Os sistemas integrados de gestão, originalmente conhecidos como ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), provocam grandes impactos nas organizações em que são implementados. Os efeitos, tanto de natureza positiva em termos de benefícios, contribuições e vantagens que o sistema pode proporcionar, quanto negativos, no que se refere às dificuldades, barreiras e problemas enfrentados na implementação do sistema, assim como os desafios que se impõem com a adoção e uso do ERP, têm sido discutidos em diferentes estudos. No entanto, grande parte das pesquisas que tratam dos efeitos e impactos decorrentes da adoção dos sistemas ERP tem focado os processos e resultados de implementações realizadas em empresas de grande porte, apesar da participação crescente das pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) na aquisição desse tipo de sistema. Considerando as características específicas e diferenciadas das PMEs em relação às empresas de grande porte, o crescente interesse dos fornecedores de ERP nesse segmento de empresas e o aumento da participação do segmento das PMEs na aquisição de sistemas integrados de gestão, este estudo foi conduzido com o propósito de responder à seguinte questão: Como se desenvolve o processo de implementação de ERP em PMEs? Utilizando a estratégia de pesquisa estudo de caso, do tipo único e incorporado, analisou-se o processo de implementação de um sistema ERP em empresa do setor da construção civil, enquadrada como de pequeno porte, de acordo com os critérios dos fornecedores de ERP, e de porte médio, se considerados os demais parâmetros vigentes no Brasil. O estudo teve como propósito investigar como se desenvolveu o processo de implementação do sistema ERP na empresa pesquisada tomando por base as seguintes proposições teóricas: contexto da empresa antes da adoção do ERP, fatores que levaram à adoção do ERP, impactos e efeitos da implementação do ERP, dificuldades e problemas enfrentados na sua implementação, vantagens e desvantagens obtidas com o ERP, desafios que se impuseram com sua adoção, acrescentando-se ainda o nível de satisfação da empresa com o sistema ERP. As evidências, obtidas neste estudo de caso, permitiram constatar que alguns aspectos relevantes, presentes no processo de implementação de ERP na empresa pesquisada, confirmam aspectos já observados em estudos anteriores, outros se apresentam de forma diferente, alguns não condizem com o que diz a literatura, constatando-se, também, alguns aspectos novos, ainda não mencionados pela literatura que trata do assunto. / Integrated Management Systems, originally known as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) provoke massive impact in the companies where they are implemented. The effects, both positive - benefits, contributions and advantages, and negative - difficulties, barriers and problems faced along implementation, as well as the challenges posed by the execution and use of ERP, have been discussed in many studies. However, much of the research on the effects and the impact resulting from the adoption of ERP has focused on processes and results derived from the implementation of that system in large enterprises, in spite of the increasing participation of small and medium size businesses (SMEs) in the acquisition of such system. Considering that: SMEs display distinctive characteristics from the larger enterprises; suppliers have shown increasing interest on this segment; there has been a swell in the participation of these enterprises in the acquisition of integrated enterprise systems, this work aimed at answering the following question: How does the ERP implementation process take place in SMEs? Case study of the type unique and incorporated was the kind of research chosen to investigate the implementation process of an ERP system in a construction enterprise considered small according to ERP suppliers criteria, and medium size if Brazilian current parameters are to be taken into account. The study aimed at investigating the way the process evolved in the above-mentioned enterprise, based on the following theoretical proposition: enterprise context prior to the adoption of ERP; difficulties and troubles faced along implementation; advantages and disadvantages obtained through ERP; challenges imposed by its implementation; level of satisfaction of the enterprise with the system. The evidence allowed us to ascertain that: some relevant aspects present in the process of implementation of ERP validate facts already observed in previous studies, some others consubstantiate differences, some do not comply with the present written material available, and some are new aspects, still not mentioned in studies on the subject.

O presente trabalho identifica, caracteriza e analisa os requisitos normativos para o desenvolvimento e a implementação de um sistema de gestão da qualidade em instalações e atividades nucleares brasileiras. Os requisitos estabelecidos nas normas IAEA GS-R-3, IAEA GS-G-3.1, IAEA DS 349, NBR ISO 9001:2000 e CNEN-NN-1.16 são analisados criticamente. Uma matriz de correspondência entre as normas aplicáveis é apresentada e são identificados os tópicos relacionados entre elas. As normas IAEA GS-R- 3, IAEA GS-G-3.1 e IAEA DS 349 definem requisitos genéricos para estabelecer, implementar, avaliar e melhorar continuamente um sistema integrado de gestão em instalações e atividades nucleares nos países membros da IAEA. A NBR ISO 9001:2000 estabelece requisitos genéricos para a implementação de um sistema de gestão da qualidade em organizações de todos os tipos. A norma CNEN-NN-1.16 estabelece os requisitos regulamentares para sistemas e programas de garantia da qualidade de instalações nucleares, para o licenciamento e operação destas instalações no Brasil. A norma IAEA GS-R-3 que substitui o código IAEA 50-C-Q introduz o conceito de \"Sistema Integrado de Gestão\" para a área nuclear, em preferência aos conceitos de \"Garantia da Qualidade\" e \"Gestão da Qualidade\". Esta nova abordagem acompanha a tendência atual de incorporar requisitos de segurança, saúde, meio ambiente, proteção física, qualidade, econômicos e outros em um único sistema de gestão. Exemplos de sistemas de gestão da qualidade implementados por organizações nucleares brasileiras e por organizações nucleares de outros países são analisados e considerados na discussão dos resultados do trabalho. / The present work identifies, characterizes and analyses the normative requirements for the development and implementation of quality management systems in Brazilian nuclear installations and activities. The requirements established in standards IAEA GS-R-3, IAEA GS-G-3.1, IAEA DS 349, NBR ISO 9001:2000 e CNEN-NN-1.16 are critically analyzed. A correlation matrix of the applicable standards is presented and the related topics among them are identified. The standards IAEA GS-R-3, IAEA GS-G-3.1 and IAEA DS 349 define general requirements for establishing, implementing, assessing and continually improving an integrated management system in nuclear installations and activities, in IAEA member countries. The standard NBR ISO 9001:2000 establishes general requirements for the implementation of a quality management system in all kinds of organizations. The standard CNEN NN-1.16 establishes the regulating requirements for the quality assurance systems and programs of nuclear installations, for licensing and authorization for operation of these installations in Brazil. The standard IAEA GS-R-3 that replaces the code IAEA 50-C-Q introduces the concept of \"Integrated Management System\" for the nuclear area, in preference to the concepts of \"Quality Assurance\" and \"Quality Management\". This new approach is aligned with the current tendency incorporating requirements of quality, safety, health, environment, security, economics and other in a unique management system. Examples of quality management systems implemented by Brazilian nuclear organizations and by nuclear organizations outside Brazil are analyzed and considered in the discussion of results.

