[pt] A Fé em ação: o magistério social de João Paulo II em seus pronunciamentos ao Brasil. Esta tese de doutorado, em Teologia Sistemático- Pastoral, consiste em um estudo sobre o pensamento social da Igreja Católica. O objeto material, aqui analisado, é o conjunto das palavras pronunciadas pelo Papa por ocasião de suas três visitas pastorais ao território brasileiro, e por ocasião de quatro visitas ad limina apostolorum dos Bispos do Brasil, a Roma. A tese, em seu todo, esclarece sobre os porquês da ação cristã no mundo, sobre as diretrizes religiosas e éticas dessa ação, sobre o perigo das ideologias assumirem o lugar da teologia, e sobre os princípios que servem para orientar o modo de agir dos crentes e não crentes. Os eixos e a dimensão, ao redor dos quais se estabelece a sistematização do magistério social de João Paulo II ao Brasil, são os eixos cristológico e antropológico, e a dimensão sócio-transformadora. No eixo cristológico, sobressai a dimensão escatológica da compreensão e dos objetivos do agir cristão no mundo. No eixo antropológico, ressaltam-se, a partir de uma antropologia cristã, os princípios éticos fundamentais da ação cristã na ordem temporal. Na dimensão sócio-transformadora, distinguem-se, à luz da escatologia e da ética, as diretrizes do comprometimento específico de cada vocacionado à vida social. / [en] Faith in action: John Paul II’s social mastership in his pronouncements to Brazil. This doctorate thesis in Systematic-Pastoral Theology consists in a study about the social thought of the Catholic Church. The physical object here analyzed is the conjunct of words uttered by the Pope John Paul II on the occasion of his three pastoral visits to the Brazilian territory, and on the occasion of four ad limina apostolorum visits of the Bishops of Brazil to Rome. The thesis in its whole clears up about the reasons of the Christian action in the world, about the religious and ethical directives of that action, about the danger of the ideologies to take on the place of Theology, and about the principles that serve to direct believers and non-believers’ way of to act. The axis and the dimension around which establishes John Paul II’s social mastership systematization to Brazil are the Christological and anthropological axis, and the social-transformer dimension. In the Christological axis stands out the scatological dimension of the understanding and of the aims of the Christian action in the world. In the anthropologic axis stand out, starting from a Christian Anthropology, the ethical basic principles of the Christian action in the worldly order. In the socialtransformer dimension stand out, by the light of scatology and of the Christian ethics, the directives of the specific compromise of every person called to the social life.

[pt] A presente dissertação defende a possibilidade da alteração do Registro Civil dos transexuais para que constem nome e sexo condizentes com o seu sexo reivindicado, mesmo nos casos em que não foi realizada a cirurgia de redesignação sexual. A partir de uma visão da transexualidade capaz de alocá-la fora dos marcos patologizantes e encará-la como uma experiência idenitária e ainda diante da visão do sexo como um conceito pluridimensional envolvendo fatores de ordem física, psíquica e social, a possibilidade de autodeterminação sexual é vista como uma garantia constitucional. Usando hermenêutica civilconstitucional é possível permitir uma maior autonomia privada no que diz respeito às questões auto-referentes, notadamente em um Estado que tem como pilares fundamentais do ordenamento jurídico a pluralidade e a dignidade da pessoa humana. Nesse contexto, sendo a identidade sexual um dos componentes da identidade, permitir que o titular do direito possa, de forma responsável e consciente se autodeterminar é plenamente possível, mesmo diante da ausência de norma expressa a respeito, sendo inclusive um direito a saúde, considerada em seu aspecto psíquico. A Constituição, ao instituir um catálogo de direitos fundamentais tutela entre outros direitos, a liberdade e a privacidade, permitindo que cada um possa decidir sobre sua vida nas questões que dizem respeito às situações existenciais de maneira a atender suas aspirações e seus valores. / [en] The current work defends the possibility of altering the civil register of transsexuals, so that it presents the name and gender appropriate to their claimed gender, even in the cases that sex reassignment surgery was not performed. Through a concept of transsexuality as an identity experience rather than a pathology and understanding gender as a complex concept, involving factors of physical, psychological and social order, the possibility of sexual selfdetermination is viewed as a constitutional right. Using a civil-constitutional hermeneutics, it is possible to allow a greater privacy and autonomy in relation to self-referring matters, especially in a State that have as its main pillars of it’s legal system the plurality and dignity of human beings. In this context, being gender identity one of identity components, allowing the right bearer self-determination, in a responsible and conscious manner is fully possible, even with the lack of a formal law regarding it, being it in fact a health right, in relation to its psychic aspect. The constitution, by creating a catalog of fundamental rights, assures private autonomy, allowing each one to decide about its life in matters regarding existential situations in a manner that fulfills its aspirations and values.

