The last thirty years have seen a resurgence in the research of sonata form. One groundbreaking treatise in this renaissance is James Hepokoski and Warren Darcy’s 2006 monograph Elements of Sonata Theory: Norms, Types, and Deformations in the Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata. Hepokoski and Darcy devise a set of norms in order to characterize typical happenings in a late 18th-century sonata. Subsequently, many theorists have taken these norms (and their deformations) and extrapolate them to 19th-century sonata forms. My work aims to characterize Antonin Dvořák’s chamber music in the context of Sonata Theory, using the treatise as a jumping off point in order to analyze his music. This dissertation contains three main chapters. The first chapter deals with two of the themes of this dissertation: form and influence. Schubert’s influence on Dvořák’s music was notable, so after comparing some of Dvořák’s writing about Schubert’s music, I examine specific musical elements (sonic, formal, and structural) from Schubert’s String Quintet in C Major, D. 956 that Dvořák emulates in his string quartet in the same key. Chapters 3 and 4 put Dvořák’s sonata form practices into a 19th-century context, and I examine how he treats the MC and EEC sections of an exposition. In Chapter 3, I contend that Dvořák’s use of energy loss before and after the medial caesura is just as rhetorically successful as 18th-century composer’s use of energy gain in the transition section of a sonata. Additionally, many of Dvořák’s sonata forms feature expositions with vastly elongated S themes, thereby pushing rhetorical closure of the exposition back. This is unlike 18th-century sonatas, whose expositions routinely wrap up with a cadence in the second key after the first phrase. Thus, Chapter 4 displays several sonatas where Dvořák extends S-rhetoric in order to delay the close of the exposition. Even though not originally intended for this music, Hepokoski and Darcy’s treatise provides a fruitful set of norms that can be related to works from the 19th century. Additionally, Dvořák’s music is especially appropriate for this treatment, as his compositional style owes many allegiances to 18th-century techniques.

Uma das características da língua hebraica, bem como das demais línguas semíticas, é sua construção a partir de uma raiz formada, em geral, por três consoantes principais. Para formar seus textos, serão aglutinadas a estas raízes consoantes afixas (prefixos/infixos/ sufixos), com funções de pronomes, preposições, e outras. Na tentativa de alcançar satisfatoriamente nosso objetivo, o ensino do hebraico língua estrangeira, propomos a utilização de uma metodologia de ensino que facilite a memorização, a busca do sentido contextualizado e o ensino de estruturas gramaticais com o mínimo de conteúdo léxico, preparando o aprendiz para conquistá-lo em tempo oportuno. Uma das possibilidades de facilitação do ensino do léxico hebraico pode ser observada nas características desta língua, quando baseada na estrutura formal dos pronomes pessoais e alguns elementos inseridos em diversas categorias gramaticais, que nela aparecem como afixos. Esses afixos hebraicos são elementos que dão conta do direcionamento textual bem como de quase todas as ações e temporalidades verbais. A função artigo exercida por estas consoantes será o fio condutor do nosso objetivo em demonstrar a permeabilidade da língua e estimular professores e pesquisadores na busca de elementos que facilitem o aprendizado ao utilizarem os afixos como ponto de partida para o entendimento do texto hebraico, especificamente o bíblico, como língua instrumental. / One of the characteristic of Hebraic language, just like other semitic languages, is its construction from a structure composed, in general, for three main consonants. To obtain their texts there will be agglutinated affix consonants (suffix/prefix) in these radicals with functions of pronouns, prepositions, among others. Trying to get satisfactionally our objective, which is teaching of Hebraic language, we propose a method of teaching that makes easier the process of memorizing, looking for a context that make sense and the teach of grammatical structures that have the minimum of lexicon content, preparing the learner to make the most of the Hebraic language. One of the possibilities of making easier the lexicon Hebraic teaching can be observed in the characteristic of this language, based in formal structure of personal pronouns and some elements introduced in other grammatical categories, which are affixes. These Hebraic affixes are elements that give textual direction of almost all actions and verbal temporality. The article function used by these consonants will be the guide of our objective in order to show the permeability of this language and stimulate teachers and scientists to search elements that become easier the learning using affixes as beginning to understand the Hebraic text, mainly the biblical one, as instrumental language.