Submitted by Marilene Donadel (marilene.donadel@unioeste.br) on 2019-03-25T16:13:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiani_Bianco_2018.pdf: 5463183 bytes, checksum: 623edce81df00dd24349d6ce63dfc11f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-25T16:13:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiani_Bianco_2018.pdf: 5463183 bytes, checksum: 623edce81df00dd24349d6ce63dfc11f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The problem of urban solid waste management (RSU) is a topic of worldwide concern, and has been treated as a priority, since equating excessive generation and final disposal of environmentally sound waste is one of the major challenges facing modern society. Thus, the RSUs are correctly managed as a challenge / goal to be achieved, in order to minimize the negative impacts caused by the generation of waste from various generating sources. In view of the above, this thesis aimed to propose a model of MSW management differentiated, in the stages of collection, transportation, treatment and recovery of waste, capable of meeting the legal prerogatives in economic, social and environmental context, and that allows the implantation of an economic model that generates wealth, employment and income in a sustainable environment in the municipalities of the Western Mesoregion of Paraná. For that, the methodological procedures included the execution of six stages, namely: 1) Characterization of the sources of RSU in the western mesoregion of Paraná; 2) Estimation of the potential of RSU generation in the municipalities of the Western Mesoregion of Paraná, during the years 1980 to 2030; 3) Evaluation of the execution of the National Solid Waste Policy as of the enactment of Federal Law No. 12,3052010; 4) Prospecting of methods, processes and technologies for the collection, transport, treatment and use of MSW; 5) Presentation of the MSW management model that allows the consolidation of an economic and sustainable system based on the MSW industrialization based on the economic, social and environmental specificities of the municipalities of the West of Paraná; 6) Consolidation and systematization of results. The results showed that only 12% of the municipalities of the Western Mesoregion of Paraná presented, through the construction of the Indicator of Sustainable Regional Development, a dynamic relationship in their productive base with economic, social and environmental advances. However, given the potential increase in the generation capacity of the MSW in the region, which was estimated at around 41%, it was identified that the 50 municipalities had a daily solid waste generation potential of 595.6 ton/day, in 1980, to 841.5 ton/day, in 2030. Thus, it was evidenced that there is inability to comply with Federal Law No. 12.305/2010, where 63% of the municipalities of the West of Paraná do not have the capacity economic, financial and technical / intellectual staff capable of handling the costs of managing and maintaining the correct level of waste management. This result is mainly due to the application of PNRS guidelines and targets in the municipalities of the West of Paraná through individualized solutions (landfills and / or controlled landfills), which become sources of economic and financial problems for the municipal administrations, as well as in the unfeasible possibility of meeting all the determinations in effect in PNRS / 2010. This scenario also occurs when one intends to establish only one intermunicipal waste management consortium capable of serving the 50 municipalities in the region, since a total investment of R $ 936.28 million would be necessary considering the amount of waste generated in the region, by 2030. Thus, the feasible, economical, social and environmentally adequate solution to waste management in the municipalities of the West of Paraná is the use of three Integrated Systems of Solid Urban Waste Management (SIGRSU), which should be implanted in the Microregions of Cascavel, Foz do Iguaçu and Toledo. Thus, the implementation of this new MSW management model, based on differentiated methods and technologies, has demonstrated the technical and economic viability of the proposal, in which urban solid waste becomes a cost factor and becomes an investment opportunity. In this scenario, the economic variable is one of the main attractions for individuals, while the impacts on the environment and society are also positive. Therefore, there is an environmental externality transformed into a source of opportunities for new business models, in which waste is considered as raw material and / or input of industrial processes, which will help in the sustainable and innovative development of the Meso-region under study, since it would be capable of generating income, from the implementation and development of new technologies, increase the useful life and reduce the need to increase the area for landfills and, thus, make the municipalities comply with the guidelines of Federal Law N ° 12.305/2010, of the PNRS. / O problema do gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) é tema de interesse mundial, e tem sido tratado como prioritário, uma vez que, equacionar a geração excessiva e disposição final e ambientalmente segura dos resíduos é um dos maiores desafios com que se defronta a sociedade moderna. Assim, denota-se a gestão correta dos RSUs como desafio/meta a ser alcançado, visando minimizar os impactos negativos causados pela geração dos resíduos de diversas fontes geradoras. Diante do exposto, a presente tese objetivou propor um modelo de gestão de RSU diferenciado, nas etapas de coleta, transporte, tratamento e aproveitamento de resíduos, capaz de atender as prerrogativas legais em âmbito econômico, social e ambiental, e, que possibilite a implantação de um modelo econômico gerador de riqueza, emprego e renda num ambiente sustentável nos municípios da Mesorregião Oeste do Paraná. Para tanto, os procedimentos metodológicos contemplaram a execução de seis etapas, sendo estas: 1) Caracterização das fontes geradoras de RSU na mesorregião Oeste do Paraná; 2) Estimação do potencial de geração dos RSU nos municípios da Mesorregião Oeste do Paraná, durante os anos de 1980 a 2030; 3) Avaliação da execuçãoimplantação da Política Nacional dos Resíduos Sólidos a partir da promulgação da Lei Federal N°12.3052010; 4) Prospecção dos métodos, processos e tecnologias para a coleta, transporte, tratamento e aproveitamento de RSU; 5) Apresentação do modelo de gestão de RSU diferenciado, que