Les trente dernières années ont été marquées en France par de profondes mutations sociales et économiques issues à la fois de crises financières successives et d’un bouleversement des structures familiales qui conjugués à une précarité économique croissante ont conduit à une situation de fragilisation de certaines populations, dont les propriétaires occupants. Jusque dans les années 40, ils étaient relativement « protégés » des aléas économiques grâce au droit détenu sur l’immeuble occupé qui leur offrait à la fois une garantie patrimoniale et un statut social. Aujourd’hui, le contexte socio-économique induit de véritables risques de paupérisation qu’ils proviennent de crise économique, de crise sociétale ou encore qu'ils soient inhérents à la propriété elle-même, auxquels n’échappent pas les propriétaires occupants. La propriété n'apparaît donc plus comme vecteur de stabilité dans le logement, mais au contraire peut constituer un facteur de précarisation. Il convient alors de s'interroger sur les capacités du droit de propriété à protéger le logement d'occupants économiquement fragiles. Les propriétaires n'étant pas bénéficiaires du droit au logement, il était nécessaire de s'intéresser au contenu du droit de propriété et aux garanties inhérentes à ce droit dans la perspective d'une protection du propriétaire occupant fragilisé.Cette analyse critique du droit de propriété dépasse largement la seule dimension historique, en soulignant notamment ses limites en terme de protection du logement, en analysant les mécanismes "palliatifs" mis en œuvre par les politiques sociales en réponse à la précarisation des propriétaires occupants. Elle s'interroge enfin, sur le contenu et la place du droit de propriété dans la société du XXIème siècle. / The last thirty years were characterized in France by profound social and economic changes borned of successive financial crises and a upheaval of family structures. Combined with an increasing economic precariousness, the situation has led to the weakening of some populations among which the owners-occupiers. To the forties, they were relatively “protected” from economic hazards because of the owner right on the occupied building which offered them at once, patrimonial guarantee and social status. Today, the socioeconomic context leads to real risks of impoverishment resulting from societal and economic crisis or even inherent in the very property, the owner occupiers cannot escape from. Thus property does not appear as a vector of stability in the housing any more but, inversely can constitute a factor of casualization.We should therefore wonder about the ability of property right to protect the housing of economically fragile occupants. Because the owners are not beneficiaries of the right for the housing, the contents of property right and its guarantees should be examined in the prospect of the protection of weakened owner occupiers.Beyond historical dimension, the critical study will underline the limits of the protection of the housing, analyze the “palliative” mechanisms implemented by social policies responding to the casualization of the owner-occupiers. It will finally examine the contents and the place given to property right in the society of the 21st century.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-06-05T19:18:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luana Aparecida Zuppi Garcia.pdf: 3491559 bytes, checksum: 390e0a64ec7f94a3e576bafe3918cd96 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-05T19:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luana Aparecida Zuppi Garcia.pdf: 3491559 bytes, checksum: 390e0a64ec7f94a3e576bafe3918cd96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-31 / The study of immigrants under the refuge condition deals with the existing conditions for worldwide recognition of the need that individual to seek refuge in a country that is not their original home. This refuge is from a variety of different sources and motivations such as their ethnicity, culture, political opinion, religion or any other that endangers the fulfillment of the value of human dignity, as shown as sufficient reason for the search the refuge. The foreign country which accept those in refugee situation need to deal with the recognition of human rights of these refugees, internalizing and from the modern constitutionalist movement, recognize the existence of fundamental rights to its national and must extended to those victimized individuals and they are in refugee situation, in view of the primacy of the principle of equality. This refuge in turn need to be given by internal administrative procedure involving a wide range of government and non-government agencies for full compliance to each alleged refugee. This analysis uses the deductive research and historical methods, taking into consideration the theoretical normative UNHCR and CONARE, as well as the principles contained in international conventions and treaties on the refuge, also taking the doctrinal teachings of a range of writers on the subject discoursed. The study concludes the existing challenges in Brazil, in order to fully grasp the fundamental rights of full access to health, education, labor and employment and housing of these refugees, so as to effectively reach the value of human dignity. / O estudo dos imigrantes sob a condição de refúgio trata das condições existentes mundialmente para o reconhecimento da necessidade desse indivíduo buscar refúgio em país que não é o seu de origem. Refúgio este que deriva das mais diversas fontes e motivações de perseguições, que podem ser em razão de sua etnia, cultura, opiniões políticas, religião ou qualquer outra que coloque em risco o cumprimento do valor da dignidade humana, já se mostra como motivo suficiente para a busca do refúgio. O país recebedor deste estrangeiro em situação de refúgio por sua vez, precisa tratar do reconhecimento dos direitos humanos desses refugiados, os internalizando e a partir do movimento constitucionalista moderno, reconhecer a existência dos direitos fundamentais a seus nacionais e extensíveis a esses indivíduos vitimizados e que se encontram em situação de refúgio, tendo em vista a primazia do princípio da isonomia. Esse refúgio por sua vez precisa ser concedido mediante procedimento administrativo interno envolvendo uma gama de órgãos governamentais e não governamentais para o atendimento pleno do pretenso refugiado. Para tal análise se utiliza do método de pesquisa dedutivo, contanto ainda com o método auxiliar histórico, tomando por referencial teórico as normativas do ACNUR e do CONARE, assim como os preceitos contidos nas Convenções e Tratados internacionais sobre o refúgio, e dos ensinamentos doutrinários de uma gama de escritores sobre o tema discorrido. O estudo possibilita se concluir pelos desafios existentes ao Brasil, para que se alcance plenamente os direitos fundamentais de acesso pleno a saúde, educação, trabalho e emprego e moradia desses refugiados, para que efetivamente se alcance o valor da dignidade humana.