A presente dissertação de mestrado trata da reflexão sobre a criação de máscaras teatrais, tendo como enfoque principal a interação corpo-objeto. Pretende-se analisar como as dimensões plásticas de tal objeto (sua concepção de tamanho, formato e cor) se caracterizam como uma poética gestual e permitem o desenvolvimento de distintas qualidades do jogo cênico. O trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre a atuação a partir das formas, ou seja, uma análise quanto à influência e à força das linhas e dos relevos sobre a arquitetura corporal e os impulsos físicos. Nesse percurso, a máscara se conecta a outras manifestações artísticas, como a dança, a pintura e a escultura, ampliando, respectivamente, as fronteiras reflexivas e as possibilidades da criação teatral. / This Master\'s thesis is about the reflection on the creation of theatrical masks with the main focus on body-object interaction. It intends to analyze how the plastic dimensions of this object (its design, size, shape, and color) can be characterized as a poetic gesture, and they allow developing distinct qualities of the scenic play. The paper presents a study on the performance beginning from forms, i.e. an analysis of the influence and significance that lines and reliefs have on the body architecture and on physical impulses. Along that line, the mask establishes a relationship to other art forms such as dance, paint, and sculpture, and it respectively widens the boundaries and possibilities of theatrical creation.

Este trabalho propõe um novo modelo de análise musical, em complementação à análise harmônica tradicional, com o estabelecimento de dois atratores - a partir da dilatação da estabilidade harmônica a partir do séc. XVIII e da resolução da dicotomia temática, condições fundamentais para a existência do modelo Sonata - definidos como catástrofe elementar com um fator de controle e dois atratores a partir da Teoria das Catástrofes de René Thom e da simultânea identificação de conflitos formais na análise estrutural, estética e harmônica da Forma Sonata, determinando seu ponto de catástrofe e definindo a mudança total em seu formato, que passa a comunicar uma nova estrutura formal diante da ultrapassagem da curva da descontinuidade. / This project proposes a new model of musical analysis, complementary to the traditional harmonic analysis. The establishment of two attractors issued from the expansion of the 18th centurys harmonic stability and from the thematic resolution of the thematic dichotomy, basic conditions for the Sonata Forms existence is its starting point, which defines an elementary catastrophe with one control factor from the René Thoms Catastrophe Theory. The simultaneous identification of formal conflicts in the structural, aesthetics and harmonic analysis of the Sonata Form is a further condition to determine its degenerate critical point and to define the total change in its format, which is to communicate a new formal structure after passing through its pitchfork bifurcation.

Free form surface measurement and its subsequent analysis is becoming a subject of considerable interest, not only within the engineering field, but also in bioengineering, medical and dental research. In particular, within the field of dental research, the oral structures comprise a variety of complex free form surfaces, which are often recorded by elastomeric impression materials. In this study, an optical triangulation-based, noncontact probe fitted onto a Co-ordinate Measuring Machine was used to acquire three-dimensional co-ordinate data from such complex free form surfaces. When using an optical probe to digitise a complex free form surface represented by impressions, an optimal digitisation strategy is critical to limit the uncertainty of the data acquisition procedure, because the raw data are the basis for later surface measurement and analysis. This study attempted to optimise a method for three dimensional free form surface data acquisition, measurement and analysis. A theoretical and systematic analysis of error distribution was carried out using standard objects and optimal digitisation strategies were proposed in relation to specified models. Two simulation models of two typical human tooth surfaces were extensively analysed and evaluated. Three reference systems were developed for comparative measurements of those surfaces that have fewer geometrical features. An integrated automatic data acquisition procedure was also developed to scan a large number of impressions. Several successful research applications have been carried out using the methodology developed in this study.

The bending of elastic strips and rods is a field of research that continues to offer new possibilities for exploration. This dissertation focuses on two distinct problems within this context. These are the search for the equilibrium shape of thin inextensible elastic strips, such as a M�öbius strip made out of paper, and the optimal shape of tapered columns that are stable against buckling. A theoretical approach based on the principle of virtual work is used to investigate both problems. This produces novel governing non-linear differential equations that describe both equilibrium and form. In order to discover the equilibrium shapes, numerical algorithms are developed that are based on Dynamic Relaxation. There are two ways in which they are used, one as an explicit form-finding tool, and the other as a way of solving differential equations. Results are provided that extend current theoretical models. The numerical schemes produce three-dimensional shapes for strips, going beyond the canonical Möbius strip, and solution shapes for tapered columns made from non-linear elastic materials. With the aid of analytical and numerical tools, finding the form of the M�öbius strip and the tallest possible column are interesting challenges in the search for new shapes that are driven by physical and material rules. These have applicability in structural engineering, architecture, nano-technology and even artistic endeavour.

