Kuriant sistemą, kuri turės sąsają internete, reikia turėti metodiką, kuria būtų galima vadovautis projektuojant šią sąsają. Objektinio projektavimo metoduose ir unifikuotame kūrimo procese RUP (angl. Rational Unified Process) nėra aprašytų specialių procesų interneto sąsajai kurti. Nors šia tema rašė nemažai autorių, tačiau sunku rasti vientisą metodiką, kuria galėtų vadovautis interneto sąsajos ir ja paremtos sistemos kūrėjas. Šiame darbe tiriami esami interneto sistemų sąsajos projektavimo metodai, šablonai bei įvairios kūrimo technologijos, siekiant juos sukonkretizuoti, apibendrinti ir sukurti metodinę medžiagą, kurią būtų galima taikyti interneto sistemas projektuojančioje organizacijoje, mokymo procese ar pateikti kaip gidą, bet kuriam interneto sąsajos projektuotojui. Šiais laikais kompiuteriai dalyvauja daugelyje sričių, ir bendravimas tarp žmogaus ir kompiuterio neišvengiamas. Kad vartotojas galėtų valdyti sistemą, šis bendravimas vyktų sklandžiai, reikalinga sąsaja. Esamos sistemos turi sąsają, tačiau susistemintos metodikos, kaip reikėtų kurti tą sąsają, nėra daug, ji išsklaidyta atskiruose literatūros šaltiniuose ar interneto puslapiuose. Dažnai ši metodika slypi projektuotojų mintyse, bet ji taip ir lieka neaprašyta ir pats sąsajos projektavimas būna intuityvus. / Nowadays, information system creation process consists of several different actions, one of those actions – web interface design. Web interface design process requires a good methodology, to make web interface process better, quicker, flexible and satisfy other web interface design criterions. RUP (Rational Unified Process) don’t present any special creation process of internet web interface. Frequently web interface design process lies in the head of it’s designers. There are no full methodology of web interface design process in one place, only some web interface advices or articles about one or other web interface process steps could be found. The goal of this work is to make a methodology of web interface design and implement it for internet service provider system. Methodology also would be useful for companies which participate in web interface design process, also in school or university study process, or like a guide for any web interface designer. The developed methodology for web interface design was used for implementing internet service provider system web interface, system design process and redesign above-mentioned system web interface for measuring process times. Methodology of web interface design, reduce web interface design process time, help to make web interface design process easier, more flexible and understandable for web interface designer, also certain better web interface appearance independence from system functional part, with possibility to... [to full text]

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Vicente Romero Rodrigues Frias dos Santos.pdf: 1075903 bytes, checksum: ff361c19a2559ff5a59e2007cf58cadd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12 / In this paper we face the issue of Internet service provider liability for content generated by third parties. With the enactment of Law 12,965 of April 23, 2014, known as Civil Marco of the Internet, doctrinal definitions were modified and new concepts were integrated into the legal system. And so it was with the liability of internet service providers. This tune and upon the a sandy soil of so young a subject, we will seek to form a logical system of the liability of internet service providers, having as main objective the fair and systematic application of the law, resulting in the effective protection of the user, without improperly burdening the providers / Neste estudo iremos enfrentar a problemática da responsabilidade do provedor de internet pelo conteúdo gerado por terceiro. Com a edição da Lei 12.965, de 23 de abril de 2014, conhecida como Marco Civil da Internet, definições doutrinárias foram alteradas e novos conceitos foram inseridos no sistema jurídico. E assim o foi com a responsabilidade civil dos provedores de internet. Nessa toada e sobre o terreno ainda arenoso de um assunto tão moço, buscaremos formar sistema lógico da responsabilidade dos provedores de internet, tendo como objetivo precípuo a aplicação justa e sistemática do Direito, que resulte na eficaz proteção do usuário, sem onerar indevidamente os provedores

