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Le consentement du patient en droit de la santé / The medical consent in compared rightLe Goues, Morgan 05 June 2015 (has links)
Le recours aux soins est chose quotidienne pour l'ensemble des individus. Ces derniers sont effectivement soumis dans leur quotidien à la contrainte médicale émanant du "droit-créance" à la protection de la santé prévu à l'alinéa 11 du Préambule de la Constitution de 1946. Néanmoins, parallèlement à ce développement de l'accès aux soins, s'est dégagé le droit subjectif à la santé qui interdit toute atteinte à la santé de l'individu. Ces deux acceptions du droit à la santé interagissent au point que la première devienne une véritable contrainte pour la seconde. Il est donc indispensable de trouver des solutions afin qu'un équilibre puisse s'établir entre ces deux conceptions. Le consentement aux soins du patient constitue valablement une conséquence de la conception subjective du droit à la santé. Consacré par la loi du 04 mars 2002, relative aux droits des patients, le droit au consentement ne dispose d'aucun rattachement à une norme fondamentale opératoire, pour l'heure. Il se trouve en réalité souvent atteint par le recours imposé aux soins. Cette étude s'attache donc à démontrer que le droit au consentement aux soins présente une effectivité relative et qu'il est alors indispensable de le rattacher à des droits fondamentaux préexistant / The appeal(recourse) to the care is daily thing for all the individuals. The latter are actually subjected(submitted) in their everyday life(daily paper) to the medical emanating constraint of "right-claim"("right-debt","law-claim") in the protection of the health planned in the paragraph 11 of the Introduction of the Constitution of 1946. Nevertheless, in a parallel to(at the same time as) this development of the access to healthcare, got free the subjective right(law) for the health which forbids any infringement(achievement) on the health of the individual. These two meanings of a word of the right(law) for the health interact to the point that the first one(night) becomes a real constraint for second. It is thus essential to find solutions so that a balance can become established between these two conceptions(designs). The consent in the care of the patient establishes(constitutes) validly a consequence of the subjective conception(design) of the right(law) for the health. Dedicated by the law of March 04th, 2002, relative to the rights of the patients, the right(law) for the consent arranges no fastening with an operating fundamental standard, for the moment. He(it) is in reality often reached(affected) by the appeal(recourse) compulsory for the care. This study thus attempts to demonstrate that the right(law) for the consent in the care presents a relative effectiveness and that it is then essential to connect him(it) with pre-existent fundamental right
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Domestic Violence Protection Law and the Basic Human RightsChen, Su-yu 14 February 2008 (has links)
Families are old organizations. In Asian area, ¡§Domestic Violence Protection Act¡¨ is a new law that shoots up like a new sprout. When tradition meets modern laws; when old emotions and blood relationship meet rational laws, what kind of spark will be generated? And how many new social issues will it bring up?
The harms caused by marital violence to a family include physical and mental torture suffered by family members, which might lead to high national and social costs. Owing to the changes in family functions and family structure, marital violence as a controversial issue has been regulated in the legislative body through legislation. However, if there is no limit to the ¡§intervention of laws in domestic disputes¡¨, family problems will be made public just like the ¡§Truman Show¡¨. Without privacy there is no dignity. The universal value of human rights would finally be stripped off.
Once the private realm of a family is intervened, it is as if the Pandora¡¦s Box pops open. The basic human rights of family members, such as individual¡¦s privacy, minor children¡¦s right to family harmony, domestic violence victims¡¦ right over body and the right of freedom from fear, and domestic violence offenders¡¦ right to family life, right of migrating freedom, right of personal freedom, and right of property disposal, which has been deprived according to the protective order, as well as human dignity of each family member of the family in dispute and so on will be challenged. Whether the core of family system and family autonomy, or the right to family life, or the systematic protection of family should be precedent to the natural rights of the Constitution? Is it excessively intervened by the Domestic Violence Protection Act? This article discusses the intervention of laws in domestic disputes from the practical and law aspects: What conflicts exist between Domestic Violence Protection Act and domestic violence, and the possibility of reconciliation between them. It is also expected that the implementation of policies is able to protect the basic human rights of all citizens by adhering to the consistent constitutional spirit.
