Scholars often consider ideology a crucial factor for radicalisation, but some groups appear radical even though they have been described as lacking clear ideologies. This thesis will explore why members of the incel community appear radical despite the community’s lack of a rigid ideology. I explore this through a narrative analysis focusing on collective identities and emotions as narrated and potential driving forces of radicalisation. My study has identified two narratives, the incel as inferior and the incel as superior. The analysis shows that radicalisation is more prominent in the second narrative. In the first narrative, the victimhood and hopelessness serve as a foundation for the expressions of violence found in the second one based on perceived injustices. My findings suggest that the narration of collective identities and emotional dimensions is crucial for the radicalisation of members of the incel community since collective identities create a sense of belonging to the community and guide actions based on “emotional batteries”.

This study focuses on how a Personal Portfolio can facilitate the narration of an adolescent’s life story and the outcome on self understanding. An instrumental case study that was exploritative and descriptive in nature was used to gain insight into the potential value of using a Personal Portfolio to reflect an adolescent’s quest for identity development. Data were collected by means of Personal Portfolio activities, open-ended interviews, tape-recordings of participant interviews, reflective reports written by the research participant as well as observations and field notes recorded in a diary by the researcher. The thematic analysis of the data was done within a constructivist-interpretivist framework. Five core categories: Identity Crisis/Confusion, Identity Exploration,Identifying Developmental Assets, Unresolved Past Issues, and the Experience of Compiling a Personal Portfolio emerged. These core categories were further linked to sub-categories and related themes. This study found that compiling a Personal Portfolio supported the research participant’s quest for identity. In particular, it facilitated a process of self exploration regarding career choice and sexual identity and resulted in increased self-knowledge, an awareness of personal assets and an overall improved sense of self-worth and self-confidence. This study also provided the research participant with a platform to work from and the means to solve some personal problems. The study further more concluded that a Personal Portfolio is a cost effective method that is suitable for use in a diverse South African context which could be utilised by counsellors and educators with their task to assist adolescents with their identity development. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Educational Psychology / unrestricted

Syftet med denna utredning var att undersöka hur unga klienter skapar och utvecklar sin identitet som intagna på SiS särskilda ungdomshem. Ingen datainsamling har skett i samband med utredningen. Istället har utredningen utgått från ett publicerat material; tre upplagor av bokserien SiS unga berättar. Utredningen har genomförts med utgångspunkt i en kvalitativ ansats med fokus på beskrivning, tolkning och förståelse. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ textanalys som bestod av två steg: kodning och tolkning. Olika mönster, teman och nyckelbegrepp identifierades vid kodningen. Vid tolkningen relaterades de olika delarna i kodningen till varandra och kopplades till teoretiska begrepp samt jämfördes med tidigare forskning. Goffmans (2014) teori om totala institutioner och Giddens (1999) teori om identitet användes som teoretiska utgångspunkter i den här utredningen. Resultatet av utredningen visade att tillvaron på de särskilda ungdomshemmen kan ha betydelse för unga klienters identitetsskapande då klienterna lever i en mycket speciell kontext utan handlingsfrihet och med mycket begränsade kommunikationsmöjligheter. Även sociala relationer kan bidra till unga klienters identitetsskapande. För unga klienter är ofta relationen med familj och vänner mycket värdefull och trygghetsskapande. Samtidigt tyder utredningens resultat på att komplicerade relationer med representanter från socialtjänsten är vanligt bland unga klienter. Framtiden är viktig men oviss för många unga klienter. Både handlingar i klientens förflutna och framtida möjligheter kan vara betydelsefulla för de unga klienternas identitetsskapande. / The purpose of this investigation was to explore how young clients create and develop their identity as inmates at SiS special residential homes. No data collection has been made duringthe investigation. Instead, the investigation has been based on a published material; three editions of the Swedish book series SiS Unga berättar. The investigation has been carried out on the basis of a qualitative approach with a focus on description, interpretation and understanding. The material was analyzed using a qualitative text analysis that consisted of two steps: coding and interpretation. Different patterns, themes and key concepts were identified during the coding. In the interpretation, the different parts of the coding related to each other were linked to theoretical concepts as well as previous research. Goffman's theory of total institutions and Gidden’s theory of identity were used as a theoretical perspective in this investigation. The results of the investigation showed that the environment in the special residential homes can be important for young clients' identity creation as the clients live in a very special context without freedom of action and with very limited communication opportunities. Social relationships can also contribute to young clients' identity construction. For young clients, the relationship with family and friends is often very important and contributes to the clients feeling of safety. At the same time, the results of the investigation indicate that complicated relationships with representatives from the social services are common among young clients. The future is important but uncertain for many young clients. Both actions in the client's past and future opportunities can be important for the young clients' identity construction.

