Workshop "Netz- und Service-Infrastrukturen" Der Vortrag beleuchtete den Gedanken einer Instant-Messenger Infrastruktur für die Uni und den sich daraus ergebenden Möglichkeiten, Problemen sowie offenen Fragen.

<p>Studies of modern communication media such as Cell Phones and so called Instant Messengers are popular today. This study focused on these modern techniques, focused on parents as a target group and on what is important for them in everyday communication.</p><p>By exploratory using three focus groups it became clear that the children, and the link to them was the absolute most important thing for the parents. It became clear that this link to a great extent today exists through the mobile phone.</p><p>In a following study a Mobile Instant Messenger called My Friends was introduced. It was used by two families during two weeks to see how it would change the communication within the family. The focus was to see how problems with availability were handled, it turned out that:</p><p>My friends had a more obvious way of indicating availability than the Cell Phone had. It was also consulted before making contact through other media.</p><p>Emphasis was also put to find out what kind of communication the different media; phone call (Cell Phone), texting and Instant Messenger supports. It showed that three variables seemed to be important when choosing media:</p><p>• the haste of the business</p><p>• the goal of the business</p><p>• the need for precision</p><p>The bigger knowledge two people had of each other the more the latter was affected but the first two were unaffected.</p> / <p>Studier av moderna kommunikationsmedia som mobiltelefonen och så kallade Instant Messengers är populära idag. Denna studie fokuserade på dessa moderna tekniker, och koncentrerade sig på målgruppen föräldrar, och vad som är viktigt för dem i deras vardagskommunikation.</p><p>Genom att först i explorativt syfte använda tre fokusgrupper framkom det att barnen, och länken till dem, var det absolut viktigaste för föräldrarna. Det framgår i studien att länken till barnen idag till stor del finns genom mobiltelefonen.</p><p>I en andra studie introducerades en mobil Instant Messenger kallad My Friends. Denna användes av två familjer under två veckors tid för att se hur den rådande kommunikationen inom familjen förändrades.</p><p>Här fokuserades det på hur problem med tillgänglighet löstes, och det visade sig att:</p><p>My Friends hade ett tydligare sätt att visa tillgänglighet än mobiltelefonen, och den konsulterades ibland även när den faktiska kommunikationen skedde genom andra media.</p><p>Stor emfas lades också på att utröna vilken typ av kommunikation de olika medierna mobiltelefoni, SMS och Instant Messenger stödjer. Det visade sig att tre variabler verkar vara viktiga när val av kommunikationsmedia görs:</p><p>• ärendets brådska</p><p>• ärendets mål</p><p>• behov av exakthet</p><p>Ju större kännedom två personer hade om varandra desto mer påverkades den senare medan de två föregående förblev oförändrade.</p>

Studies of modern communication media such as Cell Phones and so called Instant Messengers are popular today. This study focused on these modern techniques, focused on parents as a target group and on what is important for them in everyday communication. By exploratory using three focus groups it became clear that the children, and the link to them was the absolute most important thing for the parents. It became clear that this link to a great extent today exists through the mobile phone. In a following study a Mobile Instant Messenger called My Friends was introduced. It was used by two families during two weeks to see how it would change the communication within the family. The focus was to see how problems with availability were handled, it turned out that: My friends had a more obvious way of indicating availability than the Cell Phone had. It was also consulted before making contact through other media. Emphasis was also put to find out what kind of communication the different media; phone call (Cell Phone), texting and Instant Messenger supports. It showed that three variables seemed to be important when choosing media: • the haste of the business • the goal of the business • the need for precision The bigger knowledge two people had of each other the more the latter was affected but the first two were unaffected. / Studier av moderna kommunikationsmedia som mobiltelefonen och så kallade Instant Messengers är populära idag. Denna studie fokuserade på dessa moderna tekniker, och koncentrerade sig på målgruppen föräldrar, och vad som är viktigt för dem i deras vardagskommunikation. Genom att först i explorativt syfte använda tre fokusgrupper framkom det att barnen, och länken till dem, var det absolut viktigaste för föräldrarna. Det framgår i studien att länken till barnen idag till stor del finns genom mobiltelefonen. I en andra studie introducerades en mobil Instant Messenger kallad My Friends. Denna användes av två familjer under två veckors tid för att se hur den rådande kommunikationen inom familjen förändrades. Här fokuserades det på hur problem med tillgänglighet löstes, och det visade sig att: My Friends hade ett tydligare sätt att visa tillgänglighet än mobiltelefonen, och den konsulterades ibland även när den faktiska kommunikationen skedde genom andra media. Stor emfas lades också på att utröna vilken typ av kommunikation de olika medierna mobiltelefoni, SMS och Instant Messenger stödjer. Det visade sig att tre variabler verkar vara viktiga när val av kommunikationsmedia görs: • ärendets brådska • ärendets mål • behov av exakthet Ju större kännedom två personer hade om varandra desto mer påverkades den senare medan de två föregående förblev oförändrade.

