Dans les transistors MOS avancés, la réalisation de jonctions ultraminces (<15 nm) abruptes et fortement dopées par implantation ionique de dopant reste la voie privilégiée pour l'élaboration des extensions source/drain (S/D). Cependant, au cours du recuit d'activation, cette méthode s'accompagne de la formation de défauts étendus de type interstitiel et d'agglomérats défauts-dopants qui sont à l'origine de problèmes majeurs tels que la diffusion accélérée et transitoire (TED) des dopants et la dégradation des propriétés électriques des jonctions. L'objectif de cette thèse a été de modéliser de façon globale ces différents phénomènes physiques afin de prédire la distribution des dopants dans les extensions S/D. Pour ce faire, nous avons d'abord simulé la croissance compétitive de type maturation d'Ostwald que se livrent ces défauts au cours du recuit et nous l'avons couplée à la diffusion des dopants, notamment dans les cas d'intérêt technologique, lorsque l'étape d'implantations à forte dose cause la formation d'agglomérats défauts-dopants engendrant une immobilisation et une inactivation partielle du dopant dans le silicium. Nous avons ensuite étendu les modèles développés dans le silicium aux cas de nouveaux matériaux tels que le SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) ou le SiGe (alliage silicium/germanium). Enfin, les modèles élaborés et calibrés pour la fabrication des jonctions ultra-fines ont été validés en simulant électriquement les technologies industrielles en développement à STMicroelectronics-Crolles : C65 SOI et SiGe 45, avec une attention particulière aux effets de petites géométries tels que le SCE (Short Channel Effects) et le DIBL (Drain-Induced Barrier Lowering).

CO₂ injection in oil reservoirs provides the dual benefit of increasing oil recovery as well as sequestration. Compositional simulations using phase behavior calculations are used to model miscibility and estimate oil recovery. The injected CO₂, however, is known to react with brine. The precipitation and dissolution reactions, especially with carbonate rocks, can have undesirable consequences. The geochemical reactions can also change the mole numbers of components and impact the phase behavior of hydrocarbons. A Gibbs free energy framework that integrates phase equilibrium computations and geochemical reactions is presented in this dissertation. This framework uses the Gibbs free energy function to unify different phase descriptions - Equation of State (EOS) for hydrocarbon components and activity coefficient model for aqueous phase components. A Gibbs free energy minimization model was developed to obtain the equilibrium composition for a system with not just phase equilibrium (no reactions) but also phase and chemical equilibrium (with reactions). This model is adaptable to different reservoirs and can be incorporated in compositional simulators. The Gibbs free energy model is used for two batch calculation applications. In the first application, solubility models are developed for acid gases (CO₂ /H2 S) in water as well as brine at high pressures (0.1 - 80 MPa) and high temperatures (298-393 K). The solubility models are useful for formulating acid gas injection schemes to ensure continuous production from contaminated gas fields as well as for CO₂ sequestration. In the second application, the Gibbs free energy approach is used to predict the phase behavior of hydrocarbon mixtures - CO₂ -nC₁₄ H₃₀ and CH₄ -CO₂. The Gibbs free energy model is also used to predict the impact of geochemical reactions on the phase behavior of these two hydrocarbon mixtures. The Gibbs free energy model is integrated with flow using operator splitting to model an application of cation exchange reactions between aqueous phase and the solid surface. A 1-D numerical model to predict effluent concentration for a system with three cations using the Gibbs free energy minimization approach was observed to be faster than an equivalent stoichiometric approach. Analytical solutions were also developed for this system using the hyperbolic theory of conservation laws and are compared with experimental results available at laboratory and field scales. / text

The overall objective of this research was to gain an insight into the challenges encountered during chemical flooding under high hardness conditions. Different aspects of this problem were studied using a combination of laboratory experiments and simulation studies. Chemical Flooding is an important Enhanced Oil Recovery process. One of the major components of the operational expenses of any chemical flooding project, especially Alkali Surfactant Polymer (ASP) flooding is the cost of softening the injection brine to prevent the precipitation of the carbonates of the calcium and magnesium ions which are invariably present in the formation brine. Novel hardness tolerant alkalis like sodium metaborate have been shown to perform well with brines of high salinity and hardness, thereby eliminating the need to soften the injection brine. The first part of this research was aimed at designing an optimal chemical flooding formulation for a reservoir having hard formation brine. Sodium metaborate was used as the alkali in the formulation with the hard brine. Under the experimental conditions, sodium metaborate was found to be inadequate in preventing precipitation in the ASP slug. Factors affecting the ability of sodium metaborate to sequester divalent ions, including its potential limitations under the experimental conditions were studied. The second part of this research studied the