possibilite a consolidação de um sistema econômico e sustentável com base da industrialização dos RSU a partir das especificidades econômicas, sociais e ambientais dos municípios da Mesorregião Oeste do Paraná; 6) Consolidação e sistematização dos resultados. Os resultados demonstraram que apenas 12% dos municípios da Mesorregião Oeste do Paraná apresentaram, por meio da construção do Indicador de Desenvolvimento Regional Sustentável, dinâmica relação na sua base produtiva com avanços econômicos, sociais e ambientais. Contudo, dado o aumento potencial da capacidade de geração de RSU na região, que foi estimado na ordem de 41%, identificou-se que, os 50 municipios apresentaram um potencial de geração de RSU de um montante diário de 595,6 ton.dia, em 1980, para 841,5 ton.dia, em 2030. Assim, evidenciou-se que, há incapacidade no atendimento da Lei Federal N°12.305/2010, onde 63% dos municípios do Oeste do Paraná, não apresentam capacidade econômica, financeira e de corpo técnico/intelectual capaz de arcar com os custos de gestão e manutenção do correto nível de gerenciamento dos resíduos gerados. Tal resultado, deve-se, em maior parte dada a aplicação das diretrizes e metas da PNRS nos municípios do Oeste do Paraná por meio de soluções individualizadas (aterros sanitários e/ou controlados), as quais se transformam em fontes de problemas econômico-financeiros para as gestões municipais, bem como na inviável possibilidade de atendimento de todas as determinações vigentes na PNRS/2010. Tal cenário também se verifica quando se tem a intenção de implantar apenas um consórcio intermunicipal de gerenciamento de resíduos, capaz de atender aos 50 municípios da região, pois seria necessário um investimento total de R$936,28 milhões de reais, considerando o montante de resíduos gerados na região, até 2030. Assim, a solução viável, econômico, social e ambientalmente adequada a gestão de resíduos nos municípios do Oeste do Paraná é a utilização de três Sistemas de Gerenciamento Integrado de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (SIGRSU), os quais devem ser implantados nas Microrregiões de Cascavel, Foz do Iguaçu e Toledo. Assim, a implementação desse novo modelo de gestão dos RSU, baseado em métodos e tecnologias diferenciadas, demonstraram a viabilidade técnica e econômica da proposta, na qual os resíduos sólidos urbanos passam de um fator de custo e se tornam uma oportunidade de investimento. Nesse cenário, a variável econômica é um dos maiores atrativos para os indivíduos, ao mesmo tempo em que os impactos no meio ambiente e na sociedade são também positivos. Portanto, tem-se uma externalidade ambiental transformada em fonte de oportunidades de novos modelos de negócios, no qual os resíduos são considerados matérias-primas e/ou insumos de processos industriais, qual auxiliará no desenvolvimento sustentável e inovador da Mesorregião em estudo, pois seria capaz de gerar renda, a partir da implementação e desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, aumento da vida útil e redução da necessidade de aumento de área para aterros sanitários e, assim, fazer com que os municípios ficassem em conformidade com as diretrizes da Lei Federal N° 12.305/2010, do PNRS.

O presente trabalho identifica, caracteriza e analisa os requisitos normativos para o desenvolvimento e a implementação de um sistema de gestão da qualidade em instalações e atividades nucleares brasileiras. Os requisitos estabelecidos nas normas IAEA GS-R-3, IAEA GS-G-3.1, IAEA DS 349, NBR ISO 9001:2000 e CNEN-NN-1.16 são analisados criticamente. Uma matriz de correspondência entre as normas aplicáveis é apresentada e são identificados os tópicos relacionados entre elas. As normas IAEA GS-R- 3, IAEA GS-G-3.1 e IAEA DS 349 definem requisitos genéricos para estabelecer, implementar, avaliar e melhorar continuamente um sistema integrado de gestão em instalações e atividades nucleares nos países membros da IAEA. A NBR ISO 9001:2000 estabelece requisitos genéricos para a implementação de um sistema de gestão da qualidade em organizações de todos os tipos. A norma CNEN-NN-1.16 estabelece os requisitos regulamentares para sistemas e programas de garantia da qualidade de instalações nucleares, para o licenciamento e operação destas instalações no Brasil. A norma IAEA GS-R-3 que substitui o código IAEA 50-C-Q introduz o conceito de \"Sistema Integrado de Gestão\" para a área nuclear, em preferência aos conceitos de \"Garantia da Qualidade\" e \"Gestão da Qualidade\". Esta nova abordagem acompanha a tendência atual de incorporar requisitos de segurança, saúde, meio ambiente, proteção física, qualidade, econômicos e outros em um único sistema de gestão. Exemplos de sistemas de gestão da qualidade implementados por organizações nucleares brasileiras e por organizações nucleares de outros países são analisados e considerados na discussão dos resultados do trabalho. / The present work identifies, characterizes and analyses the normative requirements for the development and implementation of quality management systems in Brazilian nuclear installations and activities. The requirements established in standards IAEA GS-R-3, IAEA GS-G-3.1, IAEA DS 349, NBR ISO 9001:2000 e CNEN-NN-1.16 are critically analyzed. A correlation matrix of the applicable standards is presented and the related topics among them are identified. The standards IAEA GS-R-3, IAEA GS-G-3.1 and IAEA DS 349 define general requirements for establishing, implementing, assessing and continually improving an integrated management system in nuclear installations and activities, in IAEA member countries. The standard NBR ISO 9001:2000 establishes general requirements for the implementation of a quality management system in all kinds of organizations. The standard CNEN NN-1.16 establishes the regulating requirements for the quality assurance systems and programs of nuclear installations, for licensing and authorization for operation of these installations in Brazil. The standard IAEA GS-R-3 that replaces the code IAEA 50-C-Q introduces the concept of \"Integrated Management System\" for the nuclear area, in preference to the concepts of \"Quality Assurance\" and \"Quality Management\". This new approach is aligned with the current tendency incorporating requirements of quality, safety, health, environment, security, economics and other in a unique management system. Examples of quality management systems implemented by Brazilian nuclear organizations and by nuclear organizations outside Brazil are analyzed and considered in the discussion of results.

