabalho ora exposto também pretende fazer uma exposição dos motivos pelos quais os barraqueiros encontram-se irregulares perante à União, fato este que ensejou uma Ação civil Pública em 2005, contando como autores o Ministério Público Federal, a União e, posteriormente, o próprio Município de Fortaleza, visto que vários deles encontram-se, muito possivelmente, em faixa de praia, sendo esta um bem de uso comum do povo, de propriedade da União e no qual é proibida edificações. Os terrenos de marinha e a linha de preamar também são objetos de discórdia, especialmente entre os membros do judiciário, tendo como explicação a própria legislação já muito ultrapassada e antiga, fato este que prejudica medidas judiciais rápidas e consistentes. A função socioambiental da propriedade urbana é um dos principais pontos de explanação no decorrer desta dissertação, pois a real proprietária do local onde estão às barracas é da União e a maioria dos barraqueiros, sem autorização, construiu e ampliou seus negócios, impedindo o uso de todos da área da praia, além de causar ainda mais danos ambientais para a região, o que fere não somente o meio ambiente natural, como também a dignidade dos banhistas que não possuem o capital suficiente para se utilizarem dos produtos fornecidos pelas barracas. Outro ponto de grande importância é o da justiça ambiental, ou seja, os danos ambientais advindos dos resíduos das barracas deveriam ser compartilhados por todos, especialmente o poluidor (princípio do poluidor-pagador), mas, infelizmente, não existe a chamada equidade ambiental no local.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper presents from the thesis that the Right to Development in a broad sense correctly nurtured in national law and international instruments, the opposite sense, does not lend itself to protect properly and effectively the various dimensions of which it is based. This law as post is distorted losing its essence to bow to the capitalist system of which it is part. This distortion of the Right to Development away from the ideal of Justice and gives rise to social and environmental context its major conflicts and injustices. Thus arises, given the gravity and considerable increase in social and environmental injustices and inequalities and the difficulty of resolving the legal post-conflict social Development, Environment and Society, an irremediable question: To what extent it is possible to achieve the ideal of Social and Environmental Justice without denying the Right to Development? It is established from then on the need to analyze the relationship between justice (social) environmental and (sustainable) development in the construction of a new environmental paradigm. To develop the theme, is used as the method of approach and procedure Dialectics. Structured through literature, and manipulated through production of reviews, abstracts and fichamentos work is composed in three parts, constituents of the dialectic such question, namely the Thesis, Antithesis and Synthesis. The first chapter presents the thesis statement as originally given, in the sense that, from a legal point of view, the development is a fundamental right. This law, in the context of a balance of power in the economic and political field became named "sustainable development", multidimensional concept that became part of numerous legal documents in the international and national level. The second chapter in antithesis to the first, opposes the thesis initially given, is that the reality points to the fact that the incorporation of the concept of sustainable development in different spheres: economic, political and legal has not realized to ensure justice in two dimensions: social and environmental - that is - a Social and Environmental Justice. Finally, the third chapter in the Synthesis dialectical conflict worked in the previous two chapters, the elements of this clash seeking the unity of the conflict for the construction of a new thesis work it, which is, that the social and environmental justice must be a (new) paradigm to unify both struggles for the right to sustainable development and to incorporate new dimensions to justice. / Este trabalho apresenta-se a partir da tese de que o Direito ao Desenvolvimento latu sensu devidamente tutelado no ordenamento jurídico nacional e nos instrumentos internacionais, a contrário senso, não se presta a tutelar devida e eficazmente as diversas dimensões do qual se fundamenta. Este direito tal como posto se desvirtua perdendo sua essência para se curvar ao sistema capitalista do qual faz parte. Este desvirtuamento do Direito ao Desenvolvimento o afasta do ideal de Justiça e enseja em âmbito Social e Ambiental seus principais conflitos e injustiças. Surge assim, diante da gravidade e aumento considerável de injustiças e desigualdades socioambientais, bem como da dificuldade de dirimir o posto conflito jurídico-social entre Desenvolvimento, Meio Ambiente e Sociedade, uma irremediável indagação: Em que medida é possível atingir o ideal de Justiça Socioambiental sem negar o Direito ao Desenvolvimento? Estabelece-se a partir de então a necessidade de analisar a relação entre justiça (sócio) ambiental e desenvolvimento (sustentável) na construção de um novo paradigma socioambiental. Para desenvolver o tema proposto, utiliza-se como do método de abordagem e procedimento a Dialética. Estruturada através de pesquisa bibliográfica, e instrumentalizada por intermédio de produção de resenhas, resumos e fichamentos