1 Rightlist extremism and radicalism in the Czech Republic constitutional law aspects Keywords Rightlist extremism, radicalism, constitutional law, human dignity, democracy, neonazists Abstract The subject of this thesis is description of activities of selected Czechoslovak and Czech political parties and movements with elements of right-wing extremism since the establishment of Czechoslovakia until 1945 and from 1989 to the present. More over I analyze the possibility of intrusion of democratic stability by activities of these subjects and examine legal instruments held by the society, to defend democracy. Reading my work, the reader should have complete view on this issue and clear comparison of right-wing extremism and its consequences in the past and present. Source of my work is the constitutional order of the Czech Republic, in particular the Czech Constitution and the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, laws and jurisprudence. A valuable source was also historical and legal literature, manuals and guidelines of the public administration. Describing of some right-wing extremist entities, I have used their own publishing activities, primarily Internet resources. The work is divided into two parts, of which the first mainly deals with the history of right-wing extremism in Czechoslovakia and the...

O presente trabalho sustenta que as pessoas jurídicas de direito público são titulares de direitos da personalidade, inclusive a honra subjetiva, naqueles aspectos ou manifestações concretas compatíveis com o modo transindividual com que representam o ser humano. / This study sustains that legal entities of public law are entitled to personality rights, including subjective honor, in those aspects or concrete manifestations that are compatible with the transindividual manner by which they represent natural persons.

This thesis aims to examine which views of the human being that are manifested in the Swedish and Dutch legislation on prostitution. The theoretical framework consists of the humanist, the christian and the naturalistic views of the human being in combination with the concepts of autonomy and human dignity. The question is which views of the human being are manifested in the Swedish and Dutch legislation on prostitution? According to this thesis all three views of the human being can be traced in the legislations. The humanist view of the human being is most clearly manifested, in both the Swedish and Dutch legislation on prostitution, however their views are from different angles. Whereas the view of the Swedish legislation is that the autonomy and human dignity of the seller is violated in prostitution, the Dutch legislation on the other hand sees autonomy as the seller’s right to choose prostitution. In Dutch legislation both seller and buyer are seen as autonomous beings with ability to reason, and prostitution is seen as a trade transaction. In Swedish legislation the seller is seen as vulnerable and exposed and the buyer is seen as a criminal, and both seller and buyer are in need of change and help, in different ways.

