This thesis aims to show how the secondary teacher in New Zealand was constituted in discourse through an examination of two major recontextualisations of education, the changes resulting from the Thomas Report (1944), and the Picot Report (1988), and of the collective identity of secondary teachers. Both reports redirected government education policy and regulation and had fundamental implications for teachers' work and the role they were expected to play in education. Secondary teachers resisted both reforms, and in doing so they revealed elements of their conservative, pragmatic and defensive collective identity, which changed in only one significant respect in the time period considered in this study. It took twenty years before the central tenets of the Thomas Report were even close to being universally accepted. Even then, the child-centred philosophy and practice propounded by the Thomas Report, supported by the Currie Report in 1962 and supervised by the gentle discipline of the Department of Education, was likely to have been more honoured in the breach than in the observance by many New Zealand secondary school teachers. In more recent times, the 'neo-liberal', market-driven view of education and teachers, as expressed in the reforms which followed the Picot Report, were stoutly resisted despite the much more rigorous disciplinary techniques employed by the Ministry of Education. This thesis will show that the dominant discourses which constituted the secondary teacher were those of the collective identity of secondary teachers and that these effectively frustrated attempts to impose change on New Zealand secondary teachers and on secondary education.

No description available.

<p>Under 1960- och 1970-talen utvecklas svensk socialpolitik starkt och sysselsättningsgraden stiger markant. Allt fler kvinnor börjar lönearbeta och hemmafrubegreppet luckras upp och försvinner mer eller mindre på ett decennium. Begreppet jämställdhet etableras i den politiska debatten och introduceras även för första gången i läroplan för grundskolan 1969.</p><p>Den här samhällsutvecklingen märks mycket tydligt i läromedlen för mellanstadiet och på bara drygt tio år sker en enorm förändring. Från att vara starkt präglade av hemmafruidealet samt tydligt normativa vad gäller särskiljandet på pojkars och flickors egenskaper och intressen, till att mer eller mindre vara helt könsneutrala vad gäller de arbeten, utbildningar och fritidsintressen som illustreras och beskrivs i läroböckerna.</p><p>Ändå visar det sig att utvecklingen i läroböckerna är något släpande i förhållande till den samhällspolitiska utvecklingen i stort. Detta kan bero på att läromedel ofta har en lång produktionstid och således tenderar att hålla fast vid gamla normer och fördomar längre än vad den samtida samhällsdebatten anger.</p>

<p>The purpose of this essay is to try and bring clarity to the question, what is Chick Lit and which factors make it so popular. My thesis  endeavors to explain that it is not only the promise of light entertainment that draws the reader, but also the possibility that in an easy way they can read about existential questions such as self-development  and life -choices.</p><p>As well as mapping out Chick Lit´s specific characteristics, followed by previous research on the subject and the litterateur’s history, I have found it interesting to discuss the female characters, their personalities and life choice’s against a backdrop of existentialistic philosophy.</p><p>In my research of this form of literateur I have discovered that chick lit often deals with existential universal problems, and that in order to be entertaining these books must contain a serious element.</p>

<p>The aim of this thesis is to analyse and problematize the concept of culture and its changes during the 1960s. By examining articles out of the periodical Ord&Bild 1962-1972, I show how an aesthetically marked concept, closely related to the concept of art, changes into an anthropological perspective where attention is drawn to the social, economical, political and ideological aspects. This change is viewed in relation to the works of three prominent cultural theorists from the 1960s: Raymond Williams, Marshall McLuhan and Herbert Marcuse.</p><p>The change that the concept of culture undergoes can be illuminated in several ways. Epistemologically questions of art, its objectivity and relation to reality, are replaced by questions of the function of art and of its role as reproducing ideas and norms of a bourgeois society. Economical and social aspects are used as critical factors in discussing the role and conception of culture, a perspective that gives the discussion a political and ideological edge. Another related track of change is that attention is brought to the relationship between culture as norms and values and culture as art, also known as “high culture”. This means that the idea of an universal culture is criticized for its excluding tendencies. By the end of the decade, the concept of culture has lost its universal meaning and is, among other things, used to endorse and emphasize a specific identity. Culture is key concept in a critical discussion about society and is also seen as a way of changing this society. Culture can then be viewed as a “concept of struggle”.</p><p>The change that the concept of culture goes through is related to changes in the society as a whole, as well as to underlying ideas and visions about the society. The change must not be understood as a consequence of the political escalation during the 1960s, but is to be seen as a development parallel to this radicalization of society.</p>

<p>This essay is called In the head of Garibaldi – a study about the portrayal of Garibaldi in biographies and focuses on the literary portrayal of Garibaldi in biographies published in the early 20th century and the early 21st century. The purpose of the essay is to describe the possible changes in the way of portraying Garibaldi in biographies and compare the portraying to the portrayal of Garibaldi that Garibaldi himself gives in the American translation of his memoirs, which were published in New York 1859.I have in this study used a constructivist approach with focus on the attributes, ideals and roles of Garibaldi. Research and thoughts from a wide field of science has been used, for example the works on nationalism by Elie Kedourie and Ernest Gellner. The thoughts on biographies as a scientific genre as described in the anthologies Att skriva människan (Ambjörnsson, Ringby & Åkerman red.) and Med livet som insats (Rosengren & Östling red.) has also been of the utmost importance of the study.The results of the study shows that there has been changes in the way of portraying Garibaldi in biographies, as showed in the more unbiased portrayals in the newer biographies. A larger focus on criticism of the sources is also apparent in the newer biographies. In a comparison between the biographies and Garibaldi‟s memoirs it stands clear that the memoirs and the biographies portrays and depicts the myth of Garibaldi, with more or less focus on fiction.</p>

