Le sujet de ce mémoire s'attache à circonscrire le champ de l'extase chez Georges Bataille. Il s’agit de délimiter les frontières d’un concept qui, a priori, ne peut en avoir, d’où un paradoxe à résoudre : comment parvenir à poser des limites à ce qui est illimité par essence ? Nous verrons que l’extase bataillienne rompt de façon radicale avec la tradition mystique en créant un concept qui, au lieu d’embrasser l’absolu, le tout, demeure une expérience purement intérieure. Nous nous focaliserons ensuite sur le caractère érotique de ses fondations. Bataille revendique en effet l’essence érotique, et non mystique, de l’extase. Parce que pour Georges Bataille, la mystique c’est l’impossible, nous analyserons enfin l’impasse apparente de son extase. Car si le champ de ce dernier se borne au seuil du mystique, il en résulte une puissance et portée moindres que celles de l’extase proprement mystique. Dès lors, nous nous interrogerons sur les failles d’un tel concept. Étant donné que l’extase bataillienne rejette toute mystique de son champ, il nous faudra nous pencher sur la possibilité de la définir comme un échec. Georges Bataille a-t-il conceptualisé l'extase du drogué ? Ou les débris laissés par le mort de Dieu ? A moins que l'extase bataillienne ne concrétise simplement l'agonie du spirituel... Dans cette recherche, nous définirons des notions batailliennes telles que : « nudité », « angoisse », « dépense improductive », « souveraineté » ou « petite mort ». Et pour ce faire, nous nous concentrerons en priorité sur ces ouvrages : L’expérience intérieure, Ma mère, L’histoire de l’œil, Le bleu du ciel et L’Érotisme. / The purpose of this thesis is to define the topic of ecstasy as understood and explained by Georges Bataille. Our goal being to establish the frontiers of a concept which is, a priori, free of limits, we might be facing a paradox. In fact, how can we limit something which is by essence, unlimited ? We will see that the ecstasy of Bataille breaks in a radical way with the traditional notions of the mystic by creating a concept that, instead of embracing the Absolute, the All, remains an inner experience. Then, we will precise our search into the erotic nature of its foundations. Indeed, Bataille claims the erotic essence, not mystical, of the ecstasy. For him, the mystic is the impossible. Because of that, we will study the apparent deadlock of his conception of the ecstasy. The fact that Bataille’s conception of the ecstasy ends when the mystic begins, we conclude that the ecstasy is for him of a lesser power and scope than the mystical ecstasy. Therefore, we will discuss the possible weaknesses of such a conception of the ecstasy. Knowing that Bataille excludes all the mystical aspects from its vision of the ecstasy, we will ask if we should consider it a failure by nature. Has Georges Bataille actually conceptualized the ecstasy of the drug consumer? Has he tried to link his conception of ecstasy to the ruins left by the death of God ? Or could it be that Bataille’s ecstasy is simply the agony of the spirituality...? In this study, we will define some notions introduced by Bataille such as: “nudity”, “anxiety”, “unproductive expenditure”, “sovereignty” or “little death”. In order to do so, we will work on the following literature by Bataille: L’expérience intérieure, Ma mère, L’histoire de l’œil, Le bleu du ciel and L’Érotisme.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