L’implantation répandue de nouveaux quartiers résidentiels sur le territoire de la périphérie urbaine est en partie responsable de la baisse du couvert végétal et de l’augmentation des surfaces imperméables à grande échelle. Les villes sont maintenant aux prises avec une augmentation constante de la production de ruissellement qu'elles doivent gérer au moyen d’un vaste réseau d’égouts et de canalisations. Des données sur les impacts de ces modèles de quartier résidentiel nous révèlent que cette forme d’habitat provoque la dégradation des milieux naturels et aquatiques. La présente étude vise à mettre à l’épreuve la stratégie d’aménagement de l’Open space design en comparant l’effet de trois situations d’aménagement d’ensembles résidentiels sur le coefficient de ruissellement pondéré (Cp). Les trois situations étudiées sont 1 : le développement actuel tel que conçu par le promoteur, 2 : un scénario de quartier visant la préservation des cours d’eau existants ainsi qu’une réduction des lots et des surfaces imperméables et 3 : un quartier avec des types d’habitation plus denses. Les coefficients pondérés obtenus sont respectivement de 0,50 pour le quartier actuel, de 0,40 pour le scénario 1 et de 0,34 pour le scénario 2. Au terme de cet exercice, il apparaît, d’une part, que la densification du bâti, la nature des surfaces et l’organisation spatiale peuvent concourir à diminuer la production de ruissellement d’un quartier. Cette étude permet de situer l’importance de la gestion du ruissellement dans la planification et l’aménagement du territoire. / The widespread introduction of new residential developments in the urban periphery is partly responsible for declining vegetation cover and a large scale increase in impervious surfaces. Cities are now grappling with a constant increase in runoff, which they have to manage through a vast network of sewers and drains. Data on the impacts of current residential models reveal that this form of development causes the degradation of natural and aquatic environments. The present study aims to test Open space design strategy by comparing the effect of three development situations on the weighted runoff coefficient (Cw). The three situations are 1: the actual development as conceived by the project’s promoter; 2: development aimed at preserving existing streams, reducing lot sizes and impervious surfaces; and 3: a higher-density cluster development plan. The weighted coefficients obtained are 0.50 for scenario 1, 0.40 for scenario 2 and 0.34 for scenario 3. As a result, it appears that the density of the structures, the nature of the surfaces and the spatial organization can all contribute to reducing the runoff in a given area. This study underlines the importance of runoff management in planning and land use.

Les systèmes de gestion intégrée en environnement et en santé et sécurité du travail (SGI) sont un nouveau paradigme de gestion dans les organisations modernes. Ces systèmes sont construits à partir des normes ISO 14001 et d’OHSAS 18001, basées sur la prévention des risques et le principe de précaution. La littérature sur les SGI témoigne d’un marasme conceptuel prédominant depuis plus de 10 ans; elle insiste sur l’urgence d’un consensus taxinomique et conceptuel afin de définir les systèmes de gestion intégrée et de différencier le mécanisme d’intégration de celui de l’implantation. Cette lacune conceptuelle enlise les connaissances dans un fossé épistémologique, retardant ainsi le débat dans ce nouveau champ d’études. Les rares connaissances dont nous disposons dans ce domaine proviennent de quelques études théoriques et de six études empiriques, toutes préoccupées par la compatibilité des multiples systèmes et des avantages économiques de leur intégration. Les évidences engendrées par ces études sont insuffisantes pour appréhender la dynamique du nouveau paradigme dont les effets demeurent peu connus. Cette situation révèle l’urgence d’agir dans un contexte où l’utilisation des SGI se multiplie, et où leur tendance à minimiser l’importance des risques devient de plus en plus préoccupante. Aucune étude ne s’est encore penchée sur l’implantation d’un SGI en environnement et en santé et sécurité du travail construit uniquement à partir des normes ISO 14001 et d’OHSAS 18001. Cette connaissance est importante pour expliquer les effets de tels systèmes. C’est dans cette perspective que nous avons réalisé cette première étude empirique d’un SGI selon les normes ISO 14001 et d’OHSAS 18001. Nos questions de recherche portent sur le mode, le degré d’implantation, les effets du SGI, ainsi que sur les facteurs contextuels qui interviennent pour expliquer les variations dans le degré d’implantation et les effets du SGI. Il s’agit d’une recherche à prélèvement qualitatif qui repose sur un devis d’étude de cas, avec des niveaux d’analyse imbriqués, et comportant une double visée descriptive et explicative. Notre échantillon, de type raisonné, regroupait trente-cinq intervenants provenant de différentes instances hiérarchiques ; il incluait également des représentants syndicaux. Notre échantillon était composé de 7 usines, accréditées aux normes ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, et dispersées dans différentes villes du Québec. Ces usines différaient tant par leur technologie, leur âge, leur taille, et leurs types de production. Nos données ont été recueillies en 2004; elles sont basées sur des entrevues semi dirigées, sur des observations directes lors de la visite des lieux; elles s’appuient aussi sur des consultations de documents internes et sur des outils électroniques implantés. La transcription des entrevues effectuée, le contenu des discours a été catégorisé selon les cinq dimensions du SGI: engagement, planification, mise en opération, contrôle et revue de la direction. Une condensation horizontale avait précédé l’analyse de chaque cas et l’analyse transversale des cas selon une approche à la fois inductive et déductive. Les résultats de notre recherche ont révélé deux modes d’implantation : le mode d’enrichissement et le mode de fusion. Ces modes dépendaient de la nature des structures fonctionnelles en place. La visée d’amélioration continue à la base du SGI n’avait pas réussi à concilier les approches traditionnelles bottom up et top down qui ont dominé cette implantation; son mécanisme était guidé par 4 types de stratégies : l’économie des ressources, le contrôle des forces d’influences, la stratégie des fruits faciles à cueillir et la stratégie à petits pas. Pour analyser le degré d’implantation, nous avons tenu compte de l’effort de structuration du SGI et de la force d’utilisation des processus implantés à chacune des cinq dimensions du SGI. Les résultats de notre recherche révèlent une variabilité certaine du degré d’implantation entre les usines d’une part, et entre les processus associés aux cinq dimensions du SGI d’autre part. L’analyse des discours a permis de produire cinq hypothèses qui soutiennent l’effort de structuration et la force d’utilisation du SGI: (i) l’hypothèse de