Abstract Honor-related violence and oppression is a major problem in our society. Many individuals live in fear and don't dare to seek help from public authorities. The most targeted group of individuals are young girls and women. Most often, the perpetrators are the men in the family and relatives, but the women can also be the perpetrators. Many lives are taken because of collective norms in honor groups and many suffer in silence.The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge about the practices of the honor culture and the consequences with a particular focus on honor-related violence and oppression within close relationships. The study contains experiences of individuals who live in collective groups with honor norms. Previous studies on honor-related violence and oppression show that it has been difficult to map how many individuals are victims of this kind of crime. The chosen theories in this study are: stigma, individualism and collectivism and gender.These will be a tool to gain a deeper understanding of different kinds of honor norms and how they affect the victims.The collected material in this study consists of semi-structured interviews which were then analyzed with the help of the chosen theories and previous research. The results and the analysis show that honor norms express themselves differently depending on the gender and what kind of society you are in. It also shows that there is a lack of competence on honor-related violence and oppression. The respondents in the interviews demonstrate that standards of honor exist and that it must be talked about more in our society.

Denna studie fokuserar huvudsakligen på socialtjänstens arbete med att säkerställa unga flickors frihet och rättigheter något som varje individ har i Sverige. Syftet med studien är att belysa ramverket inom socialtjänstens arbete med hedersrelaterat våld (HRV) och hur detta påverkar socialarbetare i deras interaktion med unga flickor som lever i en hederskontext. Vidare ämnar studien att definiera HRV och dess kännetecken samt undersöka de aktuella insatser som tillhandahålls för flickor som befinner sig i en situation med HRV. Metoden för studien involverar användning av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer för att närma sig studiens syfte och frågeställningar.  Genom tillämpning av genusteori, systemteori och tidigare forskning presenterar studiens resultat flera slutsatser. Med hjälp av tematisk analys har resultaten kunnat analysera den empiriska delen av studien. Resultaten visar att socialarbetare delar en gemensam definition av begreppet HRV och dess tillämpning inom det praktiska arbetet. Vidare indikerar resultaten på bristande generella riktlinjer inom den organisatoriska verksamheten. Slutligen framgår det från denna studie att det kvarstår flertalet utmaningar inom området av HRV. För att adressera denna kunskapslucka krävs ytterligare forskning och etablerad kunskap som kan möjliggöra omstrukturering av de allmänna riktlinjerna för hantering av HRV.

As terrorism continues to evolve, can we better understand when a terrorist group will utilize mass violence as opposed to targeted violence? Jeff Goodwin argues that by understanding societal factors, we can predict when a terrorist organization will choose selective or categorical terrorism. But, can we rely on these societal factors alone or can other factors allow for a more complex understanding? After testing each of the variables and additional factors against three case studies, it became apparent that Goodwin’s theory could be utilized to better understand when a terrorist organization will utilize selective versus categorical terrorism. Additionally, the presence or absence of a culture of honor may also predict the type of violence a terrorist organization will utilize. I propose that future research examine the relationship between target and violence type and a culture of honor.

Mina is a young girl in a rural village called Tobay in Pakistan when her only friend Dhaaga, a family servant around her age, suddenly leaves. After a betrayal by her father’s second, much younger wife, Mina starts her long journey. She becomes a prostitute in Heera Mandi, the famed red light district of Lahore, and unexpectedly finds friends in a nearby transvestite brothel. Mina suddenly ends up with her life in danger when she tries to take revenge on the man who ruined Dhaaga’s life. She gets help from a human rights lawyer and escapes to safety in America with a New Orleans cabbie, who she met during her Heera Mandi days. She is eventually forced to come back to Pakistan and finally returns to her home in Tobay, where she finds that everything has changed as much as she has. The novel is set in 1980s Pakistan, when the country faced increasing religious pressure from its military government, and girls like Mina got caught up in stricter standards of honor. It is a coming-of-age novel that takes the protagonist around the world before she is able to finally face her djinns and demons.

Memoria de prueba para optar al grado de Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales de la Universidad de Chile / La presente memoria tiene por objeto dilucidar las principales implicancias que presenta el conflicto entre el denominado derecho a la privacidad y a la honra - tal como se halla regulado en nuestra constitución - y el derecho a la libertad de expresión, bajo el entendido de que ambos en su consideración de derechos fundamentales, consagrados en la Carta Fundamental, son inherentes a un Estado de Derecho y esenciales en un sistema democrático. El primer capítulo se destinará a conceptuar los derechos a la privacidad y a la honra, con el uso de terminologías legales, jurisprudenciales y doctrinarias. En el segundo capítulo, y bajo los mismos términos, se intentará definir el derecho a la libertad de expresión. Pasando al tercer capítulo para analizar la prédica de tales derechos respecto de las personas jurídicas, con especial énfasis en el ámbito de la privacidad; toda vez las mayores dificultades respecto a su titularidad para tales entidades. El capítulo cuarto referirá la colisión entre los derechos a la libertad de opinión y los de honra y privacidad proponiendo principios de solución; y el capítulo Derecho a la privacidad y a la honra vs. Derecho a la libertad de expresión. 10 quinto se destinará al análisis de jurisprudencia paradigmática en la materia, entendiendo qué postura se ha asumido en distintas situaciones, cuando se presenta el conflicto objeto de este estudio. Por último, y a modo de conclusión, se postulará bajo una mirada crítica las falencias que presentan la actual regulación, enfatizando qué puntos son de mayor carencia argumentativa.