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L'âge, un motif autorisé de discrimination? : étude critique des effets conjugués des articles 10 de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne et 15 de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés comme obstacles à la protection contre la discrimination fondée sur l'âgeBeaudoin, Marie-Hélène 05 1900 (has links)
Le présent mémoire soulève divers questionnements face au traitement
singulier qu'a reçu l'âge en tant que motif prohibé de discrimination, sous la Charte
des droits et libertés de la personne du Québec et la Charte canadienne des droits et
libertés. Ainsi, nous verrons que même si la discrimination fondée sur l'âge n'est pas
à strictement parler « autorisée », elle est néanmoins souvent jugée acceptable.
Tout d'abord, nous procéderons à une revue générale et synthétique des
notions de discrimination et de droit à l'égalité, telles qu'elles sont prévues par les
articles 10 de la Charte québécoise et 15 de la Charte canadienne.
Ensuite, nous évoquerons un certain nombre de limites législatives qui ont
été apportées à ces droits et qui peuvent constituer des obstacles importants dans la
lutte effective contre la discrimination fondée sur l'âge.
Enfin, nous nous permettrons de faire quelques réflexions critiques, afin de
souligner comment la perspective particulière qu'ont adoptée les juges dans l'étude
des questions relatives à la discrimination fondée sur l'âge a pu introduire un certain
nombre d'incohérences au sein de la logique plus générale qui se dégage de
l'ensemble de la jurisprudence portant sur le droit à l'égalité. / The present Master's Thesis raises questions regarding the singular treatment
to which "age" has been subjected as a prohibited ground of discrimination, under the
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom and the Quebec Charter of Rights and
Freedoms. We will see that even though age discrimination is not strictly
"authorised", it is nonetheless often held to be acceptable.
First, we will synoptically review the concepts of discrimination and equality
which emanate from section 10 of the Quebec Charter and section 15 of the Canadian
Charter.
Then, we will identify a certain number of legislative limits which affect
these rights, and may constitute significant obstacles in the effective fight against age
discrimination.
Finally, we will allow ourselves to advance sorne critical thoughts,
highlighting how the peculiar perspective thatjudges have taken in age discrimination
matters has introduced non sequiturs in the overall logic that can be drawn from the
more general equality jurisprudence. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître en droit (LL.M.)"
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The dystopia between a universal "Empire of meaning" and local contexts : a study of humanity, UN dominance and the interaction process of sensemakingMarkström Lindgren, Kajsa January 2015 (has links)
There seems to be a gap between human rights theory and human rights practice. This gap disables rights to be applicable in practice in a meaningful manner. By theorizing this gap with Neil Thompson’s theory of “thinking” and “doing” while shedding light to this gap with a postmodern flashlight, the study shows that the concepts of human rights, human dignity, culture and ideology are in need to be addressed and added to this discourse and certainly to the overall discourse of human rights. A way of doing this is to make rights in the vernacular, as Sally Engle Merry suggests. What will be the consequences of vernacular rights? What is needed is thus to translate universal values into local contexts by acknowledging the cultural dimension of rights and to learning through experience.
