New and better adapted varieties of crop plants have resulted from the application of the principles of genetics. Fundamental research in the field of barley genetics has helped the plant breeder in developing better varieties for specific uses and adaptability. Barley is one of the best cultivated crop plants for making genetic studies. It has a wide range of adaptability, exhibits a host of contrasting genetic characters, is a simple diploid with only seven pairs of chromosomes, and all the cultivated species are interfertile.

The data presented in this thesis are the results obtained from a study of the F2 and F3 generations from a cross between the wheat varieties, Dicklow and Hard Federation. Toward the end of the summer of 1922 this problem was assigned to me by Professor George Stewart. The plants then growing in the field were in the F2 generation, the cross having been made in 1920 by Professor Stewart. The chief purpose of the cross was to improve the grain quality of spring-irrigated wheat by the application of Mendelian principles in such a way as to combine the high-yielding power of Dicklow with the good grain quality of Hard Federation. Before the data obtained in the cross are presented the history, description, and distribution of each parent will be given. This is followed by a brief review of the literature concerning inheritance of three characters in the wheat plant, viz., (1) chaff color, (2) head shape, and (3) grain texture.

Because of increasing rural land values, potential estate problems have been created for farm owners. This study was conducted to analyze land use changes when the farm owner dies. Land use changes and factors related to use change for estates subjected to probate court during 1971-1975, in the selected Utah counties, are described in this thesis. County records were searched for information pertaining to farm estates probaged in six Utah counties. Individuals handling the affairs of the estates were contacted by mail. Questionnaires returned were used in the analysis and are the basis for the conclusions of this study. General conclusions of the study were: 1. Land transferred from agricultural to non-agricultural use most frequently when land was sold by the owner prior to death. Transfer of farm land out of agriculture occurred least often when the farm owner utilized estate planning. 2. Regression analysis of variance was used to determine effects of related factors on disposition of farm land use after the owners death. Purchaser and method of land management were determined to significantly influence estate land use. 3. The marital deduction received considerable attention in the new Federal Estate tax law. Of the study estates which paid death taxes; if the new law had been in effect and each estate had a survivor, the total death tax burden would have been lower.

Wheat is the most important cereal crop in the world. It is the principal staple food in Russia, United States, China, Canada, India and a number of other countries. Covered smut is one of the most serious disease of wheat all over the world. According to Woolman and Humphrey (82) it was known from very early times and is referred to by Theoprastus and other early Greek Roman writers.

Many studies on inheritance in barley have been made, but very little progress has as yet been obtained. Barley in many ways is an attractive plant with which to make inheritance studies. Unlike common wheat with 21 chromosome pairs and few distinct characters, barley has only 7 chromosome pairs and consequently only 7 possible linkage groups and many distinct characters that may be readily recognized. The chief difficulty is that many of these characters cannot be readily classified because a number of factors may be responsible for their production. The purpose of this project has been to study in considerable detail the Mendelian inheritance of several character pairs as they appear in barley crosses and to study possible linkage relationships between factors. The characters studied are rough versus semi-smooth awn, black versus white color of the flowering glumes and pericarp, long-haired vergus short-haired rachilla, fertility of the lateral florets and hulled versus naked caryopsis.

A pollen-restorer sugarbeet inbred, developed by four generations of selection of highly fertile plants from a CMS X table beet cross, was studied to determine if a change from sterile to fertile cytoplasm had occurred. Data showed that the fertility expressed by the restorer inbred was the result of genetic factors and not cytoplasmic reversion. Linkage tests with the Rf gene showed independence of the YRB group, m and vi4. A yellow-loaf mutant was inherited as a simple recessive factor. A partial pollen-restorer character, found in the yellow-leaf material, was inherited as a single dominant gene. The restorer factor was independent of yl and m, while the yl gene showed independence of m and B.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Animals depend on inheriting non-genetic information early in life to grow and develop naturally. This inherited, non-genetic information was previously thought to be limited to DNA modifications and DNA binding proteins. But recent studies have expanded our understanding of inheritance to include RNA and RNA binding proteins. We currently lack methods to identify and enrich for RNA binding proteins that might be involved in providing non-genetic information from mother to daughter cells. Others have developed a method using modified enzyme tags to pulse-label proteins with small molecule fluorescent ligands and follow these proteins as they are inherited by cells. Here I characterized and tested the application of a fluorescent small molecule targeting antibody to enrich for these labeled proteins. I first tested the ability of this antibody to bind to fluorescent ligand-labeled enzymes. I determined that the antibody can efficiently bind to at least one of the labeled enzymes. Second, I determined crystallization conditions for the ligand binding antibody fragment. This thesis sets the stage for structure determination and to test whether this antibody can work in vivo to enrich for RNA binding proteins involved in the delivery of non-genetic information to cells.

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The resistance of Palmer amaranth (PA) and the tolerance (natural resistance) of pitted morningglory (PM) to glyphosate have made these species among the most common and troublesome weeds in the southeastern U.S. since the adoption of glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. Populations of GR PA (R1 and R2) were identified in Mississippi. The inheritance of glyphosate resistance was examined in reciprocal crosses (RC) between glyphosate-resistant (R) and -susceptible (S) parents (Female-S × Male-R, S/R, and Female-R × Male-S, R/S), and second reciprocal crosses (2RC) (Female-S/R × Male-S/R, S/R//S/R, and Female-R/S × Male-R/S, R/S//R/S). Dose-response assays resulted in 17- to 4old resistance to glyphosate compared with S. Population S accumulated 325- and 8-times more shikimate at the highest glyphosate dose than in R1 and R2, respectively. cDNA sequence analysis of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene indicated no target site mutation. Genomes of R1, R2, RC, and 2RC contained from 1- to 59old more copies of EPSPS gene than S; EPSPS was highly expressed in R1 and R/S, but was poorly expressed in S, S/R, and R2. EPSPS activity was lower in S and S/R than in R and R/S, glyphosate absent; all were inhibited by glyphosate. Western Blot analysis confirmed an increased EPSPS protein level to EPSPS copy number correlation. Thus, the level of resistance was decidedly influenced by the direction of the cross. R and S female plants were reproductively isolated and seed were still produced, suggesting that PA can produce seed both apomictically and sexually (facultative apomixis). This mode of reproduction determined the low copy number inheritance, as well as guaranteeing the GR trait stability in the R populations. Dose-response assays resulted in 2.6old variability in tolerance to glyphosate between the most tolerant (MT) and the least tolerant (LT) PM populations. The level of tolerance positively correlated with the time of exposure to GR-crop system. Less shikimate was recovered in MT as compared to LT. Levels of aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were not different between populations and sarcosine was not present in either populations. Consequently, metabolism of glyphosate to AMPA or sarcosine is not a common factor in explaining natural resistance levels.