A utilização da Internet cresceu amplamente nos últimos anos e tem propiciado o desenvolvimento de diversas ferramentas de comunicação via web. Têm se destacado, de maneira especial, as ferramentas que possibilitam a disponibilização online de conteúdos diversos, criados pelos próprios usuários, como as wikis. O sucesso obtido pelas wikis deve-se, em grande parte, à pequena quantidade de esforço necessário para a edição das páginas, indicando que esta característica é muito apreciada pelos usuários. Visando tornar o processo de edição de wikis ainda mais ágil, este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de como os mensageiros instantâneos podem auxiliar nesta tarefa. Assim, uma nova nova forma de interação no processo de edição de wikis, por meio de Mensageiro Instantâneo, foi projetada e implementada. Essa forma de interação proposta altera a forma de interação com wikis convencional, no sentido de possibilitar que o autor do conteúdo a ser editado na wiki não necessite mudar de seu ambiente de comunicação, que atualmente tem sido muito utilizado, o de troca de mensagens por meio do mensageiro instantâneo. Além disso, esta pesquisa possibilitou a identificação de diversas vantagens e desvantagens da utilização de bots de mensageiros instantâneos, encontradas na literatura, bem como durante os experimentos e estudos de caso realizados / The Internet usage has grown significantly in recent years and has fomented the development of several communication tools via web. Tools that make available the various online contents created by the users, such as wikis should be especially highlighted. The success achieved by wikis is due in large extent to the small amount of effort required to edit pages. This is an indicator that this feature is very appreciated by users. In order to make the editing process of wikis even faster, this work presents a proposal of using integrated Instant Messaging tools features with wikis. Thus, a new means of interaction in the process of editing in wikis, via Instant Messenger, was designed and implemented. This proposed means of interaction augments the way of interaction with conventional wikis, by enabling authors to edit the wiki content without having to shift from his/her communication environment in use. This proposal is supported by the fact that Instant Messaging systems have been widely used and adopted. Moreover, this research provides evidences to help the identification of advantages and disadvantages of the use of bots in Instant Messaging, from the results of the experiments and case studies conducted