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Äldres upplevelse av självbestämmande på särskilda boende / Elderly people’s experiences of self determination in long-stay care.Hellström, Ulla W January 2005 (has links)
Självbestämmande och livskvalitet är starkt kopplat till varandra och självbestämmande är samtidigt en viktig kvalitetsindikator på hur äldreboendet fungerar. Syftet med studien var att lyfta fram de äldres egna tankar och upplevelser av självbestäm-mande och värde på sitt särskilda boende. I denna kvalitativa studie har elva äldre personer på fem olika äldreboenden i en medelstor stad i Sydsverige intervjuats. Data har analyserat med manifest och latent kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I studien har följande fem huvudkatego-rier vuxit fram under analysens gång: Att ställas inför fullbordat faktum, Att vara till lags, Att vara beroende, Att känna uppgivenhet, Att inte värdesättas. Resultatet visar att själv-bestämmande på särskilda boenden behöver sättas i fokus, de äldre upplevde inte att de kunde påverka sin tillvaro på boendet. Det framkom även tydligt att de äldre inte kände att de hade något värde i samhället eller på boendet. Det övergripande tema som uttrycker det latenta innehållet i intervjuerna kom att framstå som disempowerment att omyndiggöra de äldre, vilket innebär en miljö som inte bemyndigar, och som inte stärker individens själv-bestämmande / Self-determination and quality of life are closely connected to one another and at the same time an important indicator on how the long-stay care functions. The aim of this study was to focus on the thoughts of the elderly people and their experiences on self determination and value in their long-stay care. In this qualitative study, eleven elderly people from five different long-stay cares in a medium big city in the south of Sweden have been interviewed. Data has been analysed according to manifest and latent qualitative content analysis. In the study the following five main categories have manifested themselves during the analysis; To face an accomplished fact, To do something for the satisfaction of others, To be dependant, To feel hopelessness, Not to be appreciated. The result shows that self determination within the long-stay cares need to be focused on, the elderly people didn’t feel as though they had any influence on their situation. It was also evident that the elderly people felt they were not appreciated in society or in the long-stay care. The general theme expressing the latent contents in the interviews turned out to be disempowerment of the elderly people, creating an environment which neither empowers nor strengthens the self determination of the individual. / <p>ISBN 91-7997-119-9</p>
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O acesso às tecnologias reprodutivas: garantias e limites jurídicosAldrovandi, Andrea 28 April 2006 (has links)
O presente estudo trata das garantias e limites jurídicos ao acesso às técnicas de reprodução humana assistida no Brasil. As tecnologias reprodutivas podem ser utilizadas em benefício do indivíduo que pretende gerar um filho, com o objetivo de prevenção de doenças e para realizar o projeto parental, constituindo método disponível para o planejamento da vida reprodutiva. Diante disso, o seu acesso encontra guarida no direito à saúde, e nos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos, que foram inseridos em nosso ordenamento por meio da previsão constitucional do direito ao planejamento familiar, reconhecendo a autonomia de toda pessoa de decidir sobre sua vida reprodutiva. Contudo, o panorama nacional demonstra que esses direitos não são respeitados na prática. Essa situação é agravada pela ausência de uma legislação especial que estabeleça diretrizes e princípios limitadores de ações que representem a violação da dignidade humana, tanto dos beneficiários, quanto da criança que será gerada. Para tanto, destaca-se a necessidade de aprovação de uma legislação especial que responda ao rápido progresso da medicina e da biotecnologia e aos desafios advindos de sua aplicação sobre o homem. Esta lei deve basear-se nas discussões da bioética e no biodireito, para estabelecer princípios que permitam o avanço da ciência, estimulando a solidariedade e decisões conscientes e responsáveis, sem que a intervenção da ciência sobre vida humana acarrete na violação de valores que constituem a essência da pessoa. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-12T18:50:29Z
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Dissertacao Andrea Aldrovandi.pdf: 896879 bytes, checksum: 1e6fd3a0657a19dd9c2b70165289aaf2 (MD5) / The present study is concerned with the guarantees and judicial limits to the access to the techniques of assisted human reproduction in Brasil. The reproductive technologies can be used for the benefit of individual who intends to conceive a child, aiming the prevention of diseases and to execute the parental project, constituting an available method for the projection of the reproductive life. In front of this, its access finds shelter in the right to the health, and in the sexual and reproductive rights, which were added in our ordainment through the constitutional forecast of the right to the familiar projection, recognizing the autonomy of every person to decide on their reproductive life. However, the national panorama shows that these rights are not respected in practice, because in our country. This situation is worsened by the lack of a special legislation which establishes directrixes and principles that are action imitators and represent the infringement of the human dignity, as much the beneficiaries, as the child who will be procreated. For this, it is outstanting the necessity of the approval of a special legislation that responds to the fast progress of the medicine and biotechnology and to the challenges which come from its application over the man. This law must be based on the discussions of the bioethic and on the bioright to establish principles which permit the advance of the science, inciting the solidarity and conscious and responsible decisions, preventing the intervention of the science over the human life not to cause infringement of the valves which constitute the person s nature.
