This thesis deals with the life and mission of Mother Teresa. Her approach to people and especially the poor was motivated by love for Christ. She saw Christ in the suffering and dying people. She wanted people to not die alone and therefore founded the Missionaries of Charity order, which in a short time spread throughout the world. Thus, the idea gradually became known in the Church and in the world. Mother Teresa was rewarded and hosted by the powerful of this world, but always returned with love to her poor ones. Besides charity work she was also an ardent advocate of life and peace. Her message is still alive today, and her life, even though it was very plain, permanently left its mark on Christianity. The aim of this work is to present the main theological and anthropological approaches of Mother Teresa based on available texts, and to indicate the impact of this saint on contemporary Christianity.

Human Rights of Persons with Disabilities The thesis deals with the current development of human rights of persons with disabilities from the perspective of constitutional law. The work first maps the historical changes of the legal status of persons with disabilities - from antiquity to the tragic experience of denying human dignity in the first half of the 20th century. Furthermore, the thesis shows the development of the human rights of persons with disabilities in the second half of the 20th century. A key driver of this process is the value of human dignity, which, following the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, has become the main starting point for the protection of human rights (not only) persons with disabilities. The changes in the concept of human rights of people with disabilities are related to the shift from the medical to the social concept of disability, on the basis of which the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) was adopted in 2006. This convention embodies a new approach to human rights of persons with disabilities, who should no longer be subject only to charity and social security regulations, but above all they should be recognized as they are - as an equal legal subjects and full members of the society. The Czech Republic is a...

Orientador: Patrícia Borba Marchetto / Resumo: A partir da imposição de uma ordem discursiva heteronormativa heterossexual compulsória, que situa aqueles que não se classificam na bipolaridade (homem/mulher) à margem da própria sociedade é que a abordagem de gênero merece destaque. A transexualidade pode ser caracterizada pela condição do indivíduo que não se identifica psíquica e socialmente com o sexo que lhe fora atribuído na certidão de nascimento, essa condição determina ao indivíduo um excessivo desconforto e uma sensação de inadequação social, de não pertencer ao contexto no qual é inserido. Nesse sentido o presente trabalho analisa a partir do referencial teórico de Alexy por meio de uma dogmática em três diferentes níveis (analítico, empírico e normativo), as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas pessoas transexuais em virtude das omissões legais e estatais, tendo em vista que apesar da garantia dos direitos fundamentais na Constituição Federal, especialmente da dignidade humana, isso não tem se demonstrado eficaz na tutela dos direitos dos indivíduos transexuais. Nesse sentido, na esfera do Poder Legislativo inúmeros foram os projetos de lei para tentar regulamentar a identidade de gênero, no entanto, nenhum foi aprovado, mantendo-se assim a inexistência de uma lei de identidade de gênero no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, o que acaba contribuindo ainda mais para a marginalização da pessoa transexual, na medida em que a mantém invisível perante as instituições de direito de seu País. No âmbito do Poder Executivo ocorr... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: From the imposition of a compulsory heterosexual heteronormative discursive order, which places those who do not classify themselves in bipolarity (male/female) on the fringes of society, the gender approach deservesattention. Transsexuality can be characterizedby the condition of the individual who does not psychically and socially identify with the sex assigned to him on the birth certificate. This condition causes the individual excessive discomfort and a sense of social inadequacy, not belonging to the context in which is inserted. In this sense the present work analyzes from the theoretical reference of Alexy through a dogmatic in three different levels (analytical, empirical and normative), the difficulties faced by the transsexual people due to the legal and state omissions, considering that despite the guarantee of fundamental rights in the Federal Constitution, especially human dignity, this has not been effective in safe guarding the rights of transgender individuals. In this sense, in the sphere of the Legislative Power there were numerous bills to try to regulate gender identity, however, none were approved, thus maintaining the absence of a gender identity law in the Brazilian legal system, which ends up further contributing to the marginalization of the transgender person, as it keeps them invisible to the institutions of law in their country. Within the scope of the Government, the institute of the social name was created, which recognizes gender identity, but ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / There is a dearth of literature about post-secondary transition experiences of Black women with dis/abilities (BWD). In this qualitative study, I explore transition experiences of five post-secondary BWD from high school to college in order to privilege her chronicles and narratives as knowledge. In addition, two urban public high school transition coordinators (TC) participated in the study. Three inquiries guided my dissertation: (1) features of educational experiences narrated by BWD, (2) features of transition services provided to students with dis/abilities, including roles of and approaches as described by the TCs, and (3) how BWD narratives may be leveraged to critique and extend transition services as the TCs described them. I engaged in three semi-structured interviews with six of the seven participants (one interview with the seventh). I drew from Disability Studies/Disability Studies in Education (DSE), Critical Race Theory, and Womanist/Black Feminist Theory and their shared tenets of voice and counternarratives and concepts of social construction and falsification of consciousness to analyze the narratives of BWD participants. I drew from the DS/DSE tenet of interlocking systems of oppression, DisCrit tenet three, race and ability, and constructs of Inputs and Outcomes in work on Modeling Transition Education to analyze the TCs’ narratives and in connection to the narratives of the BWD. Across both sets of participants, three themes in the form of Truths emerged; they were terrible and sticky experiences of racial/dis/ability oppression for the BWDs and, imposing of whiteness and normalization within the transition education practices described by the TCs. For the BWD, those terrible and sticky truths took three forms: (a) Pathologization; (b) Disablement; and (c) Exclusion. Another type of truth in the BWD’s narratives, however, was Subverted Truths: (re)defined identities and radical love, (re)placed competence and knowledge, and (revalued sisterhood and community, the ways of pushing back and resisting the Truths and their effects. I discuss implications for BWD post-secondary transition-planning-and-programming theory, research, policy, practice, praxis, and spirituality.