factors affecting the ability of novel alkali and chelating agents like sodium metaborate and tetrasodium EDTA to sequester divalent ions. Recent studies have shown that both these chemicals showed good performance in sequestering divalent ions under high hardness conditions. A study of the geochemical species in solution under different conditions was done using the computer program PHREEQC. Sensitivity studies about the effect of the presence of different solution species on the performance of these alkalis were done. The third part of this research focused on field scale mechanistic simulation studies of geochemical scaling during ASP flooding. This is one of the major challenges faced by the oil and gas industry and has been found to occur when sodium carbonate is used as the alkali and the formation brine present in situ has a sufficiently high hardness content. The multicomponent and multiphase compositional chemical flooding simulator, UTCHEM was used to determine the quantity and composition of the scales formed in the reservoir as well as the injection and production wells. Reactions occurring between the injected fluids, in situ fluids and the reservoir rocks were taken into consideration for this study. Sensitivity studies of the effect of key reservoir and process parameters like the physical dispersion and the alkali concentration on the extent of scaling were also done as a part of this study. / text

[pt] O processo de recuperação de óleo pelo deslocamento com água é o método mais utilizado na indústria de petróleo. No entanto, as altas razões de mobilidade e baixas eficiências de varrido tornam o processo menos eficiente. Uma alternativa usada para minimizar este efeito é a aplicação de tecnologias que atuam como agentes de controle de mobilidade. Dentre eles, e em particular a injeção de emulsões de óleo em água tem sido estudada com relativo sucesso como um método de recuperação avançada de óleo. Alguns estudos indicam melhor varredura do reservatório devido a uma redução da mobilidade da água em regiões do reservatório já varridas por água, mediante a aglomeração e bloqueio parcial dos poros mais permeáveis com gotas da fase dispersa da emulsão. Contudo, ainda não há compreensão plena dos mecanismos associados ao escoamento de emulsões em meios porosos, assim, uma análise e visualização na escala microscópica dos fenômenos envolvidos se faz essencial para a melhora do entendimento do escoamento de emulsões em um reservatório. Neste trabalho, experimentos de escoamento de emulsões foram conduzidos em um micromodelo de vidro, estrutura artificial que busca representar alguns aspectos principais de um meio poroso e proporciona uma adequada visualização do comportamento das faces ao longo do escoamento. Nos experimentos foram realizadas alterações na molhabilidade e variou-se a vazão volumétrica a fim de avaliar diferentes números de capilaridade no meio poroso. Dentro dos resultados mais significativos, foi evidenciado como a fase dispersa da emulsão é capaz de bloquear os poros e gargantas de poro alterando a distribuição dos fluidos no meio poroso, melhorando a eficiência de deslocamento na escala de poro e com isso o fator de recuperação final. Os resultados mostram que, a altos números de capilaridade as forças interfaciais são menos importantes ao reduzir o efeito de bloqueio pelas gotas da fase dispersa nos poros do micromodelo. Estes resultados fornecem um grande aprendizado ao permitir conhecer características do escoamento de emulsões no meio poroso para uma futura aplicação no campo. / [en] The oil recovery process by water-flooding is the most used method in the oil industry. However, the high mobility ratios and low sweep efficiencies make the process less effective. A common alternative to minimize this effect is the application of technologies that act as mobility control agents. Among them and in particular the injection of oil in water emulsions has been studied with relative success as an Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method. Several studies indicate a better reservoir sweep due to the water mobility reduction in regions already swept by water. This reduction can be associated with partial blockage of porous media throats by droplets of emulsion dispersed phase. Nevertheless, there is still no full understanding of the mechanisms associated to the flow of emulsions in porous media, thus, an analysis and visualization at the microscopic scale of the involved phenomena is essential for the improvement of the comprehension of the flow of emulsions in a reservoir. In this work, experimental tests related to the flow of emulsions in a glass micro-model were performed, artificial device that represents some principal features of a porous medium and provides a proper visualization of the phase behavior. In the experiments, the effect of the capillary number on the oil recovery factor and the relative influence of the wettability of the porous medium on the oil displacement process were studied. The results evidence how the oil droplets in the emulsion are capable of block the pores and the pore throats modifying the fluids distribution in the porous medium, improving the displacement efficiency at pore scale and consequently the final oil recovery factor. It was also observed that at high capillary numbers, the blocking caused by the capillary pressure needed to deform the droplet becomes less intense. These results provide a great learning by allowing to know the characteristics of the flow of emulsions in porous media for a future field application.