A utilização da Internet cresceu amplamente nos últimos anos e tem propiciado o desenvolvimento de diversas ferramentas de comunicação via web. Têm se destacado, de maneira especial, as ferramentas que possibilitam a disponibilização online de conteúdos diversos, criados pelos próprios usuários, como as wikis. O sucesso obtido pelas wikis deve-se, em grande parte, à pequena quantidade de esforço necessário para a edição das páginas, indicando que esta característica é muito apreciada pelos usuários. Visando tornar o processo de edição de wikis ainda mais ágil, este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de como os mensageiros instantâneos podem auxiliar nesta tarefa. Assim, uma nova nova forma de interação no processo de edição de wikis, por meio de Mensageiro Instantâneo, foi projetada e implementada. Essa forma de interação proposta altera a forma de interação com wikis convencional, no sentido de possibilitar que o autor do conteúdo a ser editado na wiki não necessite mudar de seu ambiente de comunicação, que atualmente tem sido muito utilizado, o de troca de mensagens por meio do mensageiro instantâneo. Além disso, esta pesquisa possibilitou a identificação de diversas vantagens e desvantagens da utilização de bots de mensageiros instantâneos, encontradas na literatura, bem como durante os experimentos e estudos de caso realizados / The Internet usage has grown significantly in recent years and has fomented the development of several communication tools via web. Tools that make available the various online contents created by the users, such as wikis should be especially highlighted. The success achieved by wikis is due in large extent to the small amount of effort required to edit pages. This is an indicator that this feature is very appreciated by users. In order to make the editing process of wikis even faster, this work presents a proposal of using integrated Instant Messaging tools features with wikis. Thus, a new means of interaction in the process of editing in wikis, via Instant Messenger, was designed and implemented. This proposed means of interaction augments the way of interaction with conventional wikis, by enabling authors to edit the wiki content without having to shift from his/her communication environment in use. This proposal is supported by the fact that Instant Messaging systems have been widely used and adopted. Moreover, this research provides evidences to help the identification of advantages and disadvantages of the use of bots in Instant Messaging, from the results of the experiments and case studies conducted

Abstract Enabled by the development of information technologies, telecommuting and telework have been incorporated into organizations for around 30 years. However, there still exists resistance to this work arrangement, particularly from middle-level managers. Formal knowledge about how to manage telework is needed to keep the managers better informed. I conducted a qualitative exploratory study to investigate how managers exercise controls in the telework environment and examined the role of the use of information technologies in organizational controls in this work environment. Based on interview data with people from two work groups that participate in telework program, I found that the managers exercise a portfolio of controls that consist all four documented control forms (outcome, behavior, clan and self control), and controlling the employees’ adoption and use of information technologies is a new form of behavior control in the telework environment.

Although a substantial body of research exists on gender differences in Computer Mediated Communication, relatively little empirical attention has been directed toward the special case of CMC - Instant Messenger (IM) and the area of self-disclosure. This study analyzes gender differences and relationships in self-disclosure in the away message of MSN of 329 male and female Taiwanese university students. Applying the five subscales of self-disclosure by Wheeless and Grotz (Wheeless, 1978; Wheeless & Grotz, 1976) and the six topic areas of self-disclosure by Jourard and Lasakow (1958) revealed the following results: Findings show that males and females often do not show the gender differences anymore, which were previously found in face-to-face communication on certain aspects of self-disclosure e.g. frequency, depth, breadth, honesty or accuracy and valence of self-disclosure. However, findings pointing out the different motives and the use of self-disclosure on IM are similar to face-to-face communication, such as females prefer discussing their “personality” while male MSN users prefer “work or studies” especially the more buddies they have. Also males disclose with awareness and intention suggesting the make use of selective self-presentation (Walther, 1996) for rather males than females. Female MSN users write more impulsively in their away message, however they are found to be more selective than males in to whom they chose to disclose or not by blocking buddies. The number of buddies on the buddy list seems to have hardly any effect on males’ and females’ self-disclosure. The gender of buddies on the buddy list as a moderating factor showed that males feel more comfortable (honest and less understated) when disclosing to females. Extra findings include that for both gender self-disclosures on IM is not less honest and not exaggerated, rather understated. Previous findings in face-to-face communication on preferred topics of self-disclosure of both genders of Asian background were confirmed on IM. On IM, self-disclosure by males and females seem to be free of the importance of the degree of social distance within Chinese society as hardly any primary groups and secondary groups but almost only mixed groups of buddies on buddy lists were found.