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Section 234 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, states that in order to deepen the culture of democracy established by the Constitution, Parliament may adopt Charters of Rights consistent with the provisions of the Constitution. In accordance with its obligations caused by ratifying various international instruments, the government adopted the Service Charter for Victims of Crime in South Africa in 2007. The Service Charter entrenches seven specific rights to a victim of a crime, which also includes the child as a victim. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the question whether the rights of child victims to be treated with fairness and with respect for dignity and privacy, to offer information and to receive information are satisfactorily protected within the South African legal framework in light of the requirements of the Constitution and the international legal framework. As point of departure, the background and legal nature of the Service Charter will be investigated briefly. The background of the relevant international and regional instruments are also discussed. This is followed by an analysis and an explanation of the theoretical foundations of the right to be treated with fairness and with respect for dignity and privacy, from an international, regional and a South African perspective. Attention is particularly drawn to the way the courts have interpreted the right to be treated with fairness and with respect for dignity and privacy. What the right entails within the Victim’s Charter is also investigated. This is followed by an analysis and an explanation of the theoretical foundations of the right to offer information and to receive information, from an international, regional and a South African perspective. What the right entails within the Victim’s Charter is also investigated. Finally, a conclusion is reached. / LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Section 234 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, states that in order to deepen the culture of democracy established by the Constitution, Parliament may adopt Charters of Rights consistent with the provisions of the Constitution. In accordance with its obligations caused by ratifying various international instruments, the government adopted the Service Charter for Victims of Crime in South Africa in 2007. The Service Charter entrenches seven specific rights to a victim of a crime, which also includes the child as a victim. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the question whether the rights of child victims to be treated with fairness and with respect for dignity and privacy, to offer information and to receive information are satisfactorily protected within the South African legal framework in light of the requirements of the Constitution and the international legal framework. As point of departure, the background and legal nature of the Service Charter will be investigated briefly. The background of the relevant international and regional instruments are also discussed. This is followed by an analysis and an explanation of the theoretical foundations of the right to be treated with fairness and with respect for dignity and privacy, from an international, regional and a South African perspective. Attention is particularly drawn to the way the courts have interpreted the right to be treated with fairness and with respect for dignity and privacy. What the right entails within the Victim’s Charter is also investigated. This is followed by an analysis and an explanation of the theoretical foundations of the right to offer information and to receive information, from an international, regional and a South African perspective. What the right entails within the Victim’s Charter is also investigated. Finally, a conclusion is reached. / LLM (Comparative Child Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

The Rainbow Nation is a critical analysis of the notions of community in the thinking of Desmond Tutu. An attempt is being made in this study to demonstrate that the ideal of the Rainbow Nation –an inclusive human community- is a defining motif in Tutu's theological and biblical hermeneutical work. The main discussion in the research project begins by raising a fundamental question which serves as the basis for an analytical construct to examine Tutu's understanding and view of community. The second part of this study focuses on Tutu's early life experiences of community within the South African context. Tutu's writings, sermons, public addresses and statements are systematically and chronologically arranged and presented. This study concludes that Tutu's theology against the apartheid system and his vision for new South Africa, the Rainbow Nation- an inclusive South African Community- rests on triadic doctrines: The Imago Dei, creation of man in the image of God, The Delicate Networks of Interdependence (African Spirit of Ubuntu) and Ecclesiology, which represents the kingdom of God on earth. It is no wonder that out of an oppressive condition Tutu sought a universal vision of inclusive humanity which transcends the barriers of race, class, tribe, ethnicity, religion and other forms of sectarianism. The fundamental problem addressed here, is the notions of community. Its importance and relevance lies in its examination of his approach to the logical development understanding, and realisation of the ideal of the Rainbow Nation. A serious contention in this study is that a critical analysis of the problem in Tutu's thinking can yield insight into the conception, character and realisation of a more inclusive, loving and caring human community. However the author of this study is aware of the fact that one cannot possibly exhaust all the salient aspects of the rainbow nation as a model of an inclusive human community. What this study is attempting to provide here is the insight into the thinking of Desmond Tutu that makes contribution to the discussion of the realisation of the beloved human community. The model of human inclusive community proposed here is functional not contemplative theoretical. Human inclusive community has always been a dynamic force and has social implications which cannot all be covered by this study. / Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)

