L'ingénierie d'entreprise conçoit et met en application des projets d'amélioration de la structure et du fonctionnement des organisations de production de biens ou de services. Elle développe des démarches fondées sur la modélisation, en particulier la modélisation des processus métiers, pour assurer une qualité et une cohérence d'ensemble des projets. Aujourd'hui, la prise en compte du risque en ingénierie d'entreprise fait l'objet de nombreux développements, liés à un environnement perçu comme de plus en plus agressif et imprévisible. Des cadres de référence sont même publiés pour guider les entreprises dans ces nouvelles dimensions du pilotage de l'organisation autour du risque. Notre étude se consacre à la conception des processus métier dirigée par les risques comme une composante à part entière de l'ingénierie d'entreprise. Après avoir fait une synthèse des connaissances sur les univers du risque et des processus, un problème d'intégration de ces connaissances est formulé. Un cadre méthodologique pour le management intégré des risques et des processus est ainsi conçu et décrit. Il repose sur la coordination des cycles de vie de la gestion des risques et de la gestion des processus métier, sur la définition d'un cadre conceptuel unifié permettant d'identifier et de maîtriser les informations échangées entre eux, et enfin sur un langage de modélisation adapté à une description des situations et étendant les capacités d'un outil de modélisation du marché (ARIS Business Architect). Un cas d'études du domaine de la santé vient illustrer le bien fondé de l'application de ce cadre méthodologique sur un cas concret. / Enterprise engineering is concerned with the design of projects which aim to improve the structure and behaviour of organisations producing goods and services. It develops approaches based on modelling techniques, particularly on business process modelling in order to assure the quality and the global consistency of the project portfolio. Nowadays, risk consideration in enterprise engineering is a growing importance since the business environment is becoming more and more competitive and unpredictable. In fact, reference frameworks providing guidance for enterprise risk management are developed to tackle this. Our research focuses on risk driven business process design as an integral part of enterprise engineering. After delivering a synthesis of work related to risks and business processes, a research question concerning the integration of both has been addressed. A framework for the integrated management of risks and business processes is suggested. It is based on three components: a coordination of risk and business process management lifecycles, a unified conceptual framework supporting information exchanges between the coordinated lifecycles, and finally a modelling language adapted to the description of risky situations. The later extends the features of a commercial modelling tool (ARIS Business Architect). A case study from the health sector illustrates the foundation of the methodological framework.

Le Grand Sousse, partie orientale du gouvernorat de Sousse, abrite l'une des plus importantes métropoles régionales du pays, avec une concentration sur la frange littorale des activités humaines et économiques. L'explosion démographique et la généralisation de la desserte en eau potable en font un important foyer de consommation d'eau. Or cette région est aussi très marquée par l'aridité, cause principale de faibles ressources locales. Dépendante des régions voisines pour son approvisionnement en eau, le Grand Sousse mène depuis toujours une course au captage pour satisfaire des besoins grandissants. La stratégie politique traditionnelle de mobilisation et de transferts des ressources s'achevant, la gestion future préconise le recours intensif aux ressources non conventionnelles, telles les eaux usées traitées et les eaux dessalées. Il s'agit là d'un des principaux leviers d'intervention que le Grand Sousse peut promouvoir pour une "gestion intégrée" du système hydraulique, en plus d'une gestion de la demande axée sur les économies d'eau. La thèse a mobilisé des enquêtes directes sur un échantillon représentatif de ménages, d'unités industrielles et d'hôtels ; elles ont permis de dresser le bilan des actions menées dans le sens de cette nouvelle orientation, et de mieux comprendre les contraintes et obstacles rencontrés. La cartographique a été un outil indispensable à la représentation de cette inadéquation entre offre et demande en eau, du réseau d'approvisionnement et de distribution, et des composantes de la gestion future de l'eau. La démarche prospective permet de tirer la sirène d'alarme sur la menace que fait peser l'évolution tendancielle de la demande sur les équilibres socio-spatiaux, et se propose des solutions alternatives à cette évolution. / Grand Sousse, oriental part of Sousse governorate, shelters one of the most important regional metropolises of the country, with a concentration on the littoral fringe of the human and economic activities. The demographic explosion and the generalization of the sideboard in drinking water make an important home of water consumption. Now this region is also very marked by the aridity, the main cause of low local resources. Dependent on nearby regions for its water supply, Grand Sousse leads for a long time a running to the harnessing to satisfy growing needs. The traditional political strategy of mobilization