The spreading of HIV/AIDS has a gendered dimension. In this essay I focus on the gender roles that create different spheres for the sexes and how they are connected to the spreading of HIV/AIDS. The construction of masculinity hinders the HIV preventing efforts due to the social demands of having several partners and the dislike of using condoms. Sometimes it also results in gender-based violence. The female gender role narrows the possibilities for women to protect themselves. The women are struck harder by the disease because they are in a disadvantageous position in society where they have few means of economic independence and no control over their own bodies in their sexual relationships. The key is to change the gendered domain and the attitudes toward both men and women.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bueno_nc_me_bauru.pdf: 13847234 bytes, checksum: dd77336962eef00277ed7ef6ff60d0ab (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Na abordagem feminista, de modo geral, os meios disseminam uma imagem discriminatória das mulheres, ao destacarem e valorizarem questões, vozes ou imagens masculinas em detrimento das feministas. No caso do jornalismo, essa discriminação se potencializa, devido a sua suposta imparcialidade, dificultando a visualização das relações de dominação presentes nesse meio. Por isso, Bourdieu aponta o jornalismo como uma instituição que mantém e eterniza, de forma sutil, a relação de dominação entre os gêneros, pois consiste em um importante formador de opiniões que reproduz a estrutura simbólica androcêntrica. Buscando verificar a pertinência ou não destes pressupostos, este trabalho analisou a cobertura jornalística da Folha de S. Paulo e d'O Estado de S. Paulo, do caso de hostilização de estudantes universitários a outra aluna, com o objetivo de verificar se os enquadramentos praticados por aqueles jornais foram ou não favoráveis à caracterização do acontecimento como manifestação de intolerância e violência, apontando-o ou não como resultado de uma cultura opressiva em relação ao comportamento da mulher. A pesquisa constantou que houve um predomínio dos enquadramentos neutros, seguidos dos favoráveis, sendo que em O Estado de S. Paulo a frequencia do enquadramento favorável foi maior do que na Folha de S. Paulo. Conclui-se sugerindo que é importante não apenas a imprensa construir representações mais adequadas em relação às relações de gênero, mas também promover representações com caráter emancipador, que contestem as noções desfavoráveis relativas às condutas femininas / In the feminist approach, in general, the media spread a discriminatory image of women. In the case of journalism, such discrimination is strengthened due to their supposed impartiality, making it difficult to visualize the relationship of domination present in the environment. Therefore, Bourdieu suggests journalism as an institution that maintains and perpetuates, in a subtle way, the relation of domination of between the genders. Secking to verify the relevance of these assumptions, this study examined the coverage of the Folha de S. Paulo and O Esatdo de S. Paulo of the harassment's case university student to another student, in order to verify whether the frameworks practiced by those newspaper were favorable or unfavorable to the characterization of the event as a manifestation of intolerance and violence, pointing it or not as the result of a culture oppressive conduct in relation to the woman. The research found that there was a predominance of neutral frameworks, followed by the favorable, and in the Estado de São Paulo the frequency of favorable framework was greater than in the Folha de S. Paulo. Concludes suggesting that it is important not only to build media representations more appropriate with regard to gender relations, but also to promote emancipatory character representations with which to challenge the negative notions regarding female behavior

Orientador: Arilda Inês Miranda Ribeiro / Banca: Rachel Silveira Wrege / Banca: Levino Bertam / Resumo: Esse trabalho apresenta alguns questionamentos sobre religiosidade e as relações de gênero dela decorrentes que merecem um espaço nas pautas das discussões cujo tema é a construção da cidadania e da emancipação humana. Procuramos mostrar que tais questões embora presentes no cotidiano escolar, foram se tornando corriqueiras a ponto de tornarem-se imperceptíveis aos sujeitos que as vivenciam. O texto trata das relações de gênero instituídas por meio da religião, com enfoque nas professoras crentes da Congregação Cristã no Brasil, uma igreja que conta com um número considerável de fiéis e que apresenta características diferenciadas das demais igrejas pentecostais. Discute-se alguns conceitos que se cruzam e entrecruzam ao longo do trabalho, e se encerra concluindo que embora o discurso circulante afirme que "religião não se discute", se faz necessário incluir na pauta das discussões as questões referentes à identidade/diferença, produzidas pelas religiões, apesar da complexidade dessa tarefa já que não se constitui numa questão gerada no interior de movimentos sociais, e nem possui características reivindicatórias de nenhum grupo social. / Abstract: This paper presents some queries about religiosity and the gender relations related to them that deserve to be discussed whose theme is the construction of citizenship and human emancipation. However, such queries are present in school routine; they were so common that became imperceptible to the ones who lived it, The text deals with gender relations instituted by religion, focusing on protestant teachers from " Congregação Cristã no Brasil" a church which has a great number of followers and has different characteristics from other Pentecostal churches. Some concepts that crossed and intercrossed throughout the paper are discussed, and it ends concluding that, although circulating speech claims that "we must not discuss religion", it is an issue needed to be discussed referring to identity/differences, created by religions, in despite of complexity of this task because it is not a query generated inside social movements, and neither has characteristics of vindication from any social group. / Mestre