There are many ways in which gender diversity and sexualness are experienced, spoken of and transacted in India. Recent activism against marginalisation related to sexual and gender nonconformity has led to transformation of some of these idioms into objects that circulate in particular registers of governmentality. In the process, something quite else is created, and this something else portends to speak the truth of 'sexuality in India'. Based on fieldwork carried out between 2005 and 2007 in cities, towns and villages around India, this thesis tells a story of this emergence of 'sexuality' as an aspect of personhood, a political object, a basis for social mobility, a mode of connectedness between people and as a legitimate cause for a movement. The term 'Queer', used variously in India, is a shorthand in some contexts for people who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and with South Asian identities such as Hijra, Kothi and Aravani. In others, it refers to a political project challenging norms of heterosexual monogamy, marking a conscious move away from identity-based politics premised on a bio-medical presumption that desire defines personhood. Evoking both these meanings, I examine queer activism as the negotiation of terms of entry of Queer bodies into epidemiological and juridical registers. In relation to the first, I examine interventions of the transnational HIV/AIDS industry that target 'men who have sex with men' – or 'MSM' – the category through which the industry apprehends sexualness between male subjects. I focus on the political-economic conditions of epidemiological knowledge, and on the transformation of idioms of gender and sexualness that its production draws upon. The industry, I argue, is involved in establishing availability of socio-economically marginalised bodies for intervention and research. These relationships of availability are possible because of their promise of social mobility and respectability for queer folk, hitherto despised in masculinist political economies. This mobility is contingent upon the creation and adoption of epidemiologically overdetermined identities which ironically find political significance in being seen as timeless and 'traditional'. The dichotomous being of the 'MSM' - simultaneously the producer and the object of this epidemiological knowledge, implies that the production of this knowledge is predicated upon the ability of queer folk to perform their place in the 'community'. The relationships in the 'field' are already written into the data, and thus the knowledge. Epidemiological knowledge, and the subjects it speaks of, I thus argue, are best understood as articulations of the conditions of their production. The second theme, of Law and the juridical register, opens with an examination of the tensions involved in the production of 'homophobia' as a political object. The disavowal of erotic dimensions in the naming of experiences as 'homophobic violence' is situated in the context of a popular imagination of a worthy juridical subject, and in broader imaginings of power. I then turn to the conditions under which the law, and in particular, Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, a Victorian anti-sodomy law under which homosexuality is seen to be criminalised, comes to be central to the Queer movement in India. Activism has given Section 377 a 'social life', an awareness of the law in public spheres, amongst law enforcers and branches of the State. Simultaneously, the Law has been inaugurated as a space for the articulation of more diffuse tensions. It has given a tangibility and intelligibility to experiences of exclusion, marginalisation and violence. I then examine a litigation at the High Court of Delhi challenging this law on grounds that it violates Fundamental Rights, focussing on the constitution of a coherent Queer body, cast simultaneously as enumerable, drawing on epidemiological knowledge; and, as capable of instantiation through individual narratives of violation. This project, where a sexuality is ascribed to the citizen-subject, is then juxtaposed with instances where activists actively strip sexualness off of the Queer body in order to make claims to citizenship. This is a cleavage in the Queer movement, an effect of the diversity of bodies it claims to speak of, as, and for, and the conditions under which these diverse bodies seek articulation. Between these projects lies ambiguity, which, I argue, is a precious resource for Queer folk, and for the movement. I suggest a conceptual shift from 'sexuality', (as personhood), to 'sexualness' (where desire flows through subjects without constituting them), argue that the Subject found in registers of governmentality may best be understood in terms of its political economy and distinct from psychic formations, and finally, offer up thoughts for a politics of ambiguity.

La métamorphose envisagée comme principe révélateur du nu laisse apparaître la réalité ambiguë de son existence plastique, la situant dans un entre-deux permanent oscillant entre accès et détournement, monstration et effacement. Corps photographique ou pictural, il devient signe d’une trace, d’une sensation par son incorporation au sein de livres photographiques. Ces recueils intimistes, dévoilant les identités multiples du corps féminin, proposent une intensification du désir par la mise en suspens d’une étreinte métaphorique. Lié à des récits mythologiques, poétiques et artistiques, le nu métamorphosé offre une entrée particulière où la mise en doute de son aspect présente sa suspension dans une immensité le dépassant. Etendu, morcelé, établit dans toute sa fragilité, il compose tout autant de paysages à arpenter qu’à contempler, où le toucher répond à l’excitation visuelle. L’infime apparence du corps sous-tend la peau, transperce le regard en se déployant dans un érotisme éblouissant. Par l’inscription de cette surface-peau, le nu métamorphosé est cette forme en dissolution qui survient dans un éclatement du corps et propose une véritable géographie épidermique, qui s’articule entre révélation de l’intimité de l’être et pluralité des sensations. / Transformation considered as a revealing principle of the nude shows the ambiguous reality of its plastic existence, putting it an everlasting in-between place that wavers between access and diversion, showing and fading. Photographic or pictorial body, it becomes the sign of an impression, a feeling by its incorporation into photography books. These intimist collections, revealing the numerous identities of the feminine body, offer an intensification of the desire by having a figurative embrace to await. Being linked to mythological, poetical or artistic tales, the transformed nude presents a peculiar entry where questioning its aspect displays its suspension in a vastness that goes beyond it. Stetched, broken up, fully settled in its frailty, it forms landscapes to be stridden across just as well as gazed upon, where the sense of touch responds to the visual excitement. The minimal appearance of the body underlines the skin, enhances its grain, enshrouds it and gives life to the unspeakable. Burning, biting, the picture and especially one of the skin, pierces through the glance by unfolding in a dazzling eroticism. By the inscription on this skin-surface, the transformed nude is this form in dissolution which occurs thanks to the breaking of the body and which presents a real epidermal geography that is made of a mix between the disclosure of the intimacy of the self and the multitude of feelings.