and transfers of the resources ending, the future management recommends the extensive appeal to the not conventional resources, some treated waste water and desalinated waters. It is about one of the main control levers of intervention there which Grand Sousse can promote for an "integrated management" of the hydraulic system, besides a management of the demand centred on the savings of water. The thesis mobilized direct inquiries on a representative sample of households, industrial units and hotels; they allowed to draw up balance sheet actions led in the sense of this new orientation, and to understand better the constraints and the met obstacles. The cartographic was a tool indispensable to the representation of this inadequacy between supply and demand in water, the network of supply and distribution, and constituents of the future management of the water. The forward-looking approach allows pulling the air-raid siren at the threat that makes weigh the trend-setting evolution of the demand on the socio-spatial balances, and proposes alternative solutions of this evolution.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2015-12-08T17:21:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariamagalyheidenreichsilvabucci.pdf: 6945557 bytes, checksum: 764cca9116f0ee9884720c7c5a5e9668 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2015-12-09T13:46:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariamagalyheidenreichsilvabucci.pdf: 6945557 bytes, checksum: 764cca9116f0ee9884720c7c5a5e9668 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-09T13:46:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariamagalyheidenreichsilvabucci.pdf: 6945557 bytes, checksum: 764cca9116f0ee9884720c7c5a5e9668 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-29 / A Represa Dr. João Penido é o principal manancial de abastecimento humano de Juiz de Fora (MG). O ecossistema aquático vem sofrendo com o mau uso e ocupação das terras de sua bacia hidrográfica. A abundância de macrófitas em vários pontos do espelho d’água e nas regiões dos tributários indica processos de eutrofização. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram calcular o Índice de Qualidade da Água (IQA) e Índice de Estado Trófico (IET), investigar a presença de metais e agrotóxicos em cinco pontos de coleta na represa. Foram realizadas 4 amostragens para caracterizar o período seco e 4 para o chuvoso, no período entre 2011 e 2013. Os parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos analisados foram: temperatura, pH, oxigênio dissolvido (OD), fósforo total (PT), nitrato (NO3-), nitrito (NO2-), amônio (NH4+), nitrogênio total (NT), sólidos totais (ST), demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), cor, turbidez, condutividade, clorofila a, coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes; os metais investigados nas formas total e dissolvida foram: Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe, Na, K e Ca; os agrotóxicos foram aqueles definidos nas Portarias MS/GM 518/2004 e MS/GM 2.914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde. Houve predominância do IET “Mesotrófico” em todo o período observado e IQA “Bom” no período seco e “Médio” no chuvoso. A presença de metais na água é baixa, com exceção do Fe dissolvido que apresentou desconformidade com a Resolução CONAMA 357/2005 (BRASIL, 2005) em 27,5 %, de um total de 40 amostras analisadas. O Zn total extrapolou os limites legais em apenas uma amostra do ponto P2. Não foi constatada a presença de agrotóxicos no manancial, apesar das áreas de cultivo existentes na região. Espera-se que os estudos aqui apresentados possam contribuir para a implementação da Política Nacional dos Recursos Hídricos, possibilitando uma gestão integrada da bacia da represa, de forma a garantir a quantidade e qualidade da água oferecida para a população. / Dr. João Penido Reservoir is the main human supply source of Juiz de Fora (MG). The aquatic ecosystem has suffered from the bad use and occupation of the lands of their watershed. The abundance of macrophytes at various points of the water surface and in the tributaries regions indicates eutrophication processes. The objectives of this study were to calculate the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Trophic State Index (TSI), to investigate the presence of metals and agrotoxics in five sampling points in the dam. 4 samples were collected to characterize the dry period and 4 for rainy, between 2011 and 2013. The physical-chemical and microbiological parameters analyzed were: temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate ( NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), ammonium (NH4 +), total nitrogen (TN), total solids (TS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), color, turbidity, conductivity, chlorophyll a, total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms; the metals investigated in the total and dissolved forms were: Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe, Na, K and Ca; agrotoxics were those defined in Ordinances MS / GM 518/2004 and MS / GM 2914/2011 of the Ministry of Health. There was a predominance of the TSI "Mesotrophic" throughout the observed period and WQI "Good" in the dry season and "Medium" in rainy. The presence of metals in water is low, with the exception of dissolved Fe that had disagreement with CONAMA Resolution 357/2005 (BRAZIL, 2005) in 27.5% of a total of 40 of the samples. The total Zn has extrapolated the legal limits in just a sample of the P2 point. There was no presence of agrotoxics in the reservoir, despite the existing growing areas in the region. It is expected that the studies presented here may contribute to the implementation of the National Water Resources, enabling integrated management of the reservoir basin, to ensure the quantity and quality water offered to the population.