Orientador: Saul Barisnik Suslick / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica e Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T11:55:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gaspar_AnaTeresaFerreiradaSilva_D.pdf: 2070944 bytes, checksum: abd840647c52a6c6cf1fc318f0e0a772 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Esta tese apresenta um estudo da viabilidade técnica e econômica da Recuperação Avançada de Óleo (EOR) em um pequeno projeto localizado em um campo maduro no Brasil. O estudo considera duas motivações importantes e complementares: (1) a recuperação avançada de óleo por meio da injeção de CO2 - o gás desloca o óleo residual deixado no local após a produção primária e injeção secundária de água (waterflooding); (2) o armazenamento deste gás no reservatório de óleo e, conseqüente contribuição para a mitigação de emissões de CO2. Os aspectos físicos deste projeto são descritos e um modelo de simulação dinâmica foi desenvolvido para modelar o comportamento do sistema seqüestro de CO2 - EOR ao longo do tempo. Este modelo leva em conta os requisitos de energia para todo o processo de seqüestro de CO2 e suas respectivas emissões inerentes ao processo. Adicionalmente, uma metodologia é proposta para estimar os principais determinantes financeiros do projeto de seqüestro de CO2 (custos de compra do CO2, compressão, transporte e armazenamento) por meio de EOR. A avaliação do projeto é derivada de um modelo de fluxo de caixa, levando-se em conta o perfil de produção do reservatório, preço, custos de capital (CAPEX), custos operacionais (OPEX), créditos de CO2, depreciação, premissas fiscais etc. Um estudo de análise de sensibilidade é realizado para identificar as variáveis mais críticas. A viabilidade econômica do projeto, como esperado, é muito sensível ao preço do óleo, produção de óleo e CAPEX. Além disso, há a contribuição para a mitigação do gás de efeito estufa (GEE), armazenando uma quantidade significativa de CO2 no reservatório onde pode permanecer por milhares de anos. / Abstract: This thesis presents a technical and economic feasibility study for CO2 EOR in a small project located in a mature oilfield in Brazil. The present study considers two important and complementary motivations: (1) EOR - CO2 displaces residual oil left in place after primary production and secondary water flooding; (2) storage of this gas in the oil reservoir and hence, contributing to mitigate CO2 emissions. The physical aspects of this project are described and a dynamic simulation model has been developed in order to model the behavior of the CO2 Sequestration - EOR system and its emissions due to the process over time. This model takes into account the energy requirements for the whole CO2 sequestration process. Additionally, a breakdown cost methodology is proposed in order to estimate the main financial determinants of the integrated EOR with CO2 sequestration (costs of CO2 purchase, compression, transportation and storage). Project evaluation is derived from a cash flow model, regarding reservoir production profile, price and costs, capital expenditures (CAPEX), operating expenditures (OPEX), carbon credits, depreciation time, fiscal assumptions etc. A sensitivity analysis study is carried out in order to identify the most critical variables. Project feasibility, as expected, is found to be very sensitive to oil price, oil production, and CAPEX. Moreover, there is the contribution from the mitigation of the Green House Gas (GHG) by storing a significant amount of CO2 in the reservoir where it can remain for thousands of years. / Doutorado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Doutor em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

Chemical EOR processes such as polymer flooding and surfactant polymer flooding must be designed and implemented in an economically attractive manner to be perceived as viable oil recovery options. The primary expenses associated with these processes are chemical costs which are predominantly controlled by the crude oil properties of a reservoir. Crude oil viscosity dictates polymer concentration requirements for mobility control and can also negatively affect the rheological properties of a microemulsion when surfactant polymer flooding. High microemulsion viscosity can be reduced with the introduction of an alcohol co-solvent into the surfactant formulation, but this increases the cost of the formulation. Experimental research done as part of this study combined the process of hot water injection with ASP flooding as a solution to reduce both crude oil viscosity and microemulsion viscosity. The results of this investigation revealed