Uma experiência enquanto professora com um aluno que brincava com bonecas, maquiagem e saias, foi a primeira oportunidade que tive de refletir sobre as questões de gênero na escola e foi a motivação para iniciar os estudos de gênero que redundaram nesta dissertação. A pesquisa foi realizada numa escola municipal de educação infantil em São Bernardo do Campo (SP), a mesma em que atuo como coordenadora pedagógica. Numa abordagem qualitativa, realizei observações dos momentos de brincadeira na escola para compreender, a partir da ótica das crianças, como elas vivenciam as relações de gênero. Esta pesquisa se vincula à área de estudos de gênero e para perceber a criança como protagonista da ação houve aproximação teórica com os autores da área da Sociologia da Infância Os resultados mostraram que os meninos e as meninas participantes desta pesquisa transitavam pelas brincadeiras, em alguns momentos com polarização das expetativas de gênero muito clara (brincadeiras de menino versus brincadeira de menina) e em outros com fronteiras que não se fixavam (como no caso das brincadeiras de super-heróis e salão de beleza). Enquanto em algumas situações era clara a ruptura das expectativas sociais de gênero nas brincadeiras entre as crianças, em outras essas rupturas eram tão sutis que poderiam passar desapercebidas. Conclui-se então que as crianças, nas situações de brincadeira, não só reproduzem, mas também rompem e ressignificam os padrões de gênero esperados e que essa dinâmica contraditória pode ser utilizada pelos/as educadores/as para ampliar os repertórios disponíveis tanto para meninos quanto para meninas. / Working as a teacher, I observed a boy student who played with dolls, makeup and skirts. That was the first opportunity I had to reflect on gender issues at school. Moreover, it was the motivation to start gender studies that resulted in this work. The assessment was conducted in Sao Bernardo do Campo (SP), in a municipal school of early childhood education where I work as educational coordinator. Using the qualitative approach, I realized observations of the recreational moments at the school to understand, from the perspective of children, how they experience gender relations. This research is bounded with the area of gender studies and, as to perceive children as the protagonists of the action, there was theoretical closeness to the authors of the area of Childhood Sociology. The results showed that boys and girls, who participated in this research, were transiting the games. In some moments the polarization of gender expectations was very clear (Boy games vs. Girl games) and at other times the boundaries were not fixed (as in the case of superheroes and beauty salon games). While in some instances the rupture of the social expectations of gender in play among children was very clear, in other circumstances these splits were so subtle that might otherwise go unnoticed. It was concluded that children, when playing, do not only reproduce, but also break and resignify the expected gender patterns. Therefore, this contradictory dynamic can be used by educators to enlarge the available repertory for both boys and girls.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-07T12:32:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO EMANUELY_ARCO IRIS COMPLETA.pdf: 3645050 bytes, checksum: 0a39f047fa2fe613588f3805c84c1003 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T12:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO EMANUELY_ARCO IRIS COMPLETA.pdf: 3645050 bytes, checksum: 0a39f047fa2fe613588f3805c84c1003 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-10 / CAPEs / Desenvolvemos um estudo sobre a presença da mulher na pós-graduação stricto sensu na Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE). Nossa metodologia esteve pautada em uma pesquisa quantitativa, na qual utilizamos esta perspectiva para investigarmos como vem se desenhando as relações de gênero no corpo docente da UFPE. Para tanto, analisamos o número de mulheres e homens docentes a partir da década de 1950 a 2015. Nesse aspecto, a investigação fundamentou-se em quatro áreas do conhecimento: Ciências Humanas, Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Engenharias e Ciências da Saúde. Além disso, a nossa análise fez um levantamento sobre o número de grupos de pesquisa de docentes dos Programas de Pós-graduação da UFPE registrados no CNPq, identificando a representação de gênero nas lideranças destes. A nossa metodologia é também do tipo exploratória e explicativa, tendo o Método do Caso Alargado de Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Nessa perspectiva, centramos o nosso estudo no pensamento teórico de Joan Scott, Sandra Harding, Marcela Lagarde, Helen Longino, Walter Mignolo, Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Guacira Lopes Louro, LondaSchiebinger, Jacqueline Leta e outras/os, no que se refere às questões das relações de gênero e da ciência. Outrossim, pesquisar sobre as relações de gênero na Universidade é ainda levar em consideração as diferenças socioculturais que hierarquizam os grupos existentes, para que possamos