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2016-06-23T14:59:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Dos Santos Pereira Campos.pdf: 2460024 bytes, checksum: 6317b67817bb3e38ae9a77cb0716aab8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T14:59:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Dos Santos Pereira Campos.pdf: 2460024 bytes, checksum: 6317b67817bb3e38ae9a77cb0716aab8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-03 / The objective of the research was to evaluate the performance of management of health care waste systems in hospitals organizations, in view of their managers. Indicators were created and developed a performance evaluation tool for the management of healthcare waste integrated with environmental management systems, occupational health and safety; to further identify the predominant model RSS management in each organization investigated. We used the method of multiple case study, through exploratory research, qualitative in nature. The main sources of evidence in the triangulation of data were: a semi-structured interview and the identification form the predominant model for assessing the RSS management systems in the hospital; structured questionnaires; documentary research, and direct non-participant observation conducted in selected health organizations. There was a content analysis, which had the category and subcategory dimensions (operational, administrative, environmental and financial) and parameters of the assessment tool proposed. The results indicated that all hospitals need improvement. The operational dimension presented greater relevance, while the financial dimension is the lowest maturity by limitations on resources. All hospitals investigated were classified as organizations with an RSS management, but need improvement. The RSS management goes beyond the implementation of an ideal management system for the proper management of RSS, as it is also necessary that the individual has commitment and values of citizenship and ethics, responsibility and solidarity in the exercise of their daily activities in this process. It is believed that this evaluation can help improve the GRSS, serving as instrumental for managers assess the management system of the RSS, with the support of prevailing models, favoring strategic decisions to improvements in all worked dimensions in an integrated way. / O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas de gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde em organizações hospitalares, na visão de seus gestores. Foram criados indicadores e desenvolvido um instrumento de avaliação de desempenho do gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde integrado com os sistemas de gestão ambiental, de saúde e segurança ocupacional; para posteriormente identificar o modelo preponderante de gerenciamento de RSS em cada organização investigada. Utilizou-se o método estudo de casos múltiplos, por meio de pesquisa tipo exploratória, de natureza qualitativa. As principais fontes de evidência na triangulação dos dados foram: a entrevista semiestruturada e o formulário de identificação do modelo preponderante para avaliação dos sistemas de gerenciamento de RSS no hospital; os questionários estruturados; a pesquisa documental e a observação direta não participante realizadas nas organizações de saúde selecionadas. Fez-se uma análise de conteúdo, que teve como categoria e subcategoria as dimensões (operacionais, administrativas, ambientais e financeiras) e parâmetros do instrumento de avaliação proposto. Os resultados indicaram que todos os hospitais necessitam de melhorias. A dimensão operacional apresentou maior relevância, enquanto que a dimensão financeira é a de menor maturidade pelas limitações dos recursos. Todos os hospitais pesquisados foram classificados como organizações que possuem um gerenciamento de RSS, mas necessitam aperfeiçoamento. O gerenciamento de RSS vai além da implantação de um sistema de gestão ideal para o manejo adequado dos RSS, pois é necessário também que o indivíduo tenha comprometimento e valores de cidadania e ética, responsabilidade e solidariedade no exercer de suas atividades cotidianas neste processo. Acredita-se que a presente avaliação possa auxiliar na melhoria do GRSS, servindo de instrumental para os gestores avaliarem o sistema de gerenciamento dos RSS, com o apoio dos modelos preponderantes, favorecendo decisões estratégicas, para a melhoria de todas as dimensões trabalhadas de forma integrada.

The aim of this thesis is to familiarize with tools used in quality management and with methods of their application and to apply some of the tools in a real company. Among these tools there are a handbook for integrated management system of QMS on the basis of standard EN ISO 9001:2008, EMS on the basis of standard EN ISO 14001:2005 and ČSN OHSAS 18001:2008, 5S system, process FMEA and application of Pareto analysis on complaints. All the tools are attached to the dissertation thesis in electronic appendixes.