o trabalho compõe-se em três grandes partes, constituintes da dialética questão posta, quais sejam a Tese, Antítese e Síntese. O primeiro capítulo apresenta a Tese como afirmação inicialmente dada, no sentido de que, do ponto de vista jurídico, o desenvolvimento é um direito fundamental. Este direito, no contexto de uma correlação de forças no campo econômico e político passou a ser nomeado de desenvolvimento sustentável , conceito pluridimensional que passou a integrar inúmeros documentos jurídicos na esfera internacional e nacional. O segundo capítulo em Antítese ao primeiro, se opõe à tese inicialmente dada, é a de que a realidade aponta para o fato de que a incorporação do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável nas diferentes esferas: econômico, política e jurídica não tem dado conta de garantir a justiça na sua dupla dimensão: social e ambiental ou seja - uma Justiça Socioambiental. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo, em Síntese ao conflito dialético trabalhado nos dois capítulos anteriores, trabalham-se os elementos desse embate buscando a unidade do conflito para a construção de uma nova tese, qual seja, a de que a justiça socioambiental deve ser um (novo) paradigma a unificar tanto as lutas pelo direito a um desenvolvimento sustentável como para incorporar novas dimensões à Justiça.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 4249174 bytes, checksum: 00ccf3205e55eda7043d9e64a1191e5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This is a case study of Political Ecology, wherein we deal with the analysis of the Social Environmental Conflict of industrial pollution in the Basin of Rio Gramame, in the community of Mumbaba de Baixo. Although, this conflict began in the decade of 1960, it wasn t until recently that it has been recognized. As we have sought to understand the complexities of this study, we draw a methodological road of analysis from the conflict to each part of which it is comprised. In this way, we identify all those involved, their actions, articulations, powers, and their influence on the conflict. From a Social-anthropological methodology, we utilize the participant s observations, with the "snowball" technique, as well as semi-structured interviews, mental models, analysis of perceptions and photographic records. We did this in order to map the conflict and analyze the form of treatment that it was given, the mediation, as well as the perspectives of resolution to the problem of the conflict that, although it is now clear, and it s watched closely, still manages to remain hidden. All those that are involved, are not well versed in their articulation, and the majority of them do not follow their script as defined by legislation, which commits the perspectives of resolution, where as a result, the situation is only perpetuated. However, the State Department (prosecuting counsel) has found a conflict mediator by lawful means, keeping in mind that the fact of this situation is part of a much bigger conflict. This work becomes prominent by bringing to the surface all of the voices that go unheard, and by that, it is in itself a provocative work. The community of Mumbaba, now fits into a much larger political picture, where participation and articulation seek more information from everyone involved, well beyond the act of signing and the consolidation of partnerships. As far as everyone else involved, it falls on the act of rendering it effective, as well as their rights, and a process of a Social Environmental sensitizing. In conclusion, it is a matter of Environmental Justice, where not only an assembly of humans is affected, but a whole ecosystem. / Este é um estudo de Ecologia Política. Trata-se da análise do Conflito Socioambiental de poluição industrial na Bacia do Rio Gramame, na comunidade de Mumbaba de Baixo, iniciado na década de 1960, mas que só muito recentemente passou a ser entendido como tal. Como buscou-se compreender a complexidade do objeto em estudo, traçamos um caminho metodológico de análise do conflito a partir das partes que o compõem. Desta forma, identificamos os atores, suas atuações, articulações, poderes e influência no conflito. A partir de uma metodologia socioantropológica com a utilização da observação participante, técnica bola de neve , realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas, modelos mentais, análise de percepções, registros fotográficos e outros, também pudemos mapear o conflito e analisar a forma de tratamento que se tem dado a ele, a mediação, assim como, as perspectivas de resolução do problema e do conflito que ora manifesta-se ora permanece velado, encoberto. Os atores não estão articulados e, em sua maioria não desempenham seu papel definido por legislação, o que compromete as perspectivas de resolução, fazendo com que a situação se perpetue. No entanto, o Ministério Público tem procurado mediar o conflito por meios legais, tendo em vista o fato de esta situação ser parte de um conflito maior. Este trabalho torna-se relevante por trazer à tona vozes que são silenciadas e, por isso, é um trabalho provocativo. À comunidade de Mumbaba, cabe maior participação política, articulação e busca de informações junto aos demais atores, além de a firmação e consolidação de parcerias. Aos outros atores, cabe a efetivação de suas atribuições e a todos, cabe a sensibilização socioambiental, pois se trata de Justiça Ambiental, onde não apenas um conjunto de humanos é afetado, mas todo o ecossistema.