compreender a importância de uma sociedade onde mulheres e homens sejam iguais efetivamente, tanto em direitos, quanto na percepção social de seus papeis e comportamentos. / We developed a study on the presence/ absence of women in the strictosensu postgraduate at the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE). Our methodology was guided in a quantitative research, in which we use this perspective to investigate how has been designing gender relations on the faculty of UFPE. Therefore, we analyzed the number of women teachers and men from 1950 to 2015. In this regard, the investigation was based on four areas of knowledge: Human Sciences, Exact and Earth Sciences, Engineering and Health Sciences. In addition, our analysis did a survey on the number of research groups of teachers of the UFPE Postgraduate Programs registered in CNPq, identifying the gender representation in the leadership of these. Our methodology is, also, the exploratory and explanatory type, having Method Case Extended Boaventura de Sousa Santos. From this perspective, we focus our study on the theoretical thinking of Joan Scott, Sandra Harding, Marcela Lagarde, Helen Longino, Walter Mignolo, Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Guacira Lopes Louro, LondaSchiebinger, Jacqueline Leta and others, in relation to issues of gender relations and science. Furthermore, research on gender relations at the University is still to take into account the socio-cultural differences that rank the existing groups, so that we understand the importance of a society where women and men are effectively equal both in rights and in the social perception of their roles and behaviors.

Orientador: Angela Maria Carneiro Araujo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T10:10:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_VeronicaClemente_M.pdf: 14953695 bytes, checksum: 00c298bbcd434aeeae08ba531ce347ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este estudo analisa a militância feminina, o debate sobre as relações dc gênero e a incorporação de demandas especificas relacionadas à condição feminina na agenda de três sindicatos do Estado de São Paulo: o Sindicato dos Metalúrgicos do ABC o Sindicato dos Quimicos e Plásticos de São Paulo e o Sindicato dos Empregados em Estabelecimcntos Bancários de São Paulo, ao longo dos anos 90. Nesse período, reestruturação produtiva e financeira resultou num conjunto de transformações no mundo do trabalho cujo impacto foi diferente para homens e mulheres das três categorias profissionais. Esse processo de mudanças produziu efeitos que se mostraram comuns para as mulheres das três categorias: a intensificação do ritmo do trabalho, o aumento da pressão psicológico e, conseqüentemente, o aumento de doenças profissionais, como a LER. Nesse contexto o movimento sindical, que se defrontava com uma situação de enfraquecimento, necessitava de uma estratégia de ação para recuperar sua capacidade de mobilização ce alicerçar seu poder de barganha, o que demandava cada vez mais um olhar atento para as necessidades e anseios diferenciados de mulheres e homens. No entanto, nos sindicatos pesquisados, as respostas às adversidades do cenário dos anos 90 foram bastante variadas. Entre os químicos houve um refluxo do debate sobre relações de gênero e da sensibilidade da militância quanto as necessidades das mulheres...Observação: O resumo na integra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: This research focus on women 's militancy and on the gender relations debate along the 90's in three unions of the State of São Paulo: the ABC's Metal Workers Union, the Chemical and Plastic workers Union of São Paulo and and the Bank Workers Union of São Paulo. During this decade, financial and productive restructuring resulted in changes in the working environment which impact was different to men and women on those three professional categorics. These changes' effects were common to women on all three categorics: intensitication of the pace of work, the rising of psychological pressure andconsequent increasing of professional diseases like RSI. In this context, unions were weakened and needed new strategies to recover its recrument capacity and to ground its bargain power. This required the consideration of the different wishes and needs of men anel women alike. However, on the researched unions, the answers to adversities were multiple. Between the chemical workers there was a bilckdrah in the gender relations debate and the militancy's sense towards women's necessities...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations / Mestrado / Ciencia Politica / Mestre em Ciência Política

Since its emergence two decades ago, the Nollywood film industry is fast becoming social, cultural and economic phenomenon among Malawian audiences. Every year, Nollywood actors visit Malawi and some Malawi print media have columns dedicated to Nollywood. According to unofficial statistics carried out by this study, nine out of every ten film enthusiasts in Malawi’s rural areas are Nollywood fanatics, and at least seven out of ten people in the urban areas frequently watch Nollywood films. The films are more popular than both Hollywood and Bollywood films. It could be argued that this popularity is due to the reason that the films are cheaper to buy. Another reason is that the proliferation of free-to-air satellite dishes has made these films easily accessible for the Malawian audience. Notwithstanding these perspectives, this study reveals that unprecedented appeal to Nigerian made films is first and foremost a result of cultural identity. The study, carried out among nine communities across Malawi