Les années 1830 sont marquées par l'émergence d'une jeune génération romantique. Parmi ces nouveaux écrivains se trouve Paul Lacroix, jeune homme ambitieux qui désire marquer la littérature de son temps. Il connaît le succès grâce à ses romans historiques publiés sous le pseuadonyme de « Bibliophile Jacob », vieil érudit amateur de livres. Il exprime à travers son œuvre la volonté de donner à son public le goût de l'histoire, science réputée austère et exigeante. Il cherche également à se démarquer de ses illustres aînés et à devenir le « Walter Scott français ». Il joue pour cela sur l'attrait de l'érotisme et introduit ses lecteurs au cœur des secrets les plus intimes de l'histoire de France. Érotiser l'histoire est une manière pour Paul Lacroix de proposer une définition personnelle du roman historique, de s'interroger sur l'esthétique romantique et d'exprimer ses revendications idéologiques. Cette approche plurielle permettra de cerner au mieux les enjeux de son écriture et de montrer les limites de son projet. / The 1830's are caracterized by the emergence of a young romantic generation. Among those new writers is Paul Lacroix, young ambitious man who desires to influence the litterature of his own time. He succeds to do so thanks to the historical novels he published under the pseudonym of « Bibliophile Jacob », old erudite book lover. He expresses through his work his will to give his public a taste for history, known to be an austere and demanding science. He also tries to stand out from his illustrious predecessors in becoming the « french Walter Scott ». Then, he plays on the attraction of eroticism and leads to his readers into the heart of the most intimate secrets of France history. By showing of the erotic side of history, Paul Lacroix gives his personal definition of the historical novel. That way, he brings up question about romantic aesthetic and expresses ideologicals claimings. This plural approach will enable to identify the issues of his writing and to show the limits of his project.

Centrado em dezessete fragmentos da mélica grega arcaica (final do século VII a meados do VI a.C.), este trabalho consiste no estudo da representação de Afrodite nos poetas Álcman, Alceu, Estesícoro, Íbico e Anacreonte. Desse modo, esta tese de doutoramento dá continuidade à dissertação de mestrado já publicada em livro, na qual realizei o mesmo estudo em catorze fragmentos mélicos de Safo (c. 630 - 580 a.C.). Com o recorte agora realizado, o retrato da deusa torna-se ainda mais multifacetado neste que é um dos gêneros poéticos mais importantes da literatura grega antiga, a mélica. Na busca de apreender os movimentos executados nos desenhos de Afrodite pelos cinco poetas mélicos do corpus desta tese, privilegiei a análise interpretativa dos fragmentos sem perder de vista elementos provenientes de outros gêneros poéticos, da iconografia e de registros extraliterários. Procurei, assim, superar, na medida do possível, a precariedade material mais ou menos acentuada das canções fragmentárias e dar conta de uma personagem que não pertence exclusivamente à poesia, mas também a outros gêneros artísticos, à história e à religião gregas. / Concentrated on seventeen fragments of the archaic Greek melic poetry (end of 7th to the middle of 6th centuries B.C.), this work consists in the study of Aphrodites representation in the songs of Alcman, Alcaeus, Stesichorus, Ibycus and Anacreon. Thus, the present graduation thesis gives sequence to the Masters dissertation that has already been published as a book, and in which fourteen melic fragments of Sappho (c. 630 - 580 B.C.) are studied according to the same approach. Now, in this work, the goddesss portrait is even more enhanced in its multiple aspects, despite being fragmented, and inserted in one of the most important genres of ancient Greek literature set within a specific historic period. In the effort to apprehend the movements executed in the drawings of Aphrodite by the five poets in the corpus of this thesis, I have favored the interpretative analysis of the fragments without overlooking the elements originated from other poetic genres, iconographic tradition and extra-literary records. By doing so, I have attempted to overcome, as much as possible, the precariousness of the material, somewhat more or less evident in the fragmented songs, and to understand in-depth a divine character that is not confined to poetry, but pertains to other artistic genres, as well as to Greek history and religion.

Esta dissertação versa sobre a análise do discurso da poesia erótica de Manuel Bandeira, Carlos Drummond de Andrade e João Cabral de Melo Neto. A pesquisa usa a teoria desenvolvida pela escola francesa de análise do discurso mais especificamente a Semântica Global, termo proposto por Dominique Maingueneau para a integração de sete planos básicos de um discurso. A semiótica, o estilo e o conceito de ethos discursivo ajudam a complementar esta pesquisa cujo objetivo é mostrar como o erotismo é visto por cada autor. / Esta dissertação versa sobre a análise do discurso da poesia erótica de Manuel Bandeira, Carlos Drummond de Andrade e João Cabral de Melo Neto. A pesquisa usa a teoria desenvolvida pela escola francesa de análise do discurso mais especificamente a Semântica Global, termo proposto por Dominique Maingueneau para a integração de sete planos básicos de um discurso. A semiótica, o estilo e o conceito de ethos discursivo ajudam a complementar esta pesquisa cujo objetivo é mostrar como o erotismo é visto por cada autor.