Mesmo perante a crescente evolução tecnológica, econômica e social que se deu nos últimos séculos, ainda subsiste a disseminada crença que os agroquímicos consistem na única solução para afastar o ser humano do grande perigo da fome no mundo. No entanto, muito embora a maciça utilização de agrotóxicos tenha de fato contribuído para o incremento da produção agrícola, são várias as consequências contrárias que resultam deste modelo imposto, uma vez que seu uso indiscriminado provoca incontáveis danos socioambientais tanto à saúde humana como a toda biosfera. Alguns destes danos são de caráter permanente e irreversível e, ainda, não totalmente conhecidos e dimensionáveis, relacionados também ao emprego desmedido de sementes geneticamente modificadas, que impõem outros prejuízos como a extirpação das sementes crioulas através do crescente aumento das monoculturas de exportação. Processo que, consequentemente, está promovendo uma erosão em cadeia, sopesando sua vinculação com a perda de saberes multisseculares diretamente relacionados às práticas agrícolas tradicionais relacionadas a raças e etnias, acarretando no detrimento do exercício do poder diligente de Estado Soberano. Dessa forma, apresenta-se a problemática basilar desta pesquisa, o possível controle da vida humana por parte da lógica imposta por este mercado. Ponderando que as tecnologias empregadas à atual produção agrícola estão possibilitando o controle do mercado através da dependência que cria a estes químicos e a eliminação das sementes crioulas, consequentemente, da diversidade dos cultivos. Ao que, para seu enfretamento, se percebe emergencial o crescimento e a disseminação dos ideais vinculados às correntes militantes por justiça ambiental, que envolvem todos os aspectos inerentes a garantia dos direitos humanos, como o direito à alimentação adequada, que impulsionará um cultivo voltado à alimentação saudável, livre de agroquímicos e tecnologias de modificação genética em larga escala. Implica não apenas em uma mudança conceitual, meramente descritiva, mas em uma mudança de cunho político ideológico, propriamente, em uma quebra paradigmática, ante a insuficiência e ineficiência do atual modelo de mercado, imposto mais fortemente às economias subdesenvolvidas, direcionadas a critérios quantitativos de crescimento econômico. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-10-21T12:26:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karina Morgana Furlan.pdf: 1504970 bytes, checksum: 38a8b5bf9925c2551731b3756bbb2a6d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-21T12:26:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karina Morgana Furlan.pdf: 1504970 bytes, checksum: 38a8b5bf9925c2551731b3756bbb2a6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-21 / Incluso con los crecientes cambios tecnológicos, económicos y sociales que se han producido en los últimos siglos, todavía hay una creencia generalizada de que los productos agroquímicos consisten única solución para eliminar los seres humanos desde el gran peligro del hambre en el mundo. Sin embargo, aunque el uso masivo de pesticidas en realidad ha contribuido al aumento de la producción agrícola, hay varias consecuencias contrarias que resultan de este modelo impuesto, ya que su uso indiscriminado provoca daño ambiental incalculable a la salud humana y toda la biosfera . Parte de este daño es permanente e irreversible, y que además no se conoce totalmente y escalable, también relacionado con el uso excesivo de semillas modificadas genéticamente, que imponen otras pérdidas como la extirpación de las semillas nativas a través de la cada vez mayor de los monocultivos de exportación. Proceso, por lo tanto, está promoviendo una erosión de la cadena, levantando su conexión con la pérdida del conocimiento de siglos de antigüedad directamente relacionada con las prácticas agrícolas tradicionales relacionados con la raza y el origen étnico, lo que resulta en detrimento del ejercicio de la facultad diligente de estado soberano. Por lo tanto, se presenta el problema básico de esta investigación, el posible control de la vida humana desde la lógica impuesta por este mercado. Teniendo en cuenta que las tecnologías empleadas para la producción agrícola actual están permitiendo el control del mercado a través de la dependencia que crea estos productos químicos y la eliminación de las semillas nativas, de ahí la diversidad de los cultivos. Para eso para su afrontamiento, es el crecimiento de emergencia clara y la propagación de los ideales vinculados a militantes actuales de la justicia ambiental, involucrando a todos los aspectos de la garantía de los derechos humanos, como el derecho a una alimentación adecuada, lo que aumentará la una frente a la creciente comida sana, libre de productos químicos y tecnologías de modificación genética a gran escala. Esto implica no sólo un cambio conceptual, meramente descriptivo, sino en un cambio de política ideológica en la naturaleza misma, en una ruptura paradigmática, antes del fallo y la ineficiencia del modelo de mercado actual con más fuerza impuesta a las economías subdesarrolladas, dirigido a criterios cuantitativos el crecimiento económico.