Master’s thesis includes proposal for optimization of process in preparing integrated management system implementation in small construction company, which is related to prosperity of company. Solution coming-out from global and detailed analyses processes at company. Optimized processes will serve as basis for documentation of integrated management system, which means manual, directions process realization of product and consequently at implementation of integrated management system.

Im Sinne einer nachhaltigen und ganzheitlichen Firmenentwicklung lässt sich in der Unternehmenslandschaft ein Trend in Richtung einer kontinuierlichen Erweiterung des unternehmerischen Zielsystems beobachten. Neben etablierten Aspekten, wie dem Qualitätsmanagement und der Arbeitssicherheit, erlangen weitere Themen, wie beispielsweise das betriebliche Umwelt- und Energiemanagement, zunehmend an Bedeutung. Um die Berücksichtigung dieser Aspekte nachzuweisen, steht Unternehmen die Möglichkeit zur Zertifizierung nach funktionsspezifischen Managementsystemnormen offen. Die Einführung und Dokumentation entsprechender Managementsysteme erweist sich jedoch als ein zeitintensiver Prozess, dessen Schwierigkeit vor allem in der unternehmensspezifischen Interpretation der allgemein formulierten Normanforderungen liegt. Strebt ein Unternehmen die Zertifizierung nach mehreren Managementsystemnormen an, so eröffnet sich die Möglichkeit zur Integration der Managementsysteme. Allerdings sind auch die Aufgaben der Integration durch verschiedene Herausforderungen gekennzeichnet, die den Bedarf nach einer systematischen Unterstützung verdeutlichen. Im Bereich der Wirtschaftsinformatik haben sich konzeptuelle Modelle als Instrument zur zielorientierten und verständlichen Beschreibung komplexer Informationssysteme etabliert. Entsprechende Modelle können die Durchdringung und Kommunikation komplexer Sachverhalte durch eine zweckmäßige Abstraktion und Strukturierung vereinfachen und eine Überführung in Anwendungssoftware vorbereiten. Für die vorliegende Dissertation leitet sich unter Berücksichtigung dieser Aspekte folgende zentrale Forschungsfrage ab: Wie kann die konzeptuelle Modellierung bei den Aufgaben der Dokumentation und Integration standardisierter Managementsysteme unterstützen? Der Forschungsmethode des Design Science Research folgend, präsentiert die vorliegende Arbeit funktionsspezifische und funktionsunspezifische Artefakte, die bei der Dokumentation standardisierter Managementsysteme und deren Integration modellbasiert unterstützen. Die Anwendbarkeit der Artefakte wird anhand eines realen Anwendungsfalls demonstriert. Die Ausführungen der vorliegenden Arbeit basieren auf einer Analyse der Anforderungen nach ISO 9001 für Qualitätsmanagementsysteme, ISO 14001 für Umweltmanagementsysteme, ISO 50001 für Energiemanagementsysteme, OHSAS 18001 für Arbeitsschutz- und Arbeitssicherheitsmanagementsysteme sowie des durch die Internationale Organisation für Standardisierung veröffentlichten Annex SL.