la force de cohésion, (ii) l’hypothèse de la spécificité du processus, (iii) l’hypothèse de la portée du processus, (iv) l’hypothèse de la capacité organisationnelle, (v) l’hypothèse de l’acceptation du changement. L’implantation du SGI était soumise à l’influence de multiples facteurs; ils étaient de nature politique, structurelle et organisationnelle. Ces facteurs avaient agi sur le processus d’implantation en amorçant une cascade d’interactions au cours desquelles leurs forces d’influences se renforçaient, se neutralisaient ou s’additionnaient pour affecter le degré d’implantation. Les facteurs facilitant touchaient surtout l’effort de structuration ; ils incluaient : l’expérience des systèmes de gestion, l’implication de la direction, celle du syndicat ou du CSS, la structure organisationnelle, le niveau d’éducation, l’âge et la taille de l’usine. Quant aux facteurs contraignants, ils agissaient sur la force d’utilisation ; ils incluaient : la lourdeur procédurale, le manque de temps, le manque de formation, le manque de ressources, la culture organisationnelle, la structure organisationnelle, le fossé intergénérationnel, l’absence du syndicat et l’âge de l’usine. Trois effets proximaux escomptés par l’entreprise ont été observés. (i) La rigueur de la gestion était associée à l’application des exigences du SGI; elle touchait la gouvernance en environnement et en santé et sécurité du travail, les mécanismes de gestion et les procédés de production. (ii) La standardisation était reliée au mode d’implantation du SGI; elle concernait les pratiques, les outils, les méthodes de travail et l’organisation des ressources. (iii) La rupture des silos est un effet relié au mode d’implantation du SGI; elle touchait les structures départementales, les frontières professionnelles, les relations et climat de travail. Ces effets proximaux avaient provoqué plusieurs effets émergents, plus distaux: une augmentation du pouvoir de contrôle syndical, un renforcement de la légitimité des recommandations soumises par les spécialistes professionnels, la création de réseaux inter organisationnels et le transfert du savoir. L’implantation du SGI avait transformé la gouvernance et les pratiques en environnement et en santé et sécurité du travail dans les sept usines. Toutefois, elle ne semblait pas garantir l’immunité du processus de gestion des risques à l’environnement ni à la santé et sécurité du travail. Sa capacité à diluer les risques devait retenir l’attention des politiques de santé publiques et des programmes de prévention des risques à l’environnement et à la santé et sécurité du travail. L’amélioration de la gestion des risques demeurait un effet attendu non observé et soumis à des facteurs contextuels qui pourraient l’empêcher de se concrétiser. À cet égard, le transfert du savoir, renforcé par l’émergence des réseaux inter organisationnels, semblait offrir une avenue beaucoup plus prometteuse et accessible. C’est l’une des contributions de cette recherche. Elle a aussi (i) proposé une typologie des modes d’implantation et des effets du SGI (ii) préconisé une méthode détaillée d’une meilleure appréciation du degré d’implantation (iii) précisé le rôle des facteurs contextuels dans l’explication des variations du degré d’implantation et dans la production des effets, (iv) proposé des hypothèses sur la structuration et l’utilisation du SGI (v) offert une perspective plurielle et approfondie de la dynamique de l’implantation du SGI grâce à la variété de l’échantillon des répondants et des usines. Il s’agit de la première étude de terrain dans le domaine. À notre connaissance, aucune autre étude n’a eu de tels résultats. Mots Clés : ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, gestion intégrée, environnement, santé et sécurité du travail, risques environnementaux, risques en santé et sécurité du travail, analyse d’implantation, degré d’implantation, SGI, transfert du savoir. / Integrated environmental, health and safety management systems (IMS) are a new management paradigm of modern organizations. These systems are built mainly from the ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 norms, which are based on risk prevention and the precautionary principles. For the past ten years, the literature on IMS has been governed by a conceptual stagnation, which is now begging for a taxonomic consensus in order to define IMS, clarify both integration and implementation processes, and to move beyond structures to address processes. As a result, the knowledge about IMS has been embroiled in an epistemological ditch, thus delaying debates in this emerging field of study. Scarce publications about IMS come from a few theoretical papers and six empirical investigations, all preoccupied by systems compatibility and the economic advantages of management systems integration. Evidence generated by these studies is not sufficient to apprehend the dynamics of the new paradigm, whose effects remain little known about until now. This situation is becoming alarming in a context where the use of integrated environmental health and safety management systems is increasing and where these IMS are raising concerns about their capacity to minimize risk in one domain or another. So far, no study has investigated the implementation of integrated environmental health and safety management systems built from ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 norms. Such knowledge is cardinal to help explain the effects of such IMS. It is in this perspective that we have undertaken this first empirical study of an IMS built from ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001. Our research questions address the mode of implementation, the degree of implementation and the effects of the IMS, as well as the contextual factors whose influence on the implementation help explain the variations in the degree of implementation and the effects of the IMS. This qualitative inquiry uses a single case study with multiple levels of analysis. Our purposeful sample of thirty five participants was drawn from different levels of hierarchy, including union executives and representatives. Our purposeful sample of plants consisted of seven ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 certified plants located in different cities in Quebec, Canada. These plants differed by their technology, their age, their size and their types of production. Our data were collected in 2004 from semi-directed interviews, direct observation during site visits, and consultation of documentation and assessment of functionalities of implemented management tools. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and their content was categorized based on the five dimensions of the IMS: commitment policy, planning, deployment, control and management review. Horizontal condensation preceded within case and transversal analysis, using both inductive and deductive approaches. Our results indicate two implementation modes: the enrichment mode and the fusion mode, both related to the functional structures in place. Despite its aim of continuous improvement, the IMS was unable to reconcile the two traditional approaches of top down and bottom up, which have dominated this implementation which was supported by four strategies: economy of resources, control of influence, low hanging fruits and the small steps strategy. In order to analyze the degree of the IMS implementation, we have taken into consideration two aspects of the process: The effort of structuring the IMS and the scope of utilization of the implemented processes. Our results showed evidence of variation in the degree of IMS implementation; this variation was observed among the plants as well as among the processes implemented at each one of the five IMS steps. The analysis of discourses has allowed the production of five hypotheses that support IMS structuring and utilization (i) Cohesion forces hypothesis (ii) Process specificity hypothesis (iii) Scope of process hypothesis (iv) Organizational readiness hypothesis (v) Acceptance of change hypothesis. IMS implementation was influenced by political, structural and organizational factors. These factors have played their influence by catalyzing non -linear interactions, during which their influence could be neutralized, added or reinforced, hence generating variations in the degree of implementation. Facilitating factors have affected the effort of IMS structuring and included: experience working with management system, upper management commitment, implication of union or of health and safety committee representatives, organizational structure, level of education, plant age and plant size. Inhibiting factors have affected mainly the utilization of implemented processes. These factors included: procedural heaviness, lack of time, lack of training, lack of resource, organizational culture, organizational structure, intergeneration gap and lack of union implication. Three proximal effects anticipated by the organization under study were observed. (i) Increase in the rigor of management is an effect which was associated with the application of IMS requirements. It implied EHS governance, integrated management mechanisms and production processes (ii) Standardization is an effect which was associated rather with the implementation mode. It implied EHS practices, tools, work methods and organization of resources. (iii) Rupture of departmental silo is an effect associated with the mode of implementation. It involved organizational structures, professional boundaries and the working relations and climate. These proximal effects have induced several emerging effects, which were more distal. These were: increased control power of the union; increased legitimacy of recommendations by EHS professionals; creation of inter-organizational network and knowledge transfer. The implementation of an integrated management system in environment, occupational health and safety has transformed EHS governance and practice in all seven plants. However, this was not sufficient to grant immunity to EHS risk management processes. The potential of IMS to dilute risks should be of concern to public health policies, as well as to risk prevention programs on environment and on occupational health and safety. Improvement of EHS risk management was an expected effect but was not observed at the moment of our study. Several contextual factors may have intervened to alter its occurrence. To this regard, knowledge transfer, reinforced by the emergence of intra-organizational networks, seem to offer a very promising and affordable alternative. This is one of the contributions of our study research, which, in addition has (i) proposed a nomenclature to classify the modes of implementation and effects of IMS (ii) proposed a detailed method to appreciate the degree of implementation (iii) stated the roles played by contextual factors in explaining variations in the degree of IMS implementation and in the production of effects (iv) proposed a hypothesis on IMS structuring and utilization (v) through the diversity of our sample, offered a plural and sound perspective on the dynamics of IMS implementation. This is the first field study of this new paradigm. To our knowledge, no other study has produced such results. Keywords : ISO 14001, OHSAS 18001, integrated management system, IMS, environment, Occupational Health and Safety, environmental risks, occupational health and safety risks, implementation analysis, implementation level, knowledge transfer.

Orientador: Otávio José de Oliveira / Banca: Márcio Minto Fabricio / Banca: Adilson Renofio / Resumo: Para que as organizações sejam competitivas e aumentem as chances de sobrevivência no mercado competitivo, é necessária a gestão do processo produtivo cada vez mais eficiente. Nesta gestão são utilizados sistemas focados em qualidade, meio ambiente, segurança e saúde no trabalho, entre outros. A integração desses sistemas otimizam recursos, processos e melhoram a imagem da organização, influenciando, assim, a lucratividade. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo formular diretrizes para o planejamento e implementação de sistema de gestão integrada em empresas da construção civil. Para a elaboração deste trabalho, foi adotada a pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, bibliográfica com a realização de dois estudos de caso sobre os elementos do sistema de gestão integrada de duas construtoras certificadas em ISO 9001, ISO 4001 e OHSAS 18001 fazendo com que o pesquisador, se ambiente ao universo de estudo. Um referencial teórico foi apresentado sobre as características do processo produtivo, sistema de gestão da qualidade, meio ambiente, saúde e segurança no trabalho e integração desses. Conclui-se que, o objetivo traçado, foi devidamente alcançado, pois foram apresentados os elementos do sistema de gestão integrada nas duas construtoras, sendo identificadas as boas práticas e pode-se propor, diretrizes para o planejamento e implamentação do sistema de gestão integrada em empresas da construção civil / Abstract: To ensure that organizations are competitive and increase the changes of survival in competitive market, it is necessary to management of the productive process ever more efficiently. This management systems are used raised in quality, environment, health and safety at work, among others. The integration of these systems optimize resources, process, and improve the image of the organization, influencing, thus, the profitability. This dissertation has like objetctive, formulate guidelines for the planning and implementation of integrated management system in civil construction companies. For this work was adopted the qualitative research, exploratory, bibliographic with the achievement of two case studies about the elements of the integrated management system of two construction companies certifieds in ISO 9001, ISO 14001, and OHSAS 18001 making the researcher, environment the universe of study. A theoretical reference was presented about the characteristics of the production process, a system of quality management, environment, health and safety at work and integration of these. It concludes that, the outlined objective was duly achieved, because the elements of integrated management system were submitted in the two construction companies, being identified the good practices and could propose, guidelines for the planning and implementation of integrated management system in civil construction companies / Mestre