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Zajištění intimity a důstojnosti u pacientů na urgentním příjmu, samozřejmost nebo nadstandard? / Ensuring intimacy and dignity for patients in the Emergency Department, granted or extras?POSPÍŠILOVÁ, Vendula January 2017 (has links)
Abstract This diploma thesis, titled "Ensuring intimacy and dignity in patients on urgent reception, self-evident or a luxury?", highlights the issue of respecting human dignity and ensuring intimacy in treating patients on urgent admission. The above issues are currently lagging the prestige of modern healing and nursing practices. In intensive care and therefore in urgent arrivals, an inpatient health care system is being developed, where maintaining the dignity of a person and ensuring his intimacy is very complicated. At a slow pace, this issue moves to the forefront of the public's interests, both professional and lay, particularly from the point of view of patients who have some experience with healthcare. The aim of this diploma thesis was to map the provision of intimacy and respect for dignity in patients on emergency reception by treating staff. The theoretical part of this thesis describes areas such as dignity, intimacy, holism, the needs of the sick, as well as communication and burnout syndrome and the functioning of urgent income as such in a brief description. The practical part of the work was elaborated by the method of qualitative research using the techniques of semi-structured interview with patients who were treated for urgent income and with emergency care staff, combined with the secret observation of the work of the emergency care staff. Interviews and observation took place in April 2017, at the Emergency in Hospital. Permit for research was issued by the Deputy Minister for Nursing. The research group consisted of 10 nurses working on urgent admissions and 10 patients treated in this department. The research shows that nurses have a very good knowledge of dignified care and patient intimacy, but in terms of putting this knowledge into practice, this area is under the supervision of the department's staff to work on it and to deal with it more closely. In patients pointed out to insufficient awareness of the course of treatment, applied medications, and a lack of privacy in nursing. Almost the most discussed issue is communicating personal data and health problems in the emergency waiting room to a nurse, without any possibility of privacy. Some factors that interfere with dignified and intimate care relate to areas of rather structural and organizational adjustments to the department and will be proposed for further solutions.