Les systèmes de gestion intégrée en environnement et en santé et sécurité du travail (SGI) sont un nouveau paradigme de gestion dans les organisations modernes. Ces systèmes sont construits à partir des normes ISO 14001 et d’OHSAS 18001, basées sur la prévention des risques et le principe de précaution. La littérature sur les SGI témoigne d’un marasme conceptuel prédominant depuis plus de 10 ans; elle insiste sur l’urgence d’un consensus taxinomique et conceptuel afin de définir les systèmes de gestion intégrée et de différencier le mécanisme d’intégration de celui de l’implantation. Cette lacune conceptuelle enlise les connaissances dans un fossé épistémologique, retardant ainsi le débat dans ce nouveau champ d’études. Les rares connaissances dont nous disposons dans ce domaine proviennent de quelques études théoriques et de six études empiriques, toutes préoccupées par la compatibilité des multiples systèmes et des avantages économiques de leur intégration. Les évidences engendrées par ces études sont insuffisantes pour appréhender la dynamique du nouveau paradigme dont les effets demeurent peu connus. Cette situation révèle l’urgence d’agir dans un contexte où l’utilisation des SGI se multiplie, et où leur tendance à minimiser l’importance des risques devient de plus en plus préoccupante. Aucune étude ne s’est encore penchée sur l’implantation d’un SGI en environnement et en santé et sécurité du travail construit uniquement à partir des normes ISO 14001 et d’OHSAS 18001. Cette connaissance est importante pour expliquer les effets de tels systèmes. C’est dans cette perspective que nous avons réalisé cette première étude empirique d’un SGI selon les normes ISO 14001 et d’OHSAS 18001. Nos questions de recherche portent sur le mode, le degré d’implantation, les effets du SGI, ainsi que sur les facteurs contextuels qui interviennent pour expliquer les variations dans le degré d’implantation et les effets du SGI. Il s’agit d’une recherche à prélèvement qualitatif qui repose sur un devis d’étude de cas, avec des niveaux d’analyse imbriqués, et comportant une double visée descriptive et explicative. Notre échantillon, de type raisonné, regroupait trente-cinq intervenants provenant de différentes instances hiérarchiques ; il incluait également des représentants syndicaux. Notre échantillon était composé de 7 usines, accréditées aux normes ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, et dispersées dans différentes villes du Québec. Ces usines différaient tant par leur technologie, leur âge, leur taille, et leurs types de production. Nos données ont été recueillies en 2004; elles sont basées sur des entrevues semi dirigées, sur des observations directes lors de la visite des lieux; elles s’appuient aussi sur des consultations de documents internes et sur des outils électroniques implantés. La transcription des entrevues effectuée, le contenu des discours a été catégorisé selon les cinq dimensions du SGI: engagement, planification, mise en opération, contrôle et revue de la direction. Une condensation horizontale avait précédé l’analyse de chaque cas et l’analyse transversale des cas selon une approche à la fois inductive et déductive. Les résultats de notre recherche ont révélé deux modes d’implantation : le mode d’enrichissement et le mode de fusion. Ces modes dépendaient de la nature des structures fonctionnelles en place. La visée d’amélioration continue à la base du SGI n’avait pas réussi à concilier les approches traditionnelles bottom up et top down qui ont dominé cette implantation; son mécanisme était guidé par 4 types de stratégies : l’économie des ressources, le contrôle des forces d’influences, la stratégie des fruits faciles à cueillir et la stratégie à petits pas. Pour analyser le degré d’implantation, nous avons tenu compte de l’effort de structuration du SGI et de la force d’utilisation des processus implantés à chacune des cinq dimensions du SGI. Les résultats de notre recherche révèlent une variabilité certaine du degré d’implantation entre les usines d’une part, et entre les processus associés aux cinq dimensions du SGI d’autre part. L’analyse des discours a permis de produire cinq hypothèses qui soutiennent l’effort de structuration et la force d’utilisation du SGI: (i) l’hypothèse de la force de cohésion, (ii) l’hypothèse de la spécificité du processus, (iii) l’hypothèse de la portée du processus, (iv) l’hypothèse de la capacité organisationnelle, (v) l’hypothèse de l’acceptation du changement. L’implantation du SGI était soumise à l’influence de multiples facteurs; ils étaient de nature politique, structurelle et organisationnelle. Ces facteurs avaient agi sur le processus d’implantation en amorçant une cascade d’interactions au cours desquelles leurs forces d’influences se renforçaient, se neutralisaient ou s’additionnaient pour affecter le degré d’implantation. Les facteurs facilitant touchaient surtout l’effort de structuration ; ils incluaient : l’expérience des systèmes de gestion, l’implication de la direction, celle du syndicat ou du CSS, la structure organisationnelle, le niveau d’éducation, l’âge et la taille de l’usine. Quant aux facteurs contraignants, ils agissaient sur la force d’utilisation ; ils incluaient : la lourdeur procédurale, le manque de temps, le manque de formation, le manque de ressources, la culture organisationnelle, la structure organisationnelle, le fossé intergénérationnel, l’absence du syndicat et l’âge de l’usine. Trois effets proximaux escomptés par l’entreprise ont été observés. (i) La rigueur de la gestion était associée à l’application des exigences du SGI; elle touchait la gouvernance en environnement et en santé et sécurité du travail, les mécanismes de gestion et les procédés de production. (ii) La standardisation était reliée