represented by focus groups, demonstrates that viewers enjoy watching the cultural portrayals manifested in the films by the characters which, they feel, are similar to their own real life and experiences. Taking into account the widespread patronage of Nollywood films, it is safe to assume that these films are making an impact on the local audiences. Based on focus group discussions and analysis of the six case study films by 83 participants in selected areas across Malawi between 2012 and 2013, the study findings indicate that there is a problem of power relations in Malawian society based on gender and iii sex. Men have the upperhand in decision making, access to resources and education opportunities. The study reveals that emergence of the films in Malawi is offering another perspective of gender and social relations: the films’ portrayal of women shows that it is possible for them to have equal opportunities and power relations as their male counterparts. As the case study films were representative of Nollywood films owing to the fact that they represented women/gender and gender relations similary, this study therefore suggests that the films have a potential to bring about social change in Malawian communities. Through the responses of participating audiences that encompassed both men and women, the study reveals that the cinematic portrayals, especially those of female characters, have the potential to change the social perception of women and womanhood. The study uses continentalisation ( as adapted in Omoniyi, 2014b) as a conceptual framework in interpreting and analysing audiences’ responses to female representations in Nollywood films. The study observes that both Nigerian (as depicted by the film characters) and Malawian audiences share common cultural aspects that are predominantly African. The study regards Nollywood as a vehicle of intra-continental cultural flow. For this reason, the study makes an attempt to explore the extent to which Nollywood could be effective in facilitating gender notions that are identical across African societies. The study claims that despite variations in certain elements, culturally, there are more commonalities than differences among Africans. Malawian audiences and in iv particular, female audiences could get an inspiration from the portrayals that would advance their cause in society. Arguably, the portrayals of militancy and some heroism in some female characters could go a long way to inspire the female audiences and instill confidence in them. Thus, exposure to the films for a long period could improve Malawians’ perception of women or womanhood. This thesis therefore argues that Nollywood is a vehicle for the flow of these engendered notions of power relations across the continent. Thus, these engendered notions should be identified as African approaches to gender, and with their emphasis on balanced power relations between male and female members of communities, they have the ability to/ they have a potential to deconstruct social gendered female stereotypes. This study therefore claims that Nollywood films in general offer positive, empowering representation of African women. Nollywood studies are a rather young research field, and the representation of women in those films has been poorly-studied area so far, with gender relations being largely ignored by scholars. The fact that this is the first study done on the reception of Nollywood in Malawi makes it arguably a unique and valuable contribution to knowledge.

<p>In this dissertation, I analyze the Brony community to better understand reconstituted forms of masculinity. Specifically, I focus on the following questions: What does it mean when men incorporate what has traditionally been viewed as stigmatized or feminine into their gender presentations? How do these forms of masculinity represent a challenge to gender politics and how do they reinforce gender inequality? How do women navigate spaces defined by reconstituted forms of masculinity? In what ways do women within these spaces both challenge and maintain power relations? I address these questions through an analysis of interviews with 43 men and women who are fans of <i>My Little Pony </i>and ethnographic observations at four <i>My Little Pony </i>fan conventions. In doing so, this dissertation nuances and extends the literature on reconstituted forms of masculinity, including hybrid masculinities. </p>

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / The year 1994 has important historical meaning for South African citizens. The 1994 election marked the beginning of a new nation and a time of freedom and democracy. As part of the change to a democratic society, the rights to gender equality and women's rights were incorporated in the development of the new constitution. However, although our constitution provides a clause on women's fundamental rights, women abuse is still a pervasive problem of enormous magnitude in South Africa. South Africa has a strongly entrenched patriarchal system, which makes men in terms of gender dominant and women subordinate.