that when action was taken to reduce microemulsion viscosity, residual oil recoveries were greater than 90%. Hot water flooding lowered required polymer concentrations by reducing oil viscosity and lowered microemulsion viscosity without co-solvent. Laboratory testing of viscous microemulsions in core floods proved to compromise surfactant performance and oil recovery by causing high surfactant retention, high pressure gradients that would be unsustainable in the field, high required polymer concentrations to maintain favorable mobility during chemical flooding, reduced sweep efficiency and stagnation of microemulsions due to high viscosity from flowing at low shear rates. Rough scale-up chemical cost estimations were performed using core flood performance data. Without reducing microemulsion viscosity, field chemical costs were as high as 26.15 dollars per incremental barrel of oil. The introduction of co-solvent reduced chemical costs to as low as 22.01 dollars per incremental barrel of oil. This reduction in cost is the combined result of increasing residual oil recovery and the added cost of an alcohol co-solvent. Heating the reservoir by hot water flooding resulted in combined chemical and heating costs of 13.94 dollars per incremental barrel of oil. The significant drop in cost when using hot water is due to increased residual oil recovery, reduction in polymer concentrations from reduced oil viscosity and reduction of microemulsion viscosity at a fraction of the cost of co-solvent. / text

Le polymer flooding est une des techniques de récupération assistée des hydrocarbures (RAH) ; elle consiste à injecter une solution de polymères de forte masse moléculaire afin de déplacer plus efficacement le pétrole emprisonné dans la roche. Cependant, une limite importante de cette technique est la possible dégradation mécanique des polymères au cours de l'injection et dans le réservoir, due à une scission des chaînes macromoléculaires induite par l’écoulement. Ce travail de thèse a pour objectif de mieux comprendre les mécanismes et scénarios de scission, mais aussi leur impact sur le procédé de polymer flooding. Nous nous sommes intéressés au seuil de dégradation mécanique de solutions de poly(oxyde d’éthylène) et de de polyacrylamide partiellement hydrolysé, pour différents régimes de concentration (solutions diluées et semi-diluées) en régime laminaire et inertiel, et pour des solvants de différentes qualités. L’étude de la dégradation mécanique des solutions et de leur impact sur les propriétés rhéologiques a été menée à l’aide de différents dispositifs de dégradation et de différents rhéomètres, dont un dispositif microfluidique en élongation ; ces techniques de mesure ont été combinées à des mesures de distribution de masses moléculaires par chromatographie d’exclusion stérique couplée à la diffusion de lumière. L’étude montre en premier lieu qu’une composante élongationnelle est indispensable pour dégrader les chaînes macromoléculaires en solution. Les résultats mettent aussi clairement en évidence que les mécanismes de dégradation sont très différents en régime dilué et semi-dilué. En régime dilué, la dégradation mécanique des solutions de polymères est indépendante du régime d’écoulement et affecte préférentiellement les macromolécules de fortes masses, avec une scission en milieu de chaîne. En revanche, en régime semi-dilué, la dégradation mécanique dépend du régime de l’écoulement : en écoulement laminaire, la dégradation est gouvernée par le réseau d’enchevêtrements et la scission des chaînes est aléatoire, tandis qu’en régime inertiel, les chaînes se dégradent comme en régime dilué, avec le même scénario de scission en milieu de chaîne. Par ailleurs, les résultats montrent que les propriétés rhéologiques en élongation peuvent être très fortement impactées par la dégradation mécanique. Enfin, les résultats de l’étude préliminaire des propriétés d’injectivité dans un milieu poreux d’une solution de polymère semi-diluée faiblement dégradée montrent que la dégradation mécanique améliore l’injectivité du polymère aux abords du puits. / Polymer flooding is a technique used in enhanced oil recovery; it consists in injecting high molecular weight polymer solutions in order improve oil sweep efficiency in the reservoir. However, polymer flooding is challenged by possible mechanical degradation of polymer solutions during injection and in the reservoir, due to the flow induced scission of macromolecules. This work aims at better understanding the scission mechanisms and scenarios, but also their impact on polymer flooding. We investigated the onset of mechanical degradation of poly(ethylene oxide) and partially