[pt] O objetivo da dissertação é propor uma sistemática de avaliação para programas de normalização empresarial que integre as abordagens conceituais de avaliação de programas e de aprendizagem organizacional e que possa ser aplicada ao Programa de Normalização da Unidade de Terminais Aquaviários da Transpetro. No contexto organizacional no qual a pesquisa se insere, considera-se que a prática da avaliação pode gerar aprendizado organizacional, na medida em que permite a detecção de erros e sinaliza alternativas concretas de ação que gerem aumento da eficiência e da eficácia em suas operações. A motivação da pesquisa surgiu da necessidade da empresa em foco dispor de uma sistemática de avaliação para programas de normalização empresarial, capaz de mensurar a eficiência do referido Programa, em especial quanto ao grau de atendimento da Unidade de Terminais Aquaviários às normas e aos regulamentos técnicos do contexto socioprodutivo no qual a empresa atua. Quanto à metodologia adotada, a investigação da conexão entre avaliação de programas e normalização empresarial seguiu uma orientação preponderantemente dedutiva. Foi proposto um modelo teórico, e, a partir desse arcabouço conceitual, utilizou-se o caso do Programa como evidência empírica. Para tal, adotou-se o método de estudo de caso, tendo sido consideradas práticas de avaliação reportadas na literatura especializada. Destaca-se como resultado, uma sistemática inovadora para a avaliação de programas de normalização empresarial que integra as abordagens conceituais de avaliação de programas e de aprendizagem organizacional. Como conclusão, a pesquisa mostra que a sistemática de avaliação proposta mostrou-se adequada para os fins a que se destina, constituindo um importante instrumento de gestão e de aprendizagem que poderá ser disseminado em outros contextos organizacionais de normalização empresarial. / [en] The objective of this dissertation is two-fold: (i) propose a program evaluation model for enterprise standardization programs based upon two conceptual and interlinked approaches: program evaluation and organizational learning; (ii) to validate the proposed model through a case study on Transpetro s Marine Terminals Standardization Program. In this context, evaluation practice may generate organizational learning to help Transpetro correct standardization program deviations and increase its efficiency and effectiveness towards operational excellence. As a matter of fact, standardization programs are necessary in marine terminals operations where standards are the minimum acceptable requirements to fulfill the goals for the operator, and the maximum requirements provided to the work for the contractor. Additionally, marine terminals should attend sector s regulations, occupational safety guidelines, and environmental management standards. The motivation of this research arose from Transpetro s need to have a program evaluation model capable of measuring efficiency of its Marine Terminals Standardization Program. The methodology encompasses: (i) literature survey on program evaluation and organizational learning; (ii) design of a standardization program evaluation model based on a conceptual framework which links both theoretical approaches; (iii) development of a case study on Transpetro s Marine Terminals Standardization Program; and (iv) formulation of conclusions and suggestions for future research and replication in other organizational contexts. The main results can be summarized as follows: (i) an innovative evaluation model to assess enterprise standardization programs; and (ii) a set of indicators for measuring efficiency and effectiveness of Transpetro s Marine Terminals Standardization Program. As a conclusion, it can be said that the proposed program evaluation model fulfilled expectations and assumptions formulated at the very beginning of this research. According to the opinion of Transpetro s managers and teams involved, the model is a useful management and learning tool for enterprise standardization initiatives and has a large potential for replication in other organizational contexts from the empirical evidences achieved.

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009 / Introdução: Os Sistemas de Gestão Integrados de Saúde, Meio Ambiente e Segurança do trabalho - SMS permitem a agregação da qualidade, meio ambiente, saúde e segurança no trabalho com outros sistemas certificados, estando seus benefícios ligados ao investimento em pessoal, além da melhoria no desenvolvimento da tecnologia e transferência, combinado ao efeito sinérgico de todos os sistemas juntos com eficácia na redução dos custos de acidentes de trabalho e proteção ao meio ambiente. Este estudo foi realizado no Centro de Pesquisas da Petrobras- Cenpes. O conjunto de política e diretrizes corporativas de SMS da Petrobras nasceu de um processo ao longo de cinqüenta anos em que a empresa acumulou vasta experiência em segurança, meio ambiente e saúde. No Centro de Pesquisas da Petrobras Cenpes, o Sistema de Gestão Integrado - SMS foi implantado em 2003 e implementado nos dois anos seguintes. Entretanto, não existem na literatura, trabalhos voltados para a avaliação desses sistemas utilizando dados de saúde ocupacional. Portanto, é imprescindível o questionamento sobre as políticas de gestão integradas para verificar os benefícios à saúde do trabalhador, quando este modelo de gestão é implantado. Objetivo: Analisar em que medida o Sistema de Gestão de Saúde, Meio Ambiente e Segurança (SMS) implantado no Cenpes, impacta a Saúde do Trabalhador. Método: Para verificar a efetividade do SMS foram analisados indicadores de saúde ocupacional (acidentes de trabalho e afastamentos por doenças), sensíveis à implantação do SMS a partir dos dados consolidados fornecidos pela empresa em questão, no período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2008. A análise dos dados envolve duas categorias de trabalhadores: petroleiros e terceirizados. Foi utilizada técnica de análise quantitativa Qui-quadrado. Resultados: A análise dos dois grupos de vínculos de trabalho indica terceirizados com valor de p<0,05, demonstrando benefícios com a implantação do Sistema de Gestão Integrado, não ocorrendo o mesmo com os petroleiros p=0,53. Estes resultados revelam uma menor exposição ao risco desta categoria e a melhoria na qualidade de vida ocupacional, produtiva do grupo mais exposto. Conclusões: O uso de indicadores de saúde ocupacional neste estudo mostrou-se eficaz para avaliar o Sistema de Gestão Integrado SMS, conseguindo identificar após o confrontamento de vínculos de trabalho, a categoria que mais se beneficiou