The crimes against human dignity in sexual area - criminal and criminological aspects Abstract: The thesis deals with those crimes that affect the most intimate area of human life, the sexual area. It analyzes those crimes from a criminal point of view and compares the current Czech legislation with the legislation in Spain. Based on this comparison, the thesis contains several considerations de lege ferenda, which could improve the current Czech legislation. As the chosen topic is strongly affected by forensic science and criminology, the thesis also deals with sexual crimes from the point of view of these scientific disciplines. From a criminological point of view, the thesis examines the personality of the perpetrator and the victim. With regard to perpetrators, it deals primarily with the motives, motivations and typology of perpetrators in general. In relation to victims the thesis finds out, in particular, how committing these crimes affects their lives (including secondary victimization) and deals with their position from a procedural point of view. In the part dealing with forensic science this thesis describes the specifics associated with the investigation of this type of crimes. In order to determine whether these procedures are effective, the first part contains statistical reports showing...

The purpose of this study is to develop a fruitful conception of human dignity, a conception that can be used as a guiding moral principle when trying to resolve the conflict of rights. Specifically, the question that this study attempts to answer is what is a fruitful conception of human dignity and how can it be used to deal with concrete issues pertaining to human rights? Two reports from special rapporteurs propose two different courses of action regarding the implementation of the right to protection of property, and this is the conflict that the proposed conception of human dignity tries to resolve. To develop a conception of human dignity a broad conception of human dignity is initially developed, through the usage of a Rawlsian reflective equilibrium, and it is further developed through a combination of a reflective equilibrium, examination of the conception in relation to overall coherence with the human rights tradition, and a consequence analysis. The latter is done by utilizing a consequence analysis with the aforementioned courses of action being applied in a specific case, the case of Tanzania. By using a consequence analysis, a proposed conception of human dignity and a reflective equilibrium the conception of human dignity could be developed further and contribute to resolve the specific conflict of rights that could be found in the reports of the special rapporteurs. The conclusion drawn was that both of the proposed courses of action, regarding the implementation of the right to the protection of property and in relation to the proposed conception of human dignity, had desirable and less desirable consequences. Therefore, a third way was proposed that sought to bridge the gap between both courses of action, by combining elements of both, and to strengthen the condition-dignity for the parties affected.

The paper explores historical positions on suicide and philosophical, theological, and moral positions on physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. In 1900, most people died from infectious diseases, which have relatively short periods of morbid decline. With advances in the biomedical sciences, people are living longer, and most people die from chronic diseases, which are usually accompanied by prolonged periods of morbid decline. In addition to living longer, people today are generally more individualist and seek methods to control many aspects of life. While assisted death is rarely used, it represents a means to control end-of-life suffering. The paper demonstrates that there is substantial opposition to assisted death among philosophers, theologians and bioethicists. The paper also argues that improved education about end-of-life palliative alternatives would alleviate fears about end-of-life suffering. The thesis is that the use of palliative alternatives is morally and ethically superior to physician-assisted suicide or euthanasia.