<p>This essay describes how the author gradually gets a deeper understanding for his profession and the development of his professional skills, attitude and practice. </p><p>The essay contains two main narratives representing examples from the author´s occupational practice, and through those narratives he tells how his practice alters and develops. These stories are also the basis for considering different aspects on how to get good models for practising a profession when you are a beginner, and how to manage ethical dilemmas. </p><p>The starting point is when the author in the beginning of his career as a rural pastor is visiting a seriously ill parishioner at a province hospital. The course and the outcome of this call is surprising the young pastor, and the author tries to analyze the background to the outcome and assesses several possible explanations for the result of his call. </p><p>The narrative is used to examine the attitude, the professional skills and the social and existential context for the author at that time. The patriarchal patterns in the parish are illuminated and questioned. </p><p>In the second part of the essay the author investigates what will happen when pastoral cure transforms to psychotherapy, and how the author deals with phenomena in the therapeutical process such as idealization and secondary traumatization. </p><p>On basis of texts written by among others Ingela Josefson, Fredrik Svenaeus, Christian Nilsson and Ulla Ekström von Essen the author seeks explanation for the development of his practical knowledge. With references to philosofers as Plato, Aristotle, H.G. Gadamer, Hannah Arendt, Dreyfus&Dreyfus among others he discusses how the theory of practical knowledge can be used in describing the development of professional skill and professional ethics in a person being both curate and psychotherapist.</p><p> </p>

This essay describes how the author gradually gets a deeper understanding for his profession and the development of his professional skills, attitude and practice.  The essay contains two main narratives representing examples from the author´s occupational practice, and through those narratives he tells how his practice alters and develops. These stories are also the basis for considering different aspects on how to get good models for practising a profession when you are a beginner, and how to manage ethical dilemmas.  The starting point is when the author in the beginning of his career as a rural pastor is visiting a seriously ill parishioner at a province hospital. The course and the outcome of this call is surprising the young pastor, and the author tries to analyze the background to the outcome and assesses several possible explanations for the result of his call.  The narrative is used to examine the attitude, the professional skills and the social and existential context for the author at that time. The patriarchal patterns in the parish are illuminated and questioned.  In the second part of the essay the author investigates what will happen when pastoral cure transforms to psychotherapy, and how the author deals with phenomena in the therapeutical process such as idealization and secondary traumatization.  On basis of texts written by among others Ingela Josefson, Fredrik Svenaeus, Christian Nilsson and Ulla Ekström von Essen the author seeks explanation for the development of his practical knowledge. With references to philosofers as Plato, Aristotle, H.G. Gadamer, Hannah Arendt, Dreyfus&amp;Dreyfus among others he discusses how the theory of practical knowledge can be used in describing the development of professional skill and professional ethics in a person being both curate and psychotherapist.

Under 1960- och 1970-talen utvecklas svensk socialpolitik starkt och sysselsättningsgraden stiger markant. Allt fler kvinnor börjar lönearbeta och hemmafrubegreppet luckras upp och försvinner mer eller mindre på ett decennium. Begreppet jämställdhet etableras i den politiska debatten och introduceras även för första gången i läroplan för grundskolan 1969. Den här samhällsutvecklingen märks mycket tydligt i läromedlen för mellanstadiet och på bara drygt tio år sker en enorm förändring. Från att vara starkt präglade av hemmafruidealet samt tydligt normativa vad gäller särskiljandet på pojkars och flickors egenskaper och intressen, till att mer eller mindre vara helt könsneutrala vad gäller de arbeten, utbildningar och fritidsintressen som illustreras och beskrivs i läroböckerna. Ändå visar det sig att utvecklingen i läroböckerna är något släpande i förhållande till den samhällspolitiska utvecklingen i stort. Detta kan bero på att läromedel ofta har en lång produktionstid och således tenderar att hålla fast vid gamla normer och fördomar längre än vad den samtida samhällsdebatten anger.

Literature and music as an expression of art have some parts in common, others can quite differ. Both are using a language, and both can exist in written representations. You can find such written or printed items in library catalogues. The aim of this two years master's thesis is to examine how cataloguing of printed fiction-literature and printed music looks like, what differences you can find in cataloguing of printed literature and printed music. This study is based on a comparative methodology and two different theories are used. The first describes the common tasks for library catalogues as they are known traditionally and recently (as FRBR-conceptual model), the other is a comparison of the two art-species literature (fiction) and music. This paper's first part is a comparison of how printed literature and printed music are catalogued in the Swedish national catalogue LIBRIS. This comparison first looked at the Swedish cataloguing rules in KRS (Katalogiseringsregler för svenska bibliotek) and exemplified with a selection of the printed fictional works of one author and the printed music of one composer for comparison. In a second step the FRBR-conceptual model was examined for differences in the basic requirements for national bibliographic records either for printed fiction-literature or for printed music, and how much of these basic requirements are represented in the data of the LIBRIS-catalogue. For both parts it was possible to show, that the differences in cataloguing of printed literature and printed music exist, but only on a more or less detailed level. The tasks for a catalogue are for both literature and music the same: to find a work, to show what a library has and to assist in the choice of a work. But the bibliographic data for printed music materials are much more detailed than those for printed fiction-literature because of differences in the nature of literature and music. I think an implementation of the FRBR conceptual model would improve the information-possibilities of library catalogues. Mostly the fifth FRBR-task to relate would give more valuable information to a catalogue, especially for literary (fiction) and musical products that usually exist in many different expressions.