com a implementação do sistema a partir de 2005. / Introduction: The Integrated Management Systems Health, Safety and Environment of the work-SMS allows the aggregation of quality, environment, health and safety at work with other systems certificated, with benefits linked to investment in staff, in addition to improvement in the development of technology and transfer, combined to the synergistic effect of all the systems together with effective in reducing the costs of occupational accidents and protecting the environment. The set of policies and guidelines corporative of SMS of Petrobras was a process over fifty years in which the company acquired extensive experience in safety, environment and health. In the Center of Research in Petrobras-Cenpes, The Integrated Management System-SMS was implanted in 2003 and implemented the following two years. However, it doesn't exist in literature, work towards to the evaluation of systems using data from occupational health .Therefore, it is essential the questioning about the policies of integrated management to see the benefits to the health of the worker, when this model of management is implanted. Objective: To examine the extent to which the Management System Health, Safety and Environment (SMS) implanted in Cenps, impacts the health of the worker. Method: To verify the effectiveness of SMS were analyzed indicators of occupational health (occupational accidents and injuries by disease), sensitive to the deployment of SMS from the consolidated data provided by the company, from January 2003 to December 2008. Data analysis involves two categories of workers: oil and outsourced. It was used a quantitative analysis technique - Chi-square. Results: The analysis of two groups of links work indicates outsoucerd with value of p<0,05, showing benefits with the deployment of integrated management systems, not occurring the same with the oil workers p = 0.53. These results suggest a lower risk exposure to this category and improvement in quality of life occupational, productive of the group most exposed. Conclusions: The use of indicators for occupational health in this study was effective to evaluate the Integrated Management System - SMS and can identify after the clash of labor relations, the category that most benefited from the implementation of the system from 2005.

Os sistemas integrados de gestão, originalmente conhecidos como ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), provocam grandes impactos nas organizações em que são implementados. Os efeitos, tanto de natureza positiva em termos de benefícios, contribuições e vantagens que o sistema pode proporcionar, quanto negativos, no que se refere às dificuldades, barreiras e problemas enfrentados na implementação do sistema, assim como os desafios que se impõem com a adoção e uso do ERP, têm sido discutidos em diferentes estudos. No entanto, grande parte das pesquisas que tratam dos efeitos e impactos decorrentes da adoção dos sistemas ERP tem focado os processos e resultados de implementações realizadas em empresas de grande porte, apesar da participação crescente das pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) na aquisição desse tipo de sistema. Considerando as características específicas e diferenciadas das PMEs em relação às empresas de grande porte, o crescente interesse dos fornecedores de ERP nesse segmento de empresas e o aumento da participação do segmento das PMEs na aquisição de sistemas integrados de gestão, este estudo foi conduzido com o propósito de responder à seguinte questão: Como se desenvolve o processo de implementação de ERP em PMEs? Utilizando a estratégia de pesquisa estudo de caso, do tipo único e incorporado, analisou-se o processo de implementação de um sistema ERP em empresa do setor da construção civil, enquadrada como de pequeno porte, de acordo com os critérios dos fornecedores de ERP, e de porte médio, se considerados os demais parâmetros vigentes no Brasil. O estudo teve como propósito investigar como se desenvolveu o processo de implementação do sistema ERP na empresa pesquisada tomando por base as seguintes proposições teóricas: contexto da empresa antes da adoção do ERP, fatores que levaram à adoção do ERP, impactos e efeitos da implementação do ERP, dificuldades e problemas enfrentados na sua implementação, vantagens e desvantagens obtidas com o ERP, desafios que se impuseram com sua adoção, acrescentando-se ainda o nível de satisfação da empresa com o sistema ERP. As evidências, obtidas neste estudo de caso, permitiram constatar que alguns aspectos relevantes, presentes no processo de implementação de ERP na empresa pesquisada, confirmam aspectos já observados em estudos anteriores, outros se apresentam de forma diferente, alguns não condizem com o que diz a literatura, constatando-se, também, alguns aspectos novos, ainda não mencionados pela literatura que trata do assunto. / Integrated Management Systems, originally known as ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) provoke massive impact in the companies where they are implemented. The effects, both positive - benefits, contributions and advantages, and negative - difficulties, barriers and problems faced along implementation, as well as the challenges posed by the execution and use of ERP, have been discussed in many studies. However, much of the research on the effects and the impact resulting from the adoption of ERP has focused on processes and results derived from the implementation of that system in large enterprises, in spite of the increasing participation of small and medium size businesses (SMEs) in the acquisition of such system. Considering that: SMEs display distinctive characteristics from the larger enterprises; suppliers have shown increasing interest on this segment; there has been a swell in the participation of these enterprises in the acquisition of integrated enterprise systems, this work aimed at answering the following question: How does the ERP implementation process take place in SMEs? Case study of the type unique and incorporated was the kind of research chosen to investigate the implementation process of an ERP system in a construction enterprise considered small according to ERP suppliers criteria, and medium size if Brazilian current parameters are to be taken into account. The study aimed at investigating the way the process evolved in the above-mentioned enterprise, based on the following theoretical proposition: enterprise context prior to the adoption of ERP; difficulties and troubles faced along implementation; advantages and disadvantages obtained through ERP; challenges imposed by its implementation; level of satisfaction of the enterprise with the system. The evidence allowed us to ascertain that: some relevant aspects present in the process of implementation of ERP validate facts already observed in previous studies, some others consubstantiate differences, some do not comply with the present written material available, and some are new aspects, still not mentioned in studies on the subject.