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Dimensões do mínimo existencial : atuação jurisdicional e proteção da essência da república.Barbosa, Charles Silva January 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011 / O presente estudo orientado precipuamente pelo método fenomenológico pretende enfrentar o problema das dimensões do mínimo existencial e sua relação com a essência do republicanismo. Examina-se a atuação jurisdicional na prevenção de condutas que subtraqem dos individuos a acesso ao campo da dignidade. Busca-se dissociar o mínimo existencial do âmbito dos direitos sociais para situa-lo em todas as possiveis relaçoes dos individuos com o Estado. Sustenta-se a necessidade de proteção dos valores republicanos especialmente a eletividade a representatividade e a responsabilidade para que seja obstada a ascensão ou retorno ao poder daqueles que já demonstraram o seu descaso com a coisa pública. Examinam-se as relações entre mínimo existencial mínimo vital reserva do possível e núcleo essencial. Defende-se a atuação responsável do Judiciário no preenchimento das lacunas decorrentes da omissão ou negligência do Legislativo e do Executivo providência que deve ser levada a efeito por meio de decisões racionais e fundadas na técnica da ponderação. Ressalta-se a necessidade de deslocamento das decisões que envolvem o mínimo existencial do campo das lides individuais para o campo coletivo seja por meio judicial ou extrajudicial com o fim de impulsionar ações da Administração no sentido de construir soluções no campo orçamentário. / Salvador
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What is unfair discrimination? : a study of the South African Constitutional Court's unfair discrimination jurisprudenceMcConnachie, Chris January 2014 (has links)
This thesis offers an original account of the South African Constitutional Court's reasoning in identifying unfair discrimination perpetrated by the state. I use this account to develop proposals for improving the Court's jurisprudence, in line with its stated aim of addressing patterns of group disadvantage. The Court's Harksen test for unfair discrimination makes dignity the touchstone for identifying this wrong. However, the Court has not explained what is required to prove a violation of dignity or how dignity fits with its concern for group disadvantage. I demonstrate that three necessary conditions must be satisfied for the Court to conclude that dignity has been violated: there must be a) unfavourable treatment on the basis of protected grounds; b) that threatens to create or perpetuate patterns of group disadvantage; and c) that lacks adequate justification. I also investigate important features of the Court's reasoning that have been overlooked in the existing literature, including its concern for messages expressed by discrimination and the fluctuating intensity with which it reviews justifications. Among my proposals for developing this reasoning, I argue that the Court should remove human dignity from the Harksen test and openly acknowledge the considerations doing the work in its decisions. I also provide a detailed critique of five of the Court's most controversial decisions where it found discrimination to be fair despite clear indications that it entrenched patterns of disadvantage. I show that in all five cases the Court applied an indefensibly weak intensity of review, falling below the baseline level of scrutiny which ought to be applied in unfair discrimination cases. I contend that consistent application of this baseline will help to make the Court better at preventing and addressing patterns of group disadvantage. I conclude with a restatement of the Harksen test that consolidates the Court's reasoning and my proposals.
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The rainbow nation : a critical analysis of the notions of community in the thinking of Desmond TutuTshawane, Nwamilorho Joseph 11 1900 (has links)
The Rainbow Nation is a critical analysis of the notions of community in the thinking of Desmond Tutu. An attempt is being made in this study to demonstrate that the ideal of the Rainbow Nation –an inclusive human community- is a defining motif in Tutu's theological and biblical hermeneutical work. The main discussion in the research project begins by raising a fundamental question which serves as the basis for an analytical construct to examine Tutu's understanding and view of community. The second part of this study focuses on Tutu's early life experiences of community within the South African context. Tutu's writings, sermons, public addresses and statements are systematically and chronologically arranged and presented. This study concludes that Tutu's theology against the apartheid system and his vision for new South Africa, the Rainbow Nation- an inclusive South African Community- rests on triadic doctrines: The Imago Dei, creation of man in the image of God, The Delicate Networks of Interdependence (African Spirit of Ubuntu) and Ecclesiology, which represents the kingdom of God on earth. It is no wonder that out of an oppressive condition Tutu sought a universal vision of inclusive humanity which transcends the barriers of race, class, tribe, ethnicity, religion and other forms of sectarianism. The fundamental problem addressed here, is the notions of community. Its importance and relevance lies in its examination of his approach to the logical development understanding, and realisation of the ideal of the Rainbow Nation. A serious contention in this study is that a critical analysis of the problem in Tutu's thinking can yield insight into the conception, character and realisation of a more inclusive, loving and caring human community.
However the author of this study is aware of the fact that one cannot possibly exhaust all the salient aspects of the rainbow nation as a model of an inclusive human community. What this study is attempting to provide here is the insight into the thinking of Desmond Tutu that makes contribution to the discussion of the realisation of the beloved human community.
The model of human inclusive community proposed here is functional not contemplative theoretical. Human inclusive community has always been a dynamic force and has social implications which cannot all be covered by this study. / Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)
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