Yes / Recent decades have witnessed a growing number of states around the world relying on border control measures, such as immigration detention, to govern human mobility and control the movements of those classified as “unauthorised non-citizens.” In response to this, an increasing number of scholars from several disciplines, including psychologists, have begun to examine this phenomenon. In spite of the widespread concerns raised, few studies have been conducted inside immigration detention sites, primarily due to difficulties in gaining access. This body of research becomes even scanter when it comes to the experiences of detained women. This study is the first of its kind to have surveyed 93 women confined in an Italian immigration detention facility. A partial mediation model with latent variables was tested through partial least structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The findings revealed the negative impact that unfair immigration procedures have on detained women’s human dignity, which in turn negatively affects their self-rated physical and mental health. Overall, our study sheds light on the dehumanisation and damage to human dignity that immigration detention entails, as well as its negative impact on the health of those affected. This evidence reinforces the image of these institutions as sites of persistent injustice, while stressing the need to envision alternative justice-oriented forms to address human mobility. / FE’s doctoral research, on which this article relies, was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (SFRH/BD/87854/2012), and her subsequent work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (grant number: CEECIND/00924/2018/CP1541/CT0004).

El objetivo de esta investigación fue precisar el verdadero sentido de la dignidad humana en el sistema jurídico peruano desde un aspecto ius-filosófico. En la actualidad se evidencia una divergente concepción de la dignidad humana originada por el desarrollo de corrientes filosóficas equivocadas que ponen en riesgo a la persona humana, ocasionando excepciones en la aplicación normativa, como en el caso Ana Estrada, a quien se declaró la inaplicación del homicidio piadoso para que pueda morir dignamente con el apoyo del sistema sanitario, el cual, será eximido de responsabilidad penal si interviene en el procedimiento para ayudarla a “morir con dignidad”; pese a que, la dignidad humana es reconocida en el sistema jurídico peruano como un principio-derecho que se aplica como parámetro normativo de toda disposición legal e interpretación jurídica, ya que, consiste en un valor intrínseco del ser humano, quien lo posee más allá de las situaciones externas o internas. Esta investigación demuestra que, frente al antecedente jurisprudencial de Ana Estrada, es necesario precisar el verdadero sentido de la dignidad humana acogido en el sistema jurídico peruano, desde un aspecto iusfilosófico, según el cual se concibe a la dignidad humana como un principio ético-jurídico que responde a una dignidad ontológica, lo cual a su vez evitará evidenciar un “derecho la muerte digna”. / The objective of this research was to specify the true meaning of human dignity in the Peruvian Legal System from a legal-philosophical aspect. Currently, a divergent conception of human dignity is evident, caused by the development of erroneous philosophical currents that put the human person at risk, causing exceptions in the normative application, as in the case of Ana Estrada, to whom the non-application of the mercy killing so that she can die with dignity with the support of the health system, which will be exempt from criminal responsibility if it intervenes in the procedure to help her “die with dignity”; Although human dignity is recognized in the Peruvian Legal System as a law-principle that is applied as a normative parameter of all legal provisions and legal interpretation, since it consists of an intrinsic value of the human being, who possesses it beyond of external or internal situations. This research will demonstrate that, given the jurisprudential background of Ana Estrada, it is necessary to specify the true meaning of human dignity accepted in the Peruvian Legal System, from a legal-philosophical aspect, according to which human dignity is conceived as an ethical principle. -legal that responds to an ontological dignity, which in turn will avoid evidencing a “right to a dignified death.”

The legal historical development of fairness in the South African common law of contract is investigated in the context of the political, social and economic developments of the last four centuries. It emerges that the common law of contract is still dominated by the ideologies of individualism and economic liberalism which were imported from English law during the nineteenth century. Together with the theories of legal positivism and formalism which are closely related to parliamentary sovereignty and the classical rule of law, these ideals were transposed into the common law of contract through the classical model of contract law which emphasises freedom and sanctity of contract and promotes legal certainty. This approach resulted in the negation of the court’s equitable discretion and the limitation of good faith which sustain the social and economic inequalities that were created under colonialism and exacerbated under apartheid rule. In stark contrast, the modern human rights culture grounded in human dignity and aimed at the promotion of substantive equality led to the introduction of modern contract theory in other parts of the world. The introduction of the Constitution as grounded in human dignity and aimed at the achievement of substantive equality has resulted in a sophisticated jurisprudence on human dignity that reflects a harmonisation between its Western conception as based on Kantian dignity and ubuntu which provides an African understanding thereof. In this respect, ubuntu plays an important role in infusing the common law of contract with African values and in promoting substantive equality between contracting parties in line with modern contract theory. It is submitted that this approach to human dignity should result in the development of good faith into a substantive rule of the common law of contract which can be used to set aside an unfair contract term or the unfair enforcement thereof. / Private Law / LL. D.