A Zona Costeira cearense representa territÃrios que sÃo espaÃos de resistÃncia de vÃrios grupos sociais tradicionais e Ãtnicorraciais. A Comunidade do Cumbe/Aracati no litoral leste do CearÃ/Brasil, nÃo foge à regra, pois se encontra na mesma situaÃÃo de âinvisibilidadeâ e sobre a ameaÃa de perder seu territÃrio para grandes projetos de desenvolvimento econÃmico, como a criaÃÃo de camarÃo em cativeiro â carcinicultura e os parques de energia eÃlica, que destroem e privatizam suas relaÃÃes de vida e pertencimento ao territÃrio comunitÃrio. A metodologia escolhida para realizaÃÃo deste trabalho foi qualitativa, onde se tem na pesquisa participante, na histÃria oral, seu principal instrumento de pesquisa, os relatos orais das mulheres pescadoras do mangue. TambÃm se abordam questÃes como conflitos socioambientais, relaÃÃes raciais e de gÃnero. Os elementos e circunstÃncias que se pesquisou foram socializados com as lideranÃas comunitÃrias â as mulheres pescadoras do mangue que estÃo à frente dos processos de lutas pela defesa do territÃrio tradicional. Desta forma, reafirmar-se a presenÃa negra no litoral leste, zona costeira do CearÃ, tendo como referÃncia as memÃrias coletivas das mulheres pescadoras, analisando as mudanÃas e os impactos que ocorreram com a chegada dos projetos de desenvolvimento econÃmico e os conflitos socioambientais resultantes como elementos importantes, para denunciar o racismo ambiental. Esta pesquisa foi realizada junto ao Programa de PÃs-GraduaÃÃo em EducaÃÃo da Universidade Federal do Cearà e, pretende trabalhar e discutir o conceito, ainda em construÃÃo no Brasil, de Racismo Ambiental e suas nuances, sendo parte de um conjunto de pesquisas que o Eixo SociopoÃtica, Cultura e RelaÃÃes Ãtnicorraciais, da linha Movimentos Sociais, EducaÃÃo Popular e Escola, vem desenvolvendo para discutir conceitos e temÃticas atuais. / The Coastal Zone is cearense territories are spaces of resistance of various traditional and Ãtnicorraciais social groups. The Cumbria Community / Aracaty the east coast of Cearà / Brazil, is no exception, as it is in the same situation of "invisibility" and the threat of losing their territory for major economic development projects like the creation of shrimp in captivity - shrimp and parks wind power, which destroy and privatize their relations of life and belonging to the Community. The methodology chosen to conduct this study was qualitative, which has been in participatory research, oral history, his main instrument, the oral reports of the fisherwomen of the mangrove. Also address issues such as environmental conflicts, racial and gender relations. The elements and circumstances that presquisou been socialized with community leaders - the fisherwomen of the mangrove, which are ahead of the processes of struggle for the defense of traditional territory. Thus, we reaffirm the black presence on the east coast, coastal zone of CearÃ, with reference to the collective memories of the fisherwomen, analyzing the changes and impacts that have occurred with the arrival of economic development projects and environmental conflicts arising as important elements to denounce environmental racism. This research was conducted at the Graduate Program in Education of the Federal University of CearÃ, and we intend to work with and discuss the concept, still under construction in Brazil, Environmental Racism and its nuances, is part of a body of research that SociopoÃtica the Axis Culture and Relations Ãtnicorraciais, the Social Movements, Popular Education and School line has developed to discuss some concepts and current issues.