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:48:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Diana Lusa_dissertacao.pdf: 532928 bytes, checksum: 5a9fc1cf1ed6d0b12aa8f1f244a50dad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-14 / The main objective of this study was to analyze what speeches, teaching practices and interactions between the teacher(she/he) and students (she/he) have shown about gender relations. To take into account this larger goal, some questions were created in order to guide the study such as, which are the teacher s representations about boys and girls, men and women?; what do the classroom say, and how it is organized about the relationships that may be on this place?; How are treated femininities and masculinities on teacher s practices? what kind of work are developed in the classroom?, how do the teachers speak to the girls and the boys? The theoretical framework to support the analysis of field data has a brief review on feminist social theory from among others, Joan Scott, Guacira Louro e Maria Custódia da Rocha. There is also a reflection on education and gender, that it seeks to elucidate which concept of gender is used in some ways and also the relationship of this concept to teaching, when it takes a bit from the history of teaching and the process of feminization of teaching. It is also made a reflection about how school differences have been built and it is shown how some academic work which had as its study object gender in school . Besides what had been exposed, on the theoretical concepts are considered some of the cultural studies, such as identity and representation, about how we create ourselves and how we are being created (male and female) as social human beings from the representations we have and which has the world around us. It has been made an analysis with the theoretical and field data mentioned on the teacher s practices and what they said about gender relations, which is located in chapter six of this work. It was possible to see three teachers and three different ways of dealing with situations of conflict or gender inequality that appear in their classrooms. Three ways to understand being a man and being a woman , being a boy and being a girl . Teachers who struggle to demystify truths about gender, although that reflects in a different way similar representations about the place of men and women, especially in teaching, even if they do not agree with these social and cultural definitions. What we realized from this research is that even if the subjects are aware of gender issues there is some representation that teaching is a female occupation, even if this / these teachers are opposed to it. On the representation of boys and girls I did not notice differences in how these female teachers and this male teacher face boys and girls with respect to performance. When it comes to behavior subject it has some changes. It is believed that this study will contribute for further reflection on gender relations, particularly in schools, where this kind of study does not happen frequently. We hope to contribute to the academic and school environment with a more empirical study, which is not easy to find. / O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o que os discursos, as práticas docentes e as interações professor/a alunos/as mostram sobre as relações de gênero . Para dar conta deste objetivo mais amplo, algumas questões que nortearam o trabalho foram: quais as representações do professorado sobre meninos e meninas, homens e mulheres?; o que o ambiente da sala de aula e a forma como este está organizado, diz sobre as relações que podem se constituir neste local?; como são tratadas as feminilidades e as masculinidades nas práticas docentes? que tipos de trabalhos são desenvolvidos em sala de aula?; como o professorado se dirige às meninas e aos meninos? O referencial teórico para sustentar a análise dos dados de campo conta com uma breve revisão da teoria social feminista, a partir, dentre outras, de Joan Scott, Guacira Louro e Maria Custódia da Rocha. Conta ainda com uma reflexão sobre educação e gênero, na qual se busca elucidar o conceito de gênero e algumas formas como é usado; como também a relação deste conceito com a docência, quando se retoma um pouco da história da docência e o processo de feminização do magistério. É feita, ainda, uma reflexão sobre como as diferenças escolares vão sendo construídas e são retomados alguns trabalhos acadêmicos que tiveram como objeto de estudo gênero na escola . Além do já exposto, no aporte teórico são considerados alguns conceitos dos estudos culturais, como identidade e representação, sobre como vamos nos criando e sendo criados/as como seres sociais a partir das representações que temos e que tem o mundo que nos circunda. Os sujeitos de pesquisa foram três docentes: duas professoras e um professor. A metodologia utilizada foi entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observações. Foi possível perceber três docentes e três jeitos diferentes de lidar com as situações de conflito ou desigualdade de gênero que aparecem em suas salas de aula. Três jeitos de entender o ser homem e o ser mulher , o ser menino e o ser menina . Docentes que lutam para desmistificar verdades acerca de gênero, mas que deixam transparecer, ainda que de forma diferente, representações semelhantes sobre o lugar de homens e mulheres, em especial na docência, mesmo que não concordem com estas definições sociais e culturais. O que percebemos a partir da pesquisa é que, mesmo que os sujeitos tenham clareza das questões de gênero, ainda há certa representação de que a docência é uma ocupação feminina, mesmo que este/estas docentes sejam contrários a isso. Sobre a representação de meninos e meninas, não percebi diferenças no modo como estas professoras e este professor encaram meninos e meninas com relação ao desempenho. O que já muda de figura, quando o assunto é comportamento. Acredita-se que este estudo contribuirá para uma maior reflexão sobre as relações de gênero, em especial no âmbito escolar, onde não acontecem muitas pesquisas deste tipo. Esperamos assim, contribuir para o meio acadêmico e escolar com mais um estudo empírico, dos não muitos existentes.