Through the conception of the EU as a normative power, scholars envisage moving beyond the traditional notion of power in international relations. Scholars have argued that this “new kind of political ethics” entails an expectation on political discourse to avoid antagonistic othering and for consistency between the internal and external dimensions of identity construction. By exploring the previously overlooked internal dimension of Normative Power Europe (NPE), in light of Hungary challenging the upholding of the EU’s founding values, this thesis investigates how EU representatives discursively manage differences “at home”. The discourse analysis identified a dominant pattern of antagonistic othering towards the Hungarian government, suggesting a dilemma in upholding EU values while complying with the expectation that being a “new kind of power” entails. The results further suggest that the internal dilemma has implications on the credibility of the EU as an actor in foreign policy. In studying the managing of internal differences, this thesis adds to previous NPE scholarship on how the EU, in addressing internal fallacies, could work as a “laboratory” and project credible normative power in international relations.

Le présent mémoire porte avant tout sur les rôles que prend la musique dans la construction de l’identité des jeunes qui en consomme beaucoup. D’abord un sujet d’étude populaire au cours des années 1990 et 2000, la question de la musique et de l’identité est ensuite retombée dans l’ombre. Une vingtaine d’années plus tard, nous remarquons d’importantes transformations dans l’industrie de la musique, ainsi qu’au niveau des parcours identitaires des jeunes. En s’appuyant sur la littérature du tournant du siècle, nous tentons alors de mettre en lumière comment s’articulent les usages identitaires de la musique dans un contexte d’abondance et d’omniprésence de la musique où les jeunes sont appelés à « être eux-mêmes », une individualisation normée et généralisée. À l’aide d’une approche cognitive du développement de l’identité, nous adoptons dans le cadre de notre recherche une vision holistique de l’identité qui ne la divise pas en différentes composantes. Plutôt que de considérer l’identité personnelle et l’identité sociale séparément, nous adoptons la conception d’un continuum qui unit un pôle réflexif et un pôle social, sur lequel chacun déploie un amalgame unique de procédés identitaires. Parmi nos participants, nous avons également distingué trois profils identitaires, les introspectifs, les observateurs et les explorateurs, qui prennent place sur ce continuum en se distinguant notamment par les sources desquels ils tirent des informations sur eux-mêmes. Cette recherche s’appuie sur 15 entrevues semi-dirigées conduites auprès de jeunes étudiants fréquentant les cégeps du grand Montréal. Au cours de ces entrevues, les participants ont notamment partagé leurs parcours identitaires, leurs pratiques musicales, ainsi que la place qu’occupe la musique dans leur vie et dans leur conception d’eux-mêmes. Au travers de notre analyse, nous décelons des relations changeantes à la musique, surtout au niveau des répertoires qui prennent de l’ampleur, et des moments d’écoutes, qui se font de plus en plus fréquents. Nous observons également que les participants font des usages différents de la musique en fonction de leur profil identitaire. Ainsi, la musique intervient surtout au niveau de la réflexion, de l’analyse de soi et de ses émotions chez notre profil introspectif, tandis qu’elle intervient plutôt au niveau des appartenances chez les observateurs, et au niveau de l’exploration chez les explorateurs. Finalement, nous observons des logiques changeantes au niveau du reflet de soi par la musique, et proposons le concept de « cartographie de soi » pour substituer au concept bien connu de « badge identitaire » proposé par Simon Frith. / This thesis focuses on the roles that music can play in the identity construction of young listeners who consume it at high levels. While initially a popular topic of study during the 1990s and 2000s, the topic of music and identity has since lost its steam. Twenty years later, we are noticing important transformations in the music industry, as well as in the area of identity construction among the youth. Drawing on this turn-of-the-century literature, we attempt to shed light on how identity-related uses of music are articulated in a context of abundance and omnipresence of music where young people are also called upon to be themselves, in a context of normalized and generalized individualization. Using a cognitive approach to identity development, our research takes a holistic view of identity that avoids dividing it into different components. Rather than considering personal identity and social identity, we adopt a continuum that joins a reflexive pole and a social pole, on which each deploys a unique amalgam of identity processes. Finally, we also distinguish three identity profiles among our participants, the introspectives, the observers, and the explorers, who distinguish themselves by the sources from which they draw information about themselves. This research is based on 15 semi-structured interviews conducted with young students attending CEGEPs in the greater Montreal area. During these interviews, the participants shared their identity pathways, their habits of music consumption, as well as the place of music in their lives, and their concept of self. Our analysis reveals changing relationships to music, especially in terms of repertoires which are becoming more extensive and listening times which are becoming more frequent. We also observe that the identity profiles use music differently, notably at the level of reflection, self-analysis, and emotions for our introspective profile, music intervenes at the level of belonging and identification for the observers, and the level of exploration for the explorers. Finally, we observe changing logic at the level of self-reflection through music and propose the concept of self-mapping to substitute Simon Frith's identity badge.

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