hydrolysed polyacrylamide solutions, for different concentration regimes (dilute and semi-dilute regimes), under laminar or inertial conditions, but also under good or bad solvent conditions. The study of mechanical degradation of polymer solutions and their impact on the rheological properties was performed using different degradation devices and different rheometers, including a microfluidic extensional device; these investigation techniques were combined with measurements of the molecular weight distributions using size exclusion chromatography coupled with light scattering experiments. The study first shows that an extensional component is needed to get a mechanical degradation of polymer chains. The results also clearly show that the degradation mechanisms are very different in dilute and semi-dilute regime. In dilute regime, the mechanical degradation of polymer solutions does not dependent on flow regime and mainly affects the macromolecules with high molecular weights, with a mid-chain scission scenario. On the other hand, in semi-dilute regime, mechanical degradation depends on flow regime: in laminar flows, degradation is governed by the entanglement network and chain scission is random, whereas in inertial flows, chain degradation is similar to that observed in dilute regime, with the same mid-chain scission scenario. Besides, the results show that the extensional rheological properties can be very strongly affected by mechanical degradation. At last, the results of a preliminary study of the injectivity of a slightly degraded semi-dilute polymer solution in porous media show that mechanical degradation improves polymer injectivity near the wellbore.

La réalisation des transistors MOS de taille "ultime" nécessite la fabrication de jonctions source et drain ultra-minces (quelques dizaines de nanomètres), abruptes et fortement dopées. L'optimisation du procédé de fabrication de ces jonctions nécessite la compréhension des phénomènes physiques qui interviennent lors des différentes étapes de fabrication, en particulier l'impact des défauts cristallins sur leurs paramètres électriques. Dans ce travail, nous avons étudié l'impact des précipités de bore (BICs, Boron-Interstitial Clusters) mais aussi des défauts EOR (End-Of-Range), sur la mobilité des porteurs et l'activation des dopants (principalement le bore dans le silicium). Tout d'abord, nous avons développé un modèle d'analyse mathématique basé sur le profil de concentration des dopants mesuré par SIMS et sur les valeurs " standards " de mobilité des porteurs. Ce modèle permet de déterminer par le calcul les trois paramètres électriques mesurés par effet Hall : la résistance carrée, la dose active de dopants et la mobilité des porteurs. A partir de l'utilisation de ce modèle, nous démontrons qu'en présence de BICs, il s'avère nécessaire de modifier la valeur d'un facteur correctif, le facteur de scattering, essentiel pour les mesures par effet Hall, et nous déterminons sa valeur. Nous mettons ensuite en évidence la dégradation de la mobilité des porteurs par les BICs, puis étudions de manière plus quantitative l'évolution de cette dégradation en fonction de la quantité de BICs. Par la suite, une étude sur l'activation du bore en présence de défauts EOR est menée. Enfin, nous élargissons notre étude sur ces mêmes paramètres électriques au cas de nouveaux matériaux tels que le SOI (Silicon-On-Insulator) ou le SiGe (alliage silicium/germanium), matériaux utilisés pour les dernières générations de transistors.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GertrudesOQ.pdf: 1545154 bytes, checksum: 8733f5db29d9ddd6780de7e34160f375 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-16 / Thermal methods made heavy oil production possible in fields where primary recovery failed. Throughout the years steam injection became one of the most important alternatives to increase heavy oil recovery. There are many types of steam injection, and one of them is the cyclic steam injection, which has been used with success in several countries, including Brazil. The process involves three phases: firstly, steam is injected, inside of the producing well; secondly, the well is closed (soak period); and finally, the well is put back into production. These steps constitute one cycle. The cycle is repeated several times until economical production limit is reached. Usually, independent of reservoir type, as the number of cycles increases the cyclic injection turns less efficient. This work aims to analyze rock and reservoir property influence in the cyclic steam injection. The objective was to study the ideal number of cycles and, consequently, process optimization. Simulations