Master of Arts / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / Gerad Middendorf / This study examines the issue of gender bias and other gendering processes within the profession of law in Kansas. Although women have made great strides toward equality within the law profession, there are still glaring disparities between men’s and women’s occupational attainment. Women enter law school at similar rates as men do; however, they are not similarly represented in the legal profession upon graduation, or throughout their careers. Utilizing a theory of gendered organizations, this study seeks to investigate what impact, if any, certain sociodemographic factors, sector of law, mentorship, and perceptions of discrimination, have on women’s levels of job satisfaction. To accomplish this goal, this study makes connections between previous research conducted by the Kansas Bar Association, and more recent survey data modeled after the original KBA research. Underlying structures and ingrained interactions are examined quantitatively, to gain a better understanding of the gendered processes that women experience within the profession of law in Kansas.

Title: Judging systems of competitions in dance sport from judges point of view Objectives: The main goal of the thesis is to introduce the absolute judging system used on a dances sport competitions 3.0 to a wider public, and to describe differences between absolute judging systems 2.0, 2.1 and 3.0. Next goal is to map opinions, knowledge and attitudes of the TOP judges of the CDSF towards the judging systems of the dance sport. Methods: To obtain the necessary data for the elaboration of the thesis was used a method of electronic questionnaires. For the elaboration of a theoretical part of the thesis were used primary sources, professional literature and experts' own materials. Result: The thesis maps used systems of dance sport in the Czech Republic and abroad and their main progress towards objective and measurable judging. Based on survey, the questionnaire reveals the knowledge, opinions and attitudes of the Czech TOP judges towards System 3.0. In fact, the thesis is a breakthrough, because even though the absolute judging system 3.0 is already used in practice, there is still no Czech written documentation of its work or usage. Keywords: Dance sport, Latin, Ballroom, Dance, Judges, Judging systems, Sport, The questionnaire

Abstract Immigration courts in the United Sates are struggling to resolve 610,524 removal proceedings cases with approximately 330 judges located in 58 immigration courts nationwide. Due to the limited number of judges, case backlogs have increased steadily, with the wait time being 854 days in 2017 for the first hearing and much longer for case resolution. The purpose of this case study was to explore the perceptions and attitudes of immigration attorneys about delays in removal proceeding hearings in an immigration court in the southwest. Kettl's transformation of governance theory served as the theoretical foundation for this study, which explored immigration attorneys' perceptions about the effects of delays on the welfare of immigrant clients, the effects of delays on client-attorney relationships, and potential solutions to the delay crisis. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with a snowball sample of 10 participants as well as deportation hearing observations and court document reviews. Data were analyzed using the open coding technique. Findings indicated that legal representation was challenging for undocumented immigrants as the lack of proper documents often dissuaded immigrants from seeking legal guidance and they experienced challenges in navigating workplaces, schools, and society. Findings also indicated inadequacies in immigration courts and the need for more funding and resources such as judges, staff training, online application submission system, and judicial system restructuring. The implications for positive social change are directed at immigration policymakers and decision makers as a better understanding of the delay crisis may help them to focus attention and resources in helping to reduce the backlog and improve the judicial process.

Ce travail est une recherche consacrée à l'érosion entre le droit public et le droit privé ainsi qu'à son impact sur le fonctionnement de la dualité juridictionnelle. La première partie s'attache à la description de cette manifestation ainsi qu'à son principal effet : la multiplication des interconnexions entre les juges administratifs et judiciaires. Le rapprochement entre les deux ordres juridictionnels se caractérise par l'harmonisation des procès et par l'existence d'une cohérence jurisprudentielle concernant les contentieux communs. Pourtant, la seconde partie nous révèle l'existence d'une minorité de divergences ainsi qu’une complexité progressive des règles de répartition des compétences. Si aujourd'hui, la pertinence globale de la dualité juridictionnelle n'est pas menacée, elle nécessite toutefois d'être renouvelée pour résister, par la suite, à l'érosion toujours plus importante entre le droit public et le droit privé / This research deals about the confusion between the public and the private law as well as the impact on the mechanics of two different courts. The first part describes the erosion of both entities and its main effect : the growth of interconnections between the distinct judges. The development of relations between the judges is distinguished by the trial harmonisation and the coherence of court rulings. However the second part demonstrates the reality of points of contention between judges and the complexity of rules of competence. If today the preservation of two kinds of courts is not threatened it is required to renew it to better resist to the erosion development between the public and the private law

This thesis traces the growth the United States Senate's role in the Supreme Court confirmation process from the passage of the Judiciary Act of 1789 to the nomination of Robert H. Bork in 1987. Beginning with an examination of the intellectual origins of the Advice and Consent Clause of the United States Constitution, the thesis goes on to demonstrate that the Senate's role in the confirmation process has expanded well beyond the boundaries established by the Framers of the Constitution, and that this has resulted in a usurpation of the presidential power of appointment. The thesis concludes by arguing that the growth of the Senate's role in the confirmation process has harmed the integrity of the judicial branch by infringing upon the separation of powers, specifically demonstrating how the modern confirmation process has threatened to undermine the independence of the Judiciary.