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La presente investigación obedece a dos baremos a saber: primero, de articular un planteamiento dogmático acorde con el principio de legalidad material; y segundo, tal vez lo más importante, de proporcionar dicha proposición dogmática a los operadores de justicia, a efectos de que puedan resolver los casos que llegan a su conocimiento, con corrección y justicia. Sin duda, hoy en día debe procurase que la ciencia jurídico-penal pueda contribuir a la administración de justicia penal, en orden a garantizar la seguridad jurídica, y a fortalecer el principio de igualdad constitucional, paradigma fundamental del Estado de Derecho. De tal manera que la postulación teórica que se pretende plantear en la presente monografía, rebasa un ámbito meramente científico, para adentrarse en el derecho aplicativo, con el propósito de cautelar la eficacia finalista del Derecho penal en el marco de un Estado Social y Democrático de Derecho. Si bien la presente monografía parte de una proposición dogmática, su finalidad esencial es contribuir en un estado fáctico, en cuanto a su aplicación por parte de los Tribunales de Justicia en nuestro país; por lo que la aspiración adquiere un ámbito de legitimación social, la verdadera pacificación de la conflictividad social producida por el delito. / Tesis

Men from a culture of honor often use physical aggression in response to threats as a way of restoring lost honor. Threats can range from being called an offensive name to someone flirting with their romantic partner. On the other hand, women from a culture of honor are expected to be submissive and avoid situations that can result in harm to their reputation. However, a recent meta-analytic review of the literature suggests that women do not always avoid situations that can harm their reputation. Rather, women in a culture of honor also use physical aggression in response to threats. In this study, I tested when and why men and women from a culture of honor use aggression in response to an honor threat. Participants (N = 1,043) responded to hypothetical scenarios that included threats to a person’s honor. Overall, men and women from a culture of honor used more aggression following a threat to their honor compared to people not from a culture of honor. People from a culture of honor also felt as though their reputation was hurt more by an honor threat than those, not from a culture of honor. The more participants felt their reputation was hurt, the more aggression they used against their attacker.

This thesis analyses and interprets the famous Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf with regard to two main topics of the medieval epic poetry: the topics of courage and death. Theoretical background contains a description of medieval epic poetry and its functions. Furthermore, the introduction contains a description of English medieval epic poetry in historical and religious context (perception of death and afterlife with regard to the mixture of paganism and Christianity, meaning of heroism and heroic virtues - loyalty, pride, honour, persistency, determination, suppression of fear, willingness to help, sacrifice). Another chapter focuses on the creation of Beowulf itself and on the content and the form. The analysis draws on the Czech translation by J. Čermák. It focuses on the hero of the poem and it tries to find particular examples of the above mentioned virtues in three important passages of the poem (the fights with Grendel, with his mother and with the dragon). Another section deals with the image of death (the topics of burial, fateful disasters connected with monsters, fights), the question of afterlife, and with the function of the cyclic structure of epic poems (the never ending cycle of life and death) The thesis also tries to interpret the literary influence of the poem and its topicality.

Climate change is the first anthropogenic alteration of a global Earth system. It is globally catastrophic in terms of food production, sea level rise, fresh water availability, temperature elevation, ocean acidification, species disturbance and destruction to name just a few crisis concerns. In addition, while those changes are occurring now, they are amplifying over decadal periods and will last for centuries and possibly millennia. While there are a number of pollutants involved, carbon dioxide (CO2) which results from the combustion of any fossil fuel is the primary pollutant. It has not been considered a pollutant until recently because of its natural dissociation into oxygen and carbon compounds like wood. However, because of its molecular durability and ability to acidify water, it has become the primary pollutant as a result of the exponential increase in fossil fuel use for the production of energy by Earth’s population that has doubled over the last six decades. That increase has exceeded Earth’s ability to handle humanity’s waste CO2. Obviously, the involved changes detrimentally affect all life on Earth. Because of the evolving nature of the changes, climate change is presently denied primarily in the United States because of the costs of eliminating our carbon addiction. Because no similar global natural or anthropogenic situation has previously occurred during the lifetime of Homo sapiens, our extant ethical theories are incapable of confronting the crisis. Consequently, new ethical paradigms are necessary. This dissertation attempts to provide thoughts about the use of Aristotelian ethical theory, the aidōs feeling, Aquinian psychology and a possible new virtue of proper primility in an effort to further nurture the growth of the new climate change ethics.