Internet is viewed as the most vital digital technology in the globe. Eastern Africa has the least penetration of ICT per capita in the world. Internet is a valuable resource that has propelled enormous economic growth in many developed countries. In order for Eastern African governments to narrow the socio-economic divide between developed countries and themselves, there is need to overcome this digital handicap. Enormous investments in ICT infrastructure are essential. The governments must participate in making crucial decisions to wisely allocate the limited resources to improve the current infrastructure.This thesis investigates Internet use, access and penetration in Eastern Africa. Theoretical research has been carried out to elaborate on the subject matter. Through empirical study, we will come up with a fresh way to verify and understand the Internet situation in the region. / Program: Magisterutbildning i informatik

在二十世紀和二十一世紀交替的時期，資訊科技正以迅雷不及掩耳的方式快速發展。自從網際網路的出現，電腦的應用層次已呈現出另一種境界。短短幾年裡，網際網路已讓全球企業界深刻地體認到其所具有的高度商業價值；從而衍生出來的商業應用，更是為各行各業帶來新領域和新視野，亦為市場帶來無限商機。而在這一股網際網路的熱潮中，網際網路服務提供者（Internet Service Provider; ISP）扮演了一個相當重要的角色，因此很多企業相繼投入這個市場，但也因此造成了ISP產業中激烈的競爭。ISP業者如何在重重的困難中脫穎而出，進而取得更大的市場優勢？ 本研究先以探索式的研究方法，探討我國ISP業的競爭狀態及內外在條件影響各ISP業者市場優勢的關係模式。先談文獻，首先，針對幾家ISP業者，進行深度個案公司訪問調查，分析其內外在條件及市場優勢，將結果與文獻探討所得到的理論架構加以整合，以建立本研究之研究模式，並且依據研究模式擬訂研究假設，然後以實證研究法驗證研究假設，進行過程乃是以我國ISP業為對象，以問卷調查作為研究工具，搜集有關本研究計劃所需要的原始資料，運用多變量分析之統計方法進行資料分析，以驗證本研究計劃所提出之假設，並嘗試說明驗證之結果。

Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию финансово-экономического обоснования инвестиционных решений по размещению линий связи на рынке интернет-услуг. Предметом исследования выступает экономическая выгода способов размещения линий слаботочных сетей в многоквартирных: жилых домах интернет-провайдерами. Основной целью магистерской диссертации является теоретическая и практическая оценка ситуации проведения линий слаботочных сетей с экономической точки зрения, а так же разработка финансово-выгодных методов доступа к размещению оборудования интернет-провайдеров. В заключении обозначены рекомендации и по финансово-выгодному совершенствованию способов установки оборудования слаботочных сетей интернет - провайдеров. / Final qualifying work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of financial and economic justification of investment decisions on the placement of communication lines in the market of internet services. The subject of the study is the economic benefit of ways of placing low-current lines in apartment buildings by internet providers. The main purpose of the master's thesis is а theoretical and practical assessment of the situation of low-current network lines from an economic point of' view, as well as the development of financial and cost-effective methods of access to the placement of' equipment of internet providers. In conclusion, the recommendations on the financial and profitable improvement of methods of installation of equipment of low-current networks of internet providers are outlined.