au mode d’implantation du SGI; elle concernait les pratiques, les outils, les méthodes de travail et l’organisation des ressources. (iii) La rupture des silos est un effet relié au mode d’implantation du SGI; elle touchait les structures départementales, les frontières professionnelles, les relations et climat de travail. Ces effets proximaux avaient provoqué plusieurs effets émergents, plus distaux: une augmentation du pouvoir de contrôle syndical, un renforcement de la légitimité des recommandations soumises par les spécialistes professionnels, la création de réseaux inter organisationnels et le transfert du savoir. L’implantation du SGI avait transformé la gouvernance et les pratiques en environnement et en santé et sécurité du travail dans les sept usines. Toutefois, elle ne semblait pas garantir l’immunité du processus de gestion des risques à l’environnement ni à la santé et sécurité du travail. Sa capacité à diluer les risques devait retenir l’attention des politiques de santé publiques et des programmes de prévention des risques à l’environnement et à la santé et sécurité du travail. L’amélioration de la gestion des risques demeurait un effet attendu non observé et soumis à des facteurs contextuels qui pourraient l’empêcher de se concrétiser. À cet égard, le transfert du savoir, renforcé par l’émergence des réseaux inter organisationnels, semblait offrir une avenue beaucoup plus prometteuse et accessible. C’est l’une des contributions de cette recherche. Elle a aussi (i) proposé une typologie des modes d’implantation et des effets du SGI (ii) préconisé une méthode détaillée d’une meilleure appréciation du degré d’implantation (iii) précisé le rôle des facteurs contextuels dans l’explication des variations du degré d’implantation et dans la production des effets, (iv) proposé des hypothèses sur la structuration et l’utilisation du SGI (v) offert une perspective plurielle et approfondie de la dynamique de l’implantation du SGI grâce à la variété de l’échantillon des répondants et des usines. Il s’agit de la première étude de terrain dans le domaine. À notre connaissance, aucune autre étude n’a eu de tels résultats. Mots Clés : ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, gestion intégrée, environnement, santé et sécurité du travail, risques environnementaux, risques en santé et sécurité du travail, analyse d’implantation, degré d’implantation, SGI, transfert du savoir. / Integrated environmental, health and safety management systems (IMS) are a new management paradigm of modern organizations. These systems are built mainly from the ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 norms, which are based on risk prevention and the precautionary principles. For the past ten years, the literature on IMS has been governed by a conceptual stagnation, which is now begging for a taxonomic consensus in order to define IMS, clarify both integration and implementation processes, and to move beyond structures to address processes. As a result, the knowledge about IMS has been embroiled in an epistemological ditch, thus delaying debates in this emerging field of study. Scarce publications about IMS come from a few theoretical papers and six empirical investigations, all preoccupied by systems compatibility and the economic advantages of management systems integration. Evidence generated by these studies is not sufficient to apprehend the dynamics of the new paradigm, whose effects remain little known about until now. This situation is becoming alarming in a context where the use of integrated environmental health and safety management systems is increasing and where these IMS are raising concerns about their capacity to minimize risk in one domain or another. So far, no study has investigated the implementation of integrated environmental health and safety management systems built from ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 norms. Such knowledge is cardinal to help explain the effects of such IMS. It is in this perspective that we have undertaken this first empirical study of an IMS built from ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001. Our research questions address the mode of implementation, the degree of implementation and the effects of the IMS, as well as the contextual factors whose influence on the implementation help explain the variations in the degree of implementation and the effects of the IMS. This qualitative inquiry uses a single case study with multiple levels of analysis. Our purposeful sample of thirty five participants was drawn from different levels of hierarchy, including union executives and representatives. Our purposeful sample of plants consisted of seven ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certified plants located in different cities in Quebec, Canada. These plants differed by their technology, their age, their size and their types of production. Our data were collected in 2004 from semi-directed interviews, direct observation during site visits, and consultation of documentation and assessment of functionalities of implemented management tools. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and their content was categorized based on the five dimensions of the IMS: commitment policy, planning, deployment, control and management review. Horizontal condensation preceded within case and transversal analysis, using both inductive and deductive approaches. Our results indicate two implementation modes: the enrichment mode and the fusion mode, both related to the functional structures in place. Despite its aim of continuous improvement, the IMS was unable to reconcile the two traditional approaches of top down and bottom up, which have dominated this implementation which was supported by four strategies: economy of resources, control of influence, low hanging fruits and the small steps strategy. In order to analyze the degree of the IMS implementation, we have taken into consideration two aspects of the process: The effort of structuring the IMS and the scope of utilization of the implemented processes. Our results showed evidence of variation in the degree of IMS implementation; this variation was observed among the plants as well as among the processes implemented at each one of the five IMS steps. The analysis of discourses has allowed the production of five hypotheses that support IMS structuring and utilization (i) Cohesion forces hypothesis (ii) Process specificity hypothesis (iii) Scope of process hypothesis (iv) Organizational readiness hypothesis (v) Acceptance of change hypothesis. IMS implementation was influenced by political, structural and organizational factors. These factors have played their influence by catalyzing non -linear interactions, during which their influence could be neutralized, added or reinforced, hence generating variations in the degree of implementation. Facilitating factors have affected the effort of IMS structuring and included: experience working with management system, upper management commitment, implication of union or of health and safety committee representatives, organizational structure, level of education, plant age and plant size. Inhibiting factors have affected mainly the utilization of implemented processes. These factors included: procedural heaviness, lack of time, lack of training, lack of resource, organizational culture, organizational structure, intergeneration gap and lack of union implication. Three proximal effects anticipated by the organization under study were observed. (i) Increase in the rigor of management is an effect which was associated with the application of IMS requirements. It implied EHS governance, integrated management mechanisms and production processes (ii) Standardization is an effect which was associated rather with the implementation mode. It implied EHS practices, tools, work methods and organization of resources. (iii) Rupture of departmental silo is an effect associated with the mode of implementation. It involved organizational structures, professional boundaries and the working relations and climate. These proximal effects have induced several emerging effects, which were more distal. These were: increased control power of the union; increased legitimacy of recommendations by EHS professionals; creation of inter-organizational network and knowledge transfer. The implementation of an integrated management system in environment, occupational health and safety has transformed EHS governance and practice in all seven plants. However, this was not sufficient to grant immunity to EHS risk management processes. The potential of IMS to dilute risks should be of concern to public health policies, as well as to risk prevention programs on environment and on occupational health and safety. Improvement of EHS risk management was an expected effect but was not observed at the moment of our study. Several contextual factors may have intervened to alter its occurrence. To this regard, knowledge transfer, reinforced by the emergence of intra-organizational networks, seem to offer a very promising and affordable alternative. This is one of the contributions of our study research, which, in addition has (i) proposed a nomenclature to classify the modes of implementation and effects of IMS (ii) proposed a detailed method to appreciate the degree of implementation (iii) stated the roles played by contextual factors in explaining variations in the degree of IMS implementation and in the production of effects (iv) proposed a hypothesis on IMS structuring and utilization (v) through the diversity of our sample, offered a plural and sound perspective on the dynamics of IMS implementation. This is the first field study of this new paradigm. To our knowledge, no other study has produced such results. Keywords : ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, integrated management system, IMS, environment, Occupational Health and Safety, environmental risks, occupational health and safety risks, implementation analysis, implementation level, knowledge transfer.

L’implantation répandue de nouveaux quartiers résidentiels sur le territoire de la périphérie urbaine est en partie responsable de la baisse du couvert végétal et de l’augmentation des surfaces imperméables à grande échelle. Les villes sont maintenant aux prises avec une augmentation constante de la production de ruissellement qu'elles doivent gérer au moyen d’un vaste réseau d’égouts et de canalisations. Des données sur les impacts de ces modèles de quartier résidentiel nous révèlent que cette forme d’habitat provoque la dégradation des milieux naturels et aquatiques. La présente étude vise à mettre à l’épreuve la stratégie d’aménagement de l’Open space design en comparant l’effet de trois situations d’aménagement d’ensembles résidentiels sur le coefficient de ruissellement pondéré (Cp). Les trois situations étudiées sont 1 : le développement actuel tel que conçu par le promoteur, 2 : un scénario de quartier visant la préservation des cours d’eau existants ainsi qu’une réduction des lots et des surfaces imperméables et 3 : un quartier avec des types d’habitation plus denses. Les coefficients pondérés obtenus sont respectivement de 0,50 pour le quartier actuel, de 0,40 pour le scénario 1 et de 0,34 pour le scénario 2. Au terme de cet exercice, il apparaît, d’une part, que la densification du bâti, la nature des surfaces et l’organisation spatiale peuvent concourir à diminuer la production de ruissellement d’un quartier. Cette étude permet de situer l’importance de la