O foco deste estudo é a investigação dos traços constitutivos do erotismo e suas modulações em Manuel Bandeira pelo viés temático-estilístico. Para isso, foram analisados poemas em que a nudez está alçada ao patamar contemplativo; em que a finitude da matéria e a transcendência espiritual confluem; em que sujeito e objeto se entregam sem moderação às atrações e ímpetos sexuais; em que se instaura a sublime compaixão e, por fim, poemas em que sagrado e libidinoso se complementam. O percurso das análises não privilegiou um livro do poeta em específico; para o estudo das variantes dos discursos eróticos em Bandeira foram selecionados poemas de maturidades díspares, representativos de uma personalidade literária plural como a do poeta. / The focus of this research project is to investigate the component features of eroticism and its nuances in Manuel Bandeira\'s work through a thematic-stylistic bias. Therefore, a diversity of poems were analysed, the ones in which nudity reaches its contemplative plateau; in which matter finiteness and spiritual transcendence converge; in which subject and object indulge without moderation in attractions and sexual impulse; in which ultimate compassion is introduced and, finally, poems in which sacred and libidinous are complementary. The analyses were not focused on one specific book by the poet; for the study of the variants of the erotic discourse in Bandeira, poems from divergent maturities, which are representative of a plural literary personality as the one from the poet.

O trabalho tem como objeto os filmes realizados por Andy Warhol entre 1963 e 1969. No primeiro capítulo, \"A máquina\", discutimos algumas questões mais gerais e teóricas sobre a passagem de Warhol pelo cinema, em especial a constituição de um estilo impessoal e maquínico, que o artista parece trazer diretamente de sua prática anterior na pintura. No segundo capítulo, \"Corpo, superfície e erotismo\", observaremos como essa máquina atua na prática, submetendo os corpos filmados a um rígido dispositivo, trazendo à tona reflexões sobre temas como a performance e o erotismo nesses filmes. / The present work is focused on the films directed by Andy Warhol between 1963 and 1969. On the Chapter 1, \"The machine\", we\'ll deal with more wide and theoretical questions concerning Warhol\'s itinerary through cinema, in particular the setting up of an impersonal and machinic style brought to cinema by the artist from his previous practice on painting. On the Chapter 2, \"Body, surface and eroticism\", we\'ll see how this machine works in practical terms by subduing the bodies to its rigid apparatus, bringing out issues such as the performance and the eroticism in those films.

Esta dissertação aproxima o livro Fluxo-floema, 1970, de Hilda Hilst (1930-2004), e as obras relacionais de Lygia Clark (1920-1988). Contemporâneas, apesar de não estabelecerem diálogo explícito em vida, as poéticas dessas artistas tangenciam temas comuns à arte da segunda metade do século XX. A despeito de se expressarem em linguagens diferentes, elas tematizam em sua obra literária ou plástica o desejo da comunicação e da alteridade como topos recorrente e privilegiado, a ponto de tal questão deslocar-se para rupturas formais que colocam em xeque a materialidade de seus códigos as palavras e as imagens e os limites de suas gramáticas a narrativa e a pintura. Além disso, Hilda Hilst experimenta o desenho e Lygia Clark se aventura em textos poéticos, memórias e cartas, o que permite uma leitura transversal das artistas. Ao comparar o gesto criativo de ambas, pode-se ver na escritora a plasticidade sugerida pela artista, ou ainda, ler na artista as palavras evocadas pela escritora. / This research brings closer the book Fluxo-floema, 1970, by Brazilian writer Hilda Hilst (1930-2004) to the relational objects by Brazilian artist Lygia Clark (1920-1988). Despite there is no evidence that they have established a dialogue in life, their contemporary poetics affect themes shared with the art from the second half of 20th century. In their literary and plastic works, Hilst and Clark, respectively, express the wish of alterity and communication as privileged topics. Such issues disrupt the form and even challenge the materiality of the adopted codes words and images and the boarders of their system of rules that is, the narrative and the painting. Moreover, Hilst experiments with drawing and Clark experiences adventures with poetic texts, memories and letters, which allows us a transversal reading of their oeuvres. The comparison of their creative gestures allows us to see in the writer the plasticity suggested by the artist and to read in the artist the words evoked by the writer.