were realized using the STARS simulator from the CMG group based in a proposed reservoir model. It was observed that the reservoir thickness was the most important parameter in the process performance, whilst soaking time influence was not significant / Os m?todos t?rmicos viabilizaram a produ??o de ?leo pesado em campos considerados n?o comerciais pelos m?todos convencionais de recupera??o. A inje??o de vapor, em particular, veio a se consagrar ao longo dos anos e ? hoje uma das principais alternativas economicamente vi?vel para o aumento da recupera??o dos ?leos pesados. Dentre as ramifica??es da inje??o de vapor existentes a inje??o c?clica tem sido utilizada com sucesso em escalas comerciais em v?rios pa?ses, incluindo o Brasil. O processo envolve tr?s fases: a primeira ? a inje??o de vapor na qual o vapor ? injetado, dentro do po?o produtor, por um per?odo espec?fico de tempo; em seguida, o po?o ? fechado por um curto per?odo de tempo ( soak period ); e finalmente, o po?o ? recolocado em produ??o durante meses a anos. Esse processo constitui um ciclo. O ciclo ? repetido um n?mero de vezes at? que o limite econ?mico na produ??o seja alcan?ado. Independente do tipo de reservat?rio, a inje??o c?clica geralmente se torna menos eficiente ? propor??o que o n?mero de ciclos aumenta. Este trabalho visa analisar a influ?ncia de algumas propriedades de rocha e reservat?rio na inje??o c?clica de vapor a fim de estudar o n?mero ideal de ciclos e, conseq?entemente, otimizar o processo. Foram realizadas simula??es, utilizando o simulador STARS do grupo CMG, a partir de um modelo de reservat?rio proposto. Observou-se que o efeito da espessura do reservat?rio foi o par?metro que mais influenciou no desempenho do processo, enquanto que para o tempo de soaking essa influ?ncia n?o foi significativa

[pt] Soluções poliméricas diluídas podem ser usadas na indústria de Óleo e Gás para injeção em reservatórios de petróleo como agentes de controle de mobilidade em técnicas de recuperação avançada de óleo, com o objetivo de aumentar o fator de recuperação do campo e postergar a indesejada alta taxa de produção de água. No entanto, o fenômeno macroscópico esperado, aumento da eficiência de varrido, é influenciado diretamente por fatores microscópicos que ocorrem na escala de poro. Devido às suas grandes cadeias moleculares, ao avançar através do meio poroso, soluções poliméricas de alto peso molecular dificultam o avanço da água alterando a razão de mobilidades água/óleo. Porém, o estudo de escoamento de soluções poliméricas ainda é um desafio devido ao comportamento não Newtoniano da relação vazão x diferença de pressão e à sensibilidade a diversos fatores como: tipo de polímero utilizado, concentração, razão de viscosidades, temperatura, salinidade e taxa de cisalhamento. O presente trabalho analisa a implementação de dois modelos constitutivos, Oldroyd-B e FENE-CR, aplicados ao método de solução de elementos finitos, EF, utilizando a formulação dos resíduos ponderados de Galerkin para modelar o escoamento de soluções poliméricas diluídas através de capilares com constrição e entender os fenômenos viscosos e elásticos envolvidos. Os resultados obtidos fornecem uma descrição mais detalhada da aplicação dos modelos testados e do escoamento de soluções poliméricas diluídas em gargantas de poros. / [en] Diluted polymeric solutions can be used in Oil & Gas industry for reservoir injection as mobility control agents in enhanced oil recovery technics, which goal is to increase the oil field recovery factor and postpone the high water production rates. However, the macroscopic expected phenomena, increase of the areal sweep, is directly influenced by microscopic factors that occurs at the pore scale. Due to their huge molecular chains, by advancing through the porous media, high molecular weight polymer solutions hinder the water flow changing the water/oil mobility ratio. Nevertheless, the comprehension of polymeric solutions flow is still a great challenge due to the Non-Newtonian behavior of the flow rate x pressure gradient relation and the sensibility to several variables such as: type of polymer used, concentration, viscosity ratio, temperature, salinity and shear rate. The present work analyzes the implementation of two constitutive models, Oldroyd-B and FENE-CR, coupled with the Finite Element method using the Galerkin weighted residual formulation to model the flow of diluted polymeric solutions through constricted capillaries and understand the viscous and elastic phenomena involved. The obtained results provide a more detailed portrait of the constitutive models and the flow of diluted polymeric solutions through pore throats.