gestion du ruissellement dans la planification et l’aménagement du territoire. / The widespread introduction of new residential developments in the urban periphery is partly responsible for declining vegetation cover and a large scale increase in impervious surfaces. Cities are now grappling with a constant increase in runoff, which they have to manage through a vast network of sewers and drains. Data on the impacts of current residential models reveal that this form of development causes the degradation of natural and aquatic environments. The present study aims to test Open space design strategy by comparing the effect of three development situations on the weighted runoff coefficient (Cw). The three situations are 1: the actual development as conceived by the project’s promoter; 2: development aimed at preserving existing streams, reducing lot sizes and impervious surfaces; and 3: a higher-density cluster development plan. The weighted coefficients obtained are 0.50 for scenario 1, 0.40 for scenario 2 and 0.34 for scenario 3. As a result, it appears that the density of the structures, the nature of the surfaces and the spatial organization can all contribute to reducing the runoff in a given area. This study underlines the importance of runoff management in planning and land use.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar as experiências dos profissionais de saúde da estratégia saúde da família (ESF) para o acompanhamento de crianças menores de cinco anos de idade com asma, na perspectiva do cuidado integral à saúde, fornecendo subsídios para a atenção primária em saúde da criança. Os objetivos específicos foram: descrever o perfil sociodemográfico dos profissionais na estratégia saúde da família nas unidades investigadas; descrever os sinais e sintomas, as medidas preventivas e promocionais e o tratamento relacionado à asma em crianças que os profissionais de saúde relatam na ESF; identificar e analisar as experiências dos profissionais de saúde no acompanhamento da saúde de crianças menores de cinco anos de idade com asma no contexto da ESF, na perspectiva do cuidado integral em saúde. Estudo descritivo e exploratório com análise qualitativa dos dados, desenvolvido em Ribeirão Preto-SP, em quatro unidades com ESF, selecionadas com base no número de crianças até cinco anos de idade cadastradas e em acompanhamento, a partir de dados do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica. Os participantes foram 25 profissionais de saúde (médicos, enfermeiros, auxiliares e técnicos de enfermagem e agentes comunitários de saúde), que estavam trabalhando nas unidades há pelo menos um ano, após aprovação em comitê de ética em pesquisa. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas e individuais e a análise dos dados foi pautada na análise temática. Os resultados trazem aspectos relevantes sobre o acompanhamento da saúde da criança, destacando elementos da organização da assistência à criança na ESF, do tratamento medicamentoso e não medicamentoso, do seguimento especializado e das relações com a família no cuidado cotidiano da criança com asma. No cuidado em saúde o diálogo é fundamental, com construção da empatia, confiança, vínculo e co-responsabilidade entre os profissionais e as mães e famílias, buscando o alcance da adesão, um tratamento eficaz, a promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida da criança e sua família. Assim, são muito importantes as ações de promoção, prevenção, tratamento e reabilitação da saúde da criança, centradas na continuidade e integralidade da assistência. / This study aimed to analyze the experiences of health professionals from the Family Health Strategy (FHS) regarding the monitoring of children under five years old with asthma from the perspective of comprehensive health care, providing support for children\'s primary health care. The specific objectives were: to describe the sociodemographic profile of professionals in family health strategy in the units investigated; to describe the signs and symptoms, preventive and promotional measures and treatment related to asthma in children that health professionals report in the family health strategy; to identify and analyze the experiences of health professionals in monitoring the health of children under five years old with asthma in the context of the family health strategy from the perspective of comprehensive health care. This descriptive and exploratory study with qualitative data analysis was developed in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, in four Family Health Strategy Units, selected based on the number of children under five years old registered and monitored from data Information System of Primary Care. Participants were 25 health professionals (physicians, nurses, nursing auxiliaries and technicians and community health workers) who were working in the units for at least one year, after the approval by the research ethics committee. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted and recorded and data analysis was based on thematic analysis. The results bring up relevant issues on children\'s health, highlighting elements of the organization of health care in the FHS, of the drug and non-drug treatment, of the specialized follow-up, and of the relations with the family in the daily care of children with asthma. In health care the dialogue is essential in building empathy, trust, bonding and co-responsibility between professionals and mothers and families, aiming the adhesion, an effective treatment, the health promotion and quality of life of the children and their family. Thus, actions in health promotion, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of child are very important, focusing on continuity and comprehensive care.