In 2016 a new temporary asylum law was introduced in Sweden which limited the chance of being granted asylum. This law was most hard hitting on unaccompanied young people who no longer received fair asylum processes. The government changed part of the temporary law in 2018, and this amendment is referred to as the Upper Secondary School Act. The purpose of this change was to allow certain groups of unaccompanied young people the chance to gain asylum by granting them a residence permit to study in Sweden.   The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether the Upper Secondary School Act provides unaccompanied young people enough human dignity and respect. To do this, elements of two immigration laws are examined to see how the differences between the laws affects unaccompanied young people in the asylum process and in order to gain an understanding of why the new high school law was introduced into legislation. This thesis also conducts a qualitative study to find out what effects the law have had on unaccompanied young people. The Upper Secondary School Act is then reviewed from an ethical and critical standpoint, where the thesis's theoretical approach is based on the thoughts of Jürgen Habermas, Seyla Benhabib and Elena Namli.   The study shows that the Upper Secondary School Act has been criticized from many different directions, and points out that the law is inadequate and lacking a humane perspective. This study also concludes that the law has led to negative consequences for unaccompanied young people because they are not provided with the right conditions for a good life in Sweden. This has led to them being neglected. In order to change this the law must respect human dignity and express an equal respect for all people. This will then counteract repressive structures that prevent the possibility of integration, which the Upper Secondary School Act does not achieve. The main problem with the present law is that there is not enough respect for unaccompanied young peoples’ human dignity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:46:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUIZ ANTONIO DA SILVA JUNIOR.pdf: 786795 bytes, checksum: 09c85f0fd7f3f197f266690c049c0eae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-06 / The purpose of the thesis was to analyze the effectiveness of the application of Law No. 9.455, of April 7, 1997 (Act Against Torture), in the state of Goiás We sought to analyze their application through study of twenty-five cases reported by the pastoral prison of Goiás, since the likely establishment of a police investigation, through the manifestation of prosecutors to the decision by the Judiciary. The analysis was done through literature review and field research, the study of cases. Of the twenty-five episodes reported by the Ministry, only three passed the scrutiny of the authorities legally entrusted with finding the facts. Of these, there was only one conviction of public officials, in the first instance. In the other two, was the filing of the police investigation, for lack of the necessary elements of the complaint by offering public prosecutor. It was found that torture is present throughout the history of humanity, as an instrument of evidence, punitive and assertion of power. Despite the constitutional provision that expressly prohibits the use of torture, ratification of key international treaties and the enactment of Law No. 9.455/97, his practice has not been eradicated from our daily lives. One reason lies in the culture of violence, ie, the collective incentive to employ violence as a weapon against violence, yet the rule of law can not permit actions that put themselves above the law. There is a tonic vitiated from the beginning, because there is often no inquisitive establishment of a procedure for the investigation of complaints, discrediting the authorities of human rights protection that perform as well as descaracterizando the victim as a human being when it comes from the system penitentiary. / O propósito da dissertação foi analisar a efetividade da aplicação da Lei nº 9.455, de 7 de abril de 1997 (Lei contra a Tortura), no estado de Goiás. Buscou-se analisar sua aplicação mediante o estudo de 25 casos relatados pela Pastoral Carcerária de Goiás, desde a provável instauração de inquérito policial, passando pela manifestação do Ministério Público até a decisão do poder judiciário. A análise deuse por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, com estudo de casos. Dos 25 episódios relatados pela pastoral, apenas 3 passaram pelo crivo das autoridades legalmente incumbidas da apuração dos fatos, e destes, em apenas um houve condenação dos agentes públicos, em primeira instância. Nos outros dois, houve o arquivamento do inquérito policial, por falta de elementos necessários para o oferecimento da denúncia pelo representante do Ministério Público. Verificou-se que a tortura se faz presente ao longo da história da humanidade, como instrumento probatório, punitivo e de afirmação do poder. Apesar da previsão constitucional que veda expressamente o uso da tortura, da ratificação de importantes tratados internacionais e da edição da Lei n° 9.455/97, sua prática não foi erradicada do cotidiano brasileiro. Um dos motivos reside na cultura da violência, ou seja, no incentivo coletivo de empregar a violência como arma contra a própria violência; todavia, o Estado de Direito não pode permitir ações que se coloquem acima do ordenamento jurídico. Há uma tônica viciada desde a origem, pois, muitas vezes, não há instauração de um procedimento inquisitivo para a investigação das denúncias, desacreditando as entidades de proteção de direitos humanos que as realizam, bem como descaracterizando a vítima como ser humano, se ela é oriunda do sistema penitenciário.

A judicialização dos serviços de saúde é um tema controverso, pois tem grande impacto na gestão pública. O presente trabalho analisa a judicialização da política pública de assistência farmacêutica focando em como duas justificativas diferentes para o direito à saúde interferem na tensão entre os Poderes Executivo e Judiciário. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão bibliográfica e de análise teórica das abordagens do direito à saúde baseadas na dignidade humana e na equidade. A principal hipótese do trabalho é de que a dignidade humana não é a justificativa mais adequada para definir as prestações na área da saúde, pois ela tende a ser tratada como um valor absoluto, o que pode levar a injustiças. Dessa forma, decisões judiciais que nela se baseiam poderiam intervir de forma indevida nas escolhas de outras instituições ao desconsiderarem aspectos relevantes do sistema público de saúde. Além da introdução e da conclusão, o trabalho possui três capítulos. O primeiro deles descreve as principais caraterísticas do sistema de saúde brasileiro – em especial a política pública de assistência farmacêutica – e apresenta o fenômeno da judicialização da política de saúde. O segundo e o terceiro capítulos apresentam e examinam as justificativas da dignidade da pessoa humana e da equidade, respectivamente, e sua utilização para a tomada de decisões sobre quais prestações devem ser incluídas no direito à saúde. O terceiro capítulo analisa ainda possíveis problemas distributivos relacionados à judicialização. A conclusão é que, embora a dignidade da pessoa humana não deva ser totalmente ignorada enquanto parâmetro social, ela não deve ser o critério para a distribuição de bens no âmbito da política pública de saúde, pois desconsidera a necessidade de eliminação de desigualdades injustas e evitáveis, o papel dos determinantes sociais da saúde e a escassez de recursos. Por isso, a equidade deve ser o critério primordial das decisões judiciais sobre assistência farmacêutica. / The judicialization of health services is a controversial topic since it has huge impacts on public management. This study analyses the judicialization of pharmaceutical policy focusing on how two alternative justifications of the right to health interfere on the tension between the executive and the judicial powers. It is a review of the pertinent literature and a theoretic analysis of two approaches to the right to health, the one based on human dignity and the one based on equity. The central hypothesis defended here is that human dignity is not the most adequate justification to define state obligations on health issues, given that it is suitable to be taken as an absolute value, what may lead to injustices. Thus, judicial sentences based on it  may interfere unjustifiably on decisions of other institutions, since they do not take account of some important features of the public health system. Besides the introduction and the concluding remarks, the study has three chapters. The first one describes the main lines of the Brazilian health system, especially  its pharmaceutical policy, and exposes the phenomenon of the judicialization of health policy. The second and third chapters describe and examine the justifications based on dignity and equity, respectively, and their role in deciding which obligations must be included on the right to health. The third chapter also investigates possible distributive problems related to the judicialization of health services. The conclusion is that, although human dignity should not be totally ignored as a social parameter, it also should not be the criterion to distribute goods in the domain of health policy, given that it ignores the need to avoid unnecessary and unfair inequalities, the role of the social determinants of health and the scarcity of resources. Therefore, equity should be the overriding criterion in judicial decision making on pharmaceutical policy.