We address the problem of identifying the neighborhood structure of an undirected graph, whose nodes are labeled with the elements of a multivariate normal (MVN) random vector. A semi-definite program is given for estimating the information matrix under arbitrary constraints on its elements. More importantly, a closed-form expression is given for the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of the information matrix, under the constraint that the information matrix has pre-specified elements in a given pattern (e.g., in a principal submatrix). The results apply to the identification of dependency labels in a graphical model with neighborhood constraints. This neighborhood structure excludes nodes which are conditionally independent of a given node and the graph is determined by the non- zero elements in the information matrix for the random vector. A cross-validation principle is given for determining whether the constrained information matrix returned from this procedure is an acceptable model for the information matrix, and as a consequence for the neighborhood structure of the Markov Random Field (MRF) that is identified with the MVN random vector.

Detta arbete undersöker hur färg och form kan användas för att understödja orienteringen i och upplevelsen av en shoppingmiljö. Hur färg kan appliceras i en galleria för att vägleda besökaren, identifiera olika delar av miljön och förändra uppfattningen om dess rumsliga form och långa avstånd. Arbetet har sin utgångspunkt i återbruksgallerian ReTunas blivande lokaler som under byggprocessen visat sig ha en del brister. Något som förutses sänka den positiva upplevelsen av shoppingmiljön, genom långa avstånd och en otydlig struktur som försvårar orienteringen. Platsansvariga efterfrågar därmed en formgivning som kompenserar för dessa brister. Genom litteraturstudier, platsanalys, utprovning av färger och skisser, har ett designförslag till ReTuna tagit form. Detta med fokus på hur färg i kombination med form skapar identitet, struktur och vägledning, samt färgers förmåga att påverka upplevelsen av den rumsliga formen. Resultatet av detta arbete är ett färgbaserat vägledningskoncept, där viktiga punkter i lokalen identifierats, kategoriserats och tilldelats en identitetsfärg. Med en utprovad färgkombination och en färgsättning som är formgiven utifrån pilformens egenskaper och dess förmåga att vägleda.

BAKGRUND: Skapande verksamhet är vanligt förekommande i förskolan. Läroplanen förförskolan slår fast att sådan verksamhet skall finnas med för att bl.a. främja lärandet. Det finnsmånga villkor som påverkar barns val av att ägna sig åt bild- formskapande. Tidigareforskning inom området pekar på miljöns betydelse samt att barn inspireras av varandra.SYFTE: Syftet med vår studie är att studera vilka villkor i förskolans kontext som påverkarbarnen att välja bild och form som ett av flera sätt att uttrycka sig och kommunicera.METOD: Utifrån en etnografisk ansats har vi använt oss av intervju och observation för attsamla in vår data. Intervjuer har genomförts med pedagoger på de två förskoleavdelningarnadär studien utförts. Vidare har observationer av skapandeaktiviteter ägt rum som följts uppmed intervjuer av samtalskaraktär med de barn som genomförde aktiviteten.RESULTAT: Vårt resultat visar på en komplexitet gällande de villkor som påverkarbarnens val av bild och form i förskolan. Bronfenbrenners utvecklingsekologiska modell harhjälp oss att sortera och se denna komplexitet ur ett vidare perspektiv. I resultatet synliggörsoch diskuteras några av de villkor som påverkar barns val av bild- och formaktiviteter i tvåolika förskolekontexter. De villkor som identifierats kan kopplas till pedagogerna ochkamraterna i verksamheten, likaså till förskolans miljö. På en annan nivå påverkar rektor ochpolitiska beslut. / Uppsatsnivå: C

I denna uppsats studerar jag drapering som arbetssätt inom mönsterkonstruktion. Drapering ären klassisk teknik för att forma tyg runt en kropp. När man arbetar med denna teknik är störstfokus på plaggets uttryck och fall. Studien är utförd i samarbete med ett litet svensktmodeföretag, och inom studien utvecklas en klänning, en kjol och en byxa. I det praktiskaarbetet tillämpas en arbetsmetod som innefattar märkning och nedmontering av det draperadeplagget. Denna arbetsmetod visar sig vara framgångsrik när det kommer till att återskapa dendraperade formen som tagits fram av designern. Drapering, som är ett tredimensionelltarbetssätt, jämförs i studien med traditionell platt mönsterkonstruktion. Inom plattmönsterkonstruktion använder man standardmåttlistor och grunduppställningar somutgångspunkt när man konstruerar modeller. Inom drapering börjar man med att skapamodellen genom att drapera upp plagget på en docka och själva mönsterkonstruktionen börjarinte förrän plagget har monterats ned från dockan. Man har således inte samma arbetsgång närman arbetar med draperade och platta konstruktioner. Drapering är ett mer fritt arbetssätt änplatt mönsterkonstruktion är. Inom drapering arbetar man ständigt med kroppen somutgångspunkt, och låter den och materialet som används bestämma plaggets form och fall. / Program: Designteknikerutbildningen