Net Neutrality implicates that all data being transmitted online is treated equal by Internet Service Providers. In 2016, the public debate regarding Net Neutrality in Sweden started growing as two major Mobile Network Operators were investigated by the Swedish Post and Telecom Authority for violation of European Union Net Neutrality regulations. Several studies have been conducted regarding Net Neutrality, most of them written in a legal, financial or technological perspective. This study takes another direction, aimed at understanding the consumer’s point of view regarding Net Neutrality. This study investigates whether or not consumers are aware of the subject and if so, how they value it. To measure this, an online survey was constructed, containing a total of 12 questions and statements. 77 people participated in the survey and out of these, 10 people participated in qualitative follow-up interviews. The interviews were semi-structured and individually designed according to each participant’s answers in the survey. This was done in order to gain a deeper understanding of the consumer’s reasoning while answering the survey. The results show that consumers lack knowledge regarding Net Neutrality. A major part of the consumers had not heard of the term or did not know the meaning of it, making it hard to determine whether or not the consumers value NN. However, when given a more concrete example of the implications of Internet Traffic Management from ISPs, the participants had a better understanding of what kind of implications NN could have on their Internet usage. They valued the implications of Net Neutrality, even though they did not know the theory of the term itself. The study also revealed that consumers have a big confidence in National Regulatory Authorities when it comes to looking after the openness of the Internet. Therefore, it is likely that National Regulatory Authorities must inform and educate consumers in the matter of Net Neutrality for them to value it and see its long-term implications. / Nätneutralitet innebär kortfattat att all data som skickas över Internet ska behandlas likvärdigt utav Internetleverantörer (ISP). Under 2016 växte debatten kring nätneutralitet i Sverige då två stycken mobiloperatörer utreddes utav Post- och Telestyrelsen. Båda dessa mobiloperatörer lanserade kampanjer till sina kunder som ansågs strida mot EU:s förordning 2015/2120 rörande nätneutralitet. Ett antal studier har redan gjorts på ämnet nätneutralitet, dock har de flesta haft en infallsvinkel där man tittat på juridiska, finansiella eller tekniska perspektiv. Den här studien har en annan infallsvinkel och riktar sig istället mot konsumenters syn på nätneutralitet. Den ämnar undersöka huruvida konsumenter känner till begreppet nätneutralitet och om de gör det, hur värderar de konceptet? För att undersöka detta konstruerades en online-enkät, innehållandes 12 frågor. 77 personer deltog i enkäten och utav dessa så deltog 10 personer i uppföljande, kvalitativa intervjuer. Intervjuerna var semi-strukturerade och individuella med frågor baserade på individens svar i enkäten. Dessa intervjuer var till för att ge en fördjupad förståelse av konsumenternas syn på nätneutralitet och deras resonemang kring svaren under enkäten. Resultaten visar att konsumenter, deltagande i den här studien, har låg kunskap kring nätneutralitet. Majoriteten utav deltagarna hade inte hört termen eller kände inte till dess mening, vilket gjorde det svårt att dra några slutsatser kring huruvida konsumenterna värderar konceptet. Men när konsumenterna fick ett mer konkret exempel på hur Internetleverantörers datahantering påverkar kundernas Internetanvändande så tycktes konsumenterna förstå vilka implikationer nätneutralitet kan ha på deras eget Internetanvändande. De tycktes således värdera innebörden av nätneutralitet, även om de inte förstod teorin kring konceptet. Studien påvisade också att konsumenter har en stor tilltro till vederbörande myndighet, Post- och Telestyrelsen här i Sverige, när det gäller att se efter Internets öppenhet och mångfald. Det är därför troligt att Post- och Telestyrelsen kommer att behöva informera och utbilda konsumenter rörande nätneutralitet för att få konsumenter att se värdet av och de långsiktiga implikationerna utav det.

This study analyses the nature and implementation of electronic commerce in order to identify possible problems for taxation and pinpoint those problems which may be relevant to South Africa. Solutions suggested by certain countries and institutions are evaluated for possible implementation in South Africa. The study suggests that although current taxation legislation in South Africa is apP'icable to electronic commerce transactions it is not sufficient to cater effectively for this type of business. The conclusion reached Is that international co-operation is essential in finding solutions. A number of recommendations are made regarding aspects of South African taxation legislation which need to be clarified through policy decisions. Title of / Taxation / M.Comm.