The current report reviews the recent literature on online social networking (Facebook and MySpace) and its psychological impact on students. Both the negative and positive effects of online social networking are explored. According to the literature, cyberbullying and sexting have the greatest negative impact on students. However, students greatly benefit from the social capital and friendship maintenance that online social networking provides. Intervention and prevention strategies for the negative consequences of online social networking are included. Finally, this report provides suggestions for counselors and teachers to help students safely use technology. / text

[pt] Dados do Ibope e do Indicador de Analfabetismo Funcional (Inaf) de 2012 revelam que, no Brasil, existem aproximadamente 14 milhões de analfabetos absolutos e um pouco mais de 35 milhões de analfabetos funcionais. Segundo estatísticas, o Brasil é o terceiro país do mundo em tempo gasto na internet, sendo mais da metade em mídias sociais. Nesse contexto, as atividades diárias se direcionam a comunicações baseadas em texto, e a falta de capacidade de leitura e escrita torna-se obstáculo ainda mais significativo para os adultos que apresentam nenhum ou baixos níveis de letramento. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa procurou responder à seguinte indagação: como se configura a experiência de uso e consumo das redes sociais e comunicadores instantâneos por indivíduos com baixo letramento? Para tal, realizou-se um estudo qualitativo exploratório, baseado em entrevistas pessoais com 22 adultos com Ensino Fundamental incompleto. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, foi possível perceber a estigmatização sofrida por esses indivíduos devido às suas limitações, assim como as estratégias de combate adotadas por eles, como a preferência por postagem de fotos e mensagens de voz. Pode-se sugerir que as novas formas de comunicação instantânea promovem uma certa liberdade para se cometer erros de gramática ou de pontuação que, muitas vezes, são atribuídos ao corretor automático dos dispositivos móveis. Outra evidência do baixo letramento é a preguiça de ler e escrever nas redes e nos comunicadores; o que os usuários chamam de textos grandes são, na verdade, considerados curtos segundo estudiosos de analfabetismo funcional no Brasil. / [en] Data from IBOPE and INAF 2012 reveals that, in Brazil, there are approximately 14 million full illiterate adults and a little more than 35 million functional illiterate individuals. According to statistics, Brazil is the third country in the world where users spend the most time online, which more than half of this time is spent on social media. Within this framework, as more daily functions move toward text-based electronic communication, reading literacy becomes even more important for adults who are illiterate or for those with low-literacy levels. Therefore, this research sought out to answer the following question: What kind of experience low-literacy individuals have with the social media and instant messengers usage and consumption? To this end, a qualitative exploratory study was created based on individual interviews with 22 adults with incomplete elementary education. Among the results, it was possible to notice the stigmatization suffered by these individuals due to their reading limitations as well as to some of their strategies to overcome the issue, such as sending audio instead of written messages or posting photos instead of texts on social media. It can be suggested that the new forms of instant communication promote freedom to make mistakes in grammar or punctuation that are often attributed to auto correctors of mobile devices. Another evidence of low-literacy is the laziness to read and write on social media and communicators - what users believe to be big reading are actually considered short reading according to specialists on Functional Illiteracy in Brazil.

寬頻網路發展的日趨成熟，讓即時通訊成為許多網路族開機後必使用之軟體，本研究乃運用「使用與滿足」理論，探討即時通訊使用者的使用動機、使用行為、使用滿足，以及三者之間的關係。 經由資料分析發現，使用者在使用即時通訊上，有三大使用動機因素，分別為「同儕交流動機」、「新奇娛樂動機」、「生活便利動機」；有三大使用活動因素，分別為「影音導向活動」、「訊息導向活動」、「文件導向活動」；有三大使用滿足因素，分別為「情緒管理滿足」、「關係維繫滿足」、「問題解決滿足」。本研究以使用動機因素為基礎，將樣本資料進行集群分析，結果獲得三大使用族群：「無的導向群」、「交際導向群」、「功能導向群」，再以統計檢定三大族群在「人口變項」、「使用行為」、「使用選擇」及「使用滿足」上的特徵差異描述。本研究亦發現即時通訊的兩大主流為MSN、Yahoo，兩者之使用人數即佔了有效樣本98.7%。 本研究的結果發現，三大族群在「使用動機」、「使用行為」上均有顯著的差異，但在「使用選擇」上則無顯示出特別的選擇偏好；三大族群的「使用動機」、「使用行為」與其「使用滿足」均有正向的關係，亦即是使用動機、使用行為表現得愈強烈，其所獲得之使用滿足也就愈強烈；另外，三大族群中選擇使用MSN、Yahoo的使用者，在「使用滿足」上亦呈現出不同的滿足情形。