The accumulated importance of the patent law morality exclusion over the recent decades has been prompted by the increased protection sought for biotechnological inventions. This raises specific ethical concerns such as the respect for human dignity. The morality exclusion is regarded as an indispensable safeguard in the patent system of the 21st century, but its application and scope remains unclear, not least due to a division of competence between the European Union (EU), the European Patent Organisation and national Member States. In addition, the international Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) sets minimum standards for the operation of the morality exclusion. In this study the scope, interpretation and application of the morality exclusion in European and international patent law is described and analysed by applying the legal dogmatic method. The object of study is the European patent law morality exclusion in terms of Article 53(a) and Rule 28 of the European Patent Convention and Article 6 of Directive 98/44/EC on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions. A connected purpose of this study is to describe, problematize and analyse the compliance by the regional rules (EU, European Patent Organisation) with the international framework provided by Article 27.2 of the TRIPS Agreement. Although this study is not limited to specific technologies, the majority of issues raised are done so in relation to the morality exclusion concerning biotechnological inventions, which is reflected in this work. Furthermore, the theoretical framework is dependent on the functioning of the morality exclusion in the respective systems, both regional (EU, European Patent Organisation) and international (WTO). This approach necessitates a consideration of the characteristics of each legal system. This thesis uncovers the differences in the interpretation of the morality exclusion (both within as well as between the legal systems), which causes legal uncertainty in this particularly complex field where patent law and ethics interact. The effects of such variations on the scope and application of the morality exclusion are clarified and critically reviewed. According to the wording of the morality exclusion, the commercial exploitation of an invention with regard to morality or ordre public is a central prerequisite in the assessment of excluded subject matter. Consequently, the interpretation of this particular requirement is subject to critical review, since its implications are decisive for the scope of application of the morality exclusion. It is furthermore questioned whether the European morality exclusions are TRIPS-compliant, and the possible effects (and available remedies) of non-compliance for the EU legal order are analysed. This in turn involves issues of norm conflicts in international and EU law. The author presents a critical analysis, investigates the interaction between legal systems and suggests clarifications in order to attain the optimal functioning of the morality exclusion.

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître en droit (LL.M.)" / Le présent mémoire soulève divers questionnements face au traitement singulier qu'a reçu l'âge en tant que motif prohibé de discrimination, sous la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne du Québec et la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés. Ainsi, nous verrons que même si la discrimination fondée sur l'âge n'est pas à strictement parler « autorisée », elle est néanmoins souvent jugée acceptable. Tout d'abord, nous procéderons à une revue générale et synthétique des notions de discrimination et de droit à l'égalité, telles qu'elles sont prévues par les articles 10 de la Charte québécoise et 15 de la Charte canadienne. Ensuite, nous évoquerons un certain nombre de limites législatives qui ont été apportées à ces droits et qui peuvent constituer des obstacles importants dans la lutte effective contre la discrimination fondée sur l'âge. Enfin, nous nous permettrons de faire quelques réflexions critiques, afin de souligner comment la perspective particulière qu'ont adoptée les juges dans l'étude des questions relatives à la discrimination fondée sur l'âge a pu introduire un certain nombre d'incohérences au sein de la logique plus générale qui se dégage de l'ensemble de la jurisprudence portant sur le droit à l'égalité. / The present Master's Thesis raises questions regarding the singular treatment to which "age" has been subjected as a prohibited ground of discrimination, under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom and the Quebec Charter of Rights and Freedoms. We will see that even though age discrimination is not strictly "authorised", it is nonetheless often held to be acceptable. First, we will synoptically review the concepts of discrimination and equality which emanate from section 10 of the Quebec Charter and section 15 of the Canadian Charter. Then, we will identify a certain number of legislative limits which affect these rights, and may constitute significant obstacles in the effective fight against age discrimination. Finally, we will allow ourselves to advance sorne critical thoughts, highlighting how the peculiar perspective thatjudges have taken in age discrimination matters has introduced non sequiturs in the overall logic that can be drawn from the more general equality jurisprudence.