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the dominant transport protocol in today?s Internet. The original design of TCP left congestion control open to future designers. Short of implementing changes to the TCP stack on the end-nodes themselves, Internet Service Providers have employed several techniques to be able to operate their network equipment efficiently. These techniques amount to shaping traffic to reduce cost and improve overall customer satisfaction. <br /><br /> The method that gives maximum control when performing traffic shaping is using an inline traffic shaper. An inline traffic shaper sits in the middle of any flow, allowing packets to pass through it and, with policy-limited freedom, inspects and modifies all packets as it pleases. However, a number of practical issues such as hardware reliability or ISP policy, may prevent such a solution from being employed. For example, an ISP that does not fully trust the quality of the traffic shaper would not want such a product to be placed in-line with its equipment, as it places a significant threat to its business. What is required in such cases is third-party rate control. <br /><br /> Formally defined, a third-party rate controller is one that can see all traffic and inject new traffic into the network, but cannot remove or modify existing network packets. Given these restrictions, we present and study a technique to control TCP flows, namely triple-ACK duplication. The triple-ACK algorithm allows significant capabilities to a third-party traffic shaper. We provide an analytical justification for why this technique works under ideal conditions and demonstrate via simulation the bandwidth reduction achieved. When judiciously applied, the triple-ACK duplication technique produces minimal badput, while producing significant reductions in bandwidth consumption under ideal conditions. Based on a brief study, we show that our algorithm is able to selectively throttle one flow while allowing another to gain in bandwidth.

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is the dominant transport protocol in today?s Internet. The original design of TCP left congestion control open to future designers. Short of implementing changes to the TCP stack on the end-nodes themselves, Internet Service Providers have employed several techniques to be able to operate their network equipment efficiently. These techniques amount to shaping traffic to reduce cost and improve overall customer satisfaction. <br /><br /> The method that gives maximum control when performing traffic shaping is using an inline traffic shaper. An inline traffic shaper sits in the middle of any flow, allowing packets to pass through it and, with policy-limited freedom, inspects and modifies all packets as it pleases. However, a number of practical issues such as hardware reliability or ISP policy, may prevent such a solution from being employed. For example, an ISP that does not fully trust the quality of the traffic shaper would not want such a product to be placed in-line with its equipment, as it places a significant threat to its business. What is required in such cases is third-party rate control. <br /><br /> Formally defined, a third-party rate controller is one that can see all traffic and inject new traffic into the network, but cannot remove or modify existing network packets. Given these restrictions, we present and study a technique to control TCP flows, namely triple-ACK duplication. The triple-ACK algorithm allows significant capabilities to a third-party traffic shaper. We provide an analytical justification for why this technique works under ideal conditions and demonstrate via simulation the bandwidth reduction achieved. When judiciously applied, the triple-ACK duplication technique produces minimal badput, while producing significant reductions in bandwidth consumption under ideal conditions. Based on a brief study, we show that our algorithm is able to selectively throttle one flow while allowing another to gain in bandwidth.

Multicast has long been considered an attractive service for the Internet for the provision of multiparty applications. For over a decade now multicast has been a proposed IETF standard. Though there is a strong industry push towards deploying multicast, there has been little multicast deployment by commercial Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and more importantly most end-users still lack multicast capabilities. Depending on the underlying network infrastructure, the ISP has several options of implementing his multicast capabilities. With significantly faster and more sophisticated protocols being designed and prototyped, it is expected that a whole new gamut of applications that are delay sensitive will come into being. However, the incentives to resolve the conflicting interests of the ISPs and the end-users have to be provided for successful implementation of these protocols. Thus we arrive at the following economic questions: What is the strategy that will enable the ISP recover his costs ? How can the end-user be made aware of the cost of his actions ? Naturally, the strategies of the ISP and the end-user depend on each other and form an economic game. The research problems addressed in this thesis are: A pricing model that is independent of the underlying transmission protocols is prefered. We have proposed such a pricing scheme for multicast independent of the underlying protocols, by introducing the concept of pricing points* These pricing points provide a range of prices that the users can expect during a particular time period and tune their usage accordingly. Our pricing scheme makes both the sender and receiver accountable. Our scheme also provides for catering to heterogeneous users and gives incentive for differential pricing. We explore a number of formulations of resource allocation problems arising in communication networks as optimization models. Optimization-based methods were only employed for unicast congestion control. We have extended this method for single rate multicast. We have also devised an optimization-based approach for multicast congestion control that finds an allocation rate to maximize the social welfare. Finally we also show that the session-splitting problem can also be cast as an optimization problem. The commonly used "max-min" fairness criteria suffers from serious limitations like discriminating sessions that traverse large number of links and poor network utilization. We provide an allocation scheme that reduces discrimination towards multicast sessions that traverse many links and also improves network utilization.