O presente trabalho sustenta que as pessoas jurídicas de direito público são titulares de direitos da personalidade, inclusive a honra subjetiva, naqueles aspectos ou manifestações concretas compatíveis com o modo transindividual com que representam o ser humano. / This study sustains that legal entities of public law are entitled to personality rights, including subjective honor, in those aspects or concrete manifestations that are compatible with the transindividual manner by which they represent natural persons.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:19:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 22 / Nenhuma / Na sociedade contemporânea, o homem moderno, em sua sede de conhecer e dominar, por meio da ciência e utilizando a razão, empreende métodos que lhe permitem os mais surpreendentes avanços científicos e tecnológicos, como é o caso das pesquisas e terapias com células-tronco embrionárias. A utilização da clonagem terapêutica e de embriões excedentes produzidos através de técnicas de fertilização in vitro faz emergir a problemática do começo da vida humana e as contradições acerca dos riscos e dos benefícios das terapias. Nesse contexto de riscos e incertezas diante dos novos direitos, a bioética se configura num sistema baseado na reflexão crítica e na busca por caminhos eticamente sustentáveis. Na tentativa de reduzir os riscos do uso de células-tronco embrionárias em terapias, a responsabilidade ética e o princípio da dignidade humana constituem fundamentos do pensamento bioético e ponto de partida para a formulação de limites jurídicos que, por sua vez, permeiam as decisões presentes e as possibilidades futu / In the society contemporary, the human being, with all the will to know and control, using the science and the reason, develop methods that permitt amazings scientific and biotecnology advances, as the cases of research and terapies with embryonic stem cells. The using of therapeutical cloning and of excesses embryos produced through tecniques of fertilization in vitro makes the problematic of the human life beginning shows up, as well as contradictions about the risks and benefits of the therapy. Among risks and insures ahead of the new rights, the bioethics configures itself on a system based on the critical reflection and on the search for ways ethicly sustainable. Trying to reduce risks using embryonic stem cells on therapies, the ethic responsability and the human dignity principles build the bedding of the bioethics thoughts and, starting point to formulate the legal limits that, on its turn, permeate the present decisions and the future possibilities

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:38:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 4 / Nenhuma / O presente trabalho analisa as possibilidades de a tributação ser um eficaz meio de densificação do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, mediante a adequação da carga fiscal ao princípio da capacidade contributiva e da materialização dos direitos fundamentais sociais, econômicos e culturais para que, com isso, possam ser exploradas todas suas potencialidades na construção do Estado Democrático de Direito, num cenário em que o poder do Estado vem perdendo paulatinamente sua capacidade de ação, em face da sua denominada crise estrutural. O princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana está tão umbilicalmente ligado ao Estado Democrático de Direito que não se pode sustentar que este exista, sem a consagração formal daquele, uma vez que a dignidade da pessoa humana necessita desse modelo de Estado para restar assegurada, ou intensamente perseguida. Para tanto, faz-se necessário uma ação Estatal efetiva – distanciada da neutralidade apregoada pelo modelo liberal individualista – no sentido de, sobretudo, reduzir as / Current research analyses assessment possibilities about be an efficient way of densifying human being dignity principle, by means of fiscal charge adequacy to contributive capacity to the principle and social, economical and cultural fundamental rights materialization in order that should be explored all its potentialities to the Right Democratically State construction, on a scenery when State has been loosing its action capacity, regarding its denominated structural crisis. Human being dignity principle is so umbilical linked to Right Democratically State in a manner that it is not possible sustain that one exists without a formal consecration of the other while human being dignity needs that State model to remain assured or highly persecuted. By means of, it is necessary an effective State action – distanced of the proclaimed neutrality by individualist liberalist model – in sense of, over all, decrease social and economical inequalities, against the accomplishment of those fundamental rights that suitabil

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-05-08T15:33:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Mittmann.pdf: 887809 bytes, checksum: 84930272d2170c50ba8d348467f47e95 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T15:33:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Mittmann.pdf: 887809 bytes, checksum: 84930272d2170c50ba8d348467f47e95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-16 / Nenhuma / Os recentes avanços da biotecnologia têm causado forte impacto em diferentes áreas do conhecimento, impulsionando a indagação quanto aos limites éticos a serem respeitados, dando origem à Bioética, denominação que se generalizou como compreensiva de todos os fenômenos relacionados às consequências dos referidos avanços, mesmo que verificados em distintos campos. Pois bem, com a revolução tecnocientífica restou possível verificar a existência, durante a gestação, de fetos portadores de anencefalia. O problema é estabelecerse o aborto (antecipação do parto), quando diagnosticado feto anencéfalo, fere ou não a dignidade humana. Na atualidade, destaca-se no Supremo Tribunal Federal a discussão sobre o assunto na Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental 54-8 – proposta pela Confederação Nacional dos Trabalhadores na Saúde – a qual busca consolidar que antecipação terapêutica do parto de feto anencéfalo não é aborto sob o manto da inviabilidade, apontando o fato da gestante sofrer tortura psicológica, além da liberdade pessoal dos profissionais da saúde nesses casos. Não obstante, a pesquisa pretende buscar uma resposta sob o prisma constitucional, à luz da dignidade da pessoa humana. O embasamento teórico será o de obras no ramo da bioética, sobretudo de matriz teórica kantiana, como intuito de aceitar o ser humano como uma realidade moral. Será abordado sob o prisma moral, filosófico e jurídico acerca da dignidade humana, com ênfase nos valores sociais da sociedade contemporânea, mapeando, ainda, sobre o início da vida humana, aquisição dos direitos da personalidade, as fases do desenvolvimento do embrião humano, por fim verificando o direito a vida. / Recent advances in biotechnology have made a strong impact on different areas of knowledge, boosting the inquiry regarding the ethical limits to be respected, giving rise to Bioethics, a designation that was generalized as a comprehensive of all phenomena related to the consequences of these advances, even if observed in different fields. Well, with the techno-scientific revolution it remained possible to verify the existence of carrying embryos anencephaly during pregnancy. The problem is to establish whether abortion (earlier delivery) when diagnosed anencephalic fetus, hurts or not human dignity. Currently, there is the Supreme Court discussion on the subject of the Arguing of 54-8 Violation of Fundamental Precept - proposed by the National Confederation of Workers in Health - whichseeks to consolidate the therapeutic delivery anticipation of anencephalic fetus is not abortion under the cloak of unfeasibility, pointing to the fact of the pregnant woman suffering psychological torture, beyond the personal freedom of health professionals in these cases. Nevertheless, the research intends to seek a response under constitutional perspective according the principles of human dignity. The theoretical foundation will be works in the field of bioethics, especially kantian theoretical framework, in order to accept the human being as a moral reality. Will be addressed through the moral, philosophical and legal perspective concerning human dignity, with emphasis on social values of contemporary society, mapping, about the beginning of human life, acquisition of personality rights, the development phases of the human embryo, finally verifying the right to life.