ABSTRACT Judges carry out important public duties which affect the different social layer in the Brazilian society, They intervene and take part in all social, economical, political, consumption and family activities and, therefore, are expected to control the jurisdictional activities activities in such society. The great responsibility imposed on judges as a result of their activity becomes evident. Also, their activity raises high hopes due to the instabilities, deadlocks of the present historical period. Judges are called to find solutions for the increasing number of political conflicts being transferred to the judicial arena. Despite their greater responsibility, there is very little on doctrines to define, guide and support the decisions that must be taken based on the social responsibilities of judges or adequate scientific perspectives and clear of the aims to be achieved. The focus of the present study highlights the judges' commitment to democracy and to the fundamental rights. It includes a set of principles and norms that presently provide support for magistrates. The study suggests that actions must be grounded on principles acceptable by the civil society. The present study is justified by the necessity to offer the scientific community research on the social responsibility of judges, based on a scientific perspective adequate for dealing with different sorts of social issues in their entirety. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os juízes desempenham fundamental função pública influenciando decisivamente todos os estratos da sociedade brasileira, intervindo e participando decisivamente das atividades sociais, econômicas, políticas, familiares, de consumo, dentre outras, resultando, então, na contrapartida, em uma exigência e expectativa de controle da sociedade na atividade jurisdicional. É evidente a imposição de maiores responsabilidades a atividade dos juízes, em face das características da atividade, bem como pelas esperanças colocadas na função e tendo por parâmetro este período da história fortemente marcado por instabilidades, impasses e desigualdades, sendo a magistratura instada a solucionar conflitos, cada vez mais graves, em face da gravidade dos impasses e pela cada vez maior transferência dos conflitos políticos para a arena judicial. Apesar da importância da atribuição de uma maior responsabilização dos juízes por seus atos, a doutrina é mínima a respeito do tema, desconsiderando relevantes questões que indiquem o caminho a ser percorrido na procura por uma responsabilização social dos juízes com uma perspectiva científica e que implique em fundamentação escorreita para alcançar os objetivos perseguidos. O núcleo teórico do trabalho realça o comprometimento dos juízes com a democracia e com os direitos fundamentais, conjuntos de preceitos, princípios e normas que compõem a base essencial de vinculação dos magistrados em nossa era contemporânea. Alvitra a obrigação de fundamentação das decisões em que estas estão vinculadas a uma aceitação pela sociedade civil. A necessidade de se pensar e oferecer à comunidade científica um trabalho sobre a responsabilização social dos juízes com uma perspectiva científica e que tenha condições de trazer à baila das discussões este tema de alta relevância justifica a apresentação do tema em toda a sua plenitude.

The thesis will concentrate on the dynamics of changes in the judiciary after 1945 with the emphasis given to continuity and discontinuity between retributional and popular courts in the early 1950s. The focus of interest will be dedicated the judicial practice in the postwar context and discourse of cleansing. Attention will also be paid to the changing mechanisms of disciplinary acts regarding judges in postwar Czechoslovakia and to strategies they followed In their careers in order to comply with the changing conditions. Key words: retribution, cleansing, extraordinary popular courts, the judiciary, judges, changes of personnel, continuity and discontinuity, peoples courts

O povo brasileiro, em sua larga maioria, não tem iguais oportunidades (igualdade material), exatamente porque não tem como usufruir de um processo educativo que viabilize seu pleno desenvolvimento enquanto pessoa, que o prepare para o exercício da cidadania e que o qualifique para o trabalho, tudo em ordem a torná-lo, não mero passageiro, mas condutor de sua vida. Como, então, inserir, de modo sustentável, o (Dever)-(Poder) Judiciário no processo de efetivação da política pública de Estado (e não meramente de Governo!) direcionada para a educação, tal como assimilada pelo texto constitucional, tendo em vista a omissão dos dois outros Deveres-Poderes, redimensionando - com razoabilidade, proporcionalidade e no limite - a exceção da Reserva do Possível? Segundo conhecido forismo, antes de pensar a reforma, é preciso reformar o pensamento. Por isso, o trabalho se propõe a investigar a efetivação do direito fundamental à educação pela via da decisão judicial, enfrentando o obstáculo da chamada cláusula da reserva do possível. A idéia central é traçar um diagnóstico da posição do Supremo Tribunal Federal por meio de uma pesquisa empírica que consiga catalogar, por amostragem, decisões envolvendo o direito à educação e a reserva do possível julgadas na Corte após 1988. Com isso, a dissertação busca inicialmente trabalhar o significado atual do direito fundamental prestacional à educação, bem como o que é a reserva do possível aos olhos do Supremo Tribunal Federal e, posteriormente, verificar se o discurso da reserva do possível é utilizado nos seus acórdãos de forma coerente pela própria Corte ou se é utilizado de maneira casuística, sem parâmetros de controle da decisão judicial. Outrossim, procura-se investigar se o exercício da jurisdição que encerra o direito prestacional se dá predominantemente pelo método difuso ou pelo método concentrado, bem como quem mais aciona a Suprema Corte em face de tal matéria. A dissertação também objetiva trazer para o debate a idéia de que, sendo a cidadania uma cláusula pétrea, não pode nem deve ficar à mercê de omissão ou inércia de qualquer dos Deveres-Poderes, até porque omissões assim violam, por via oblíqua, o art. 60, 4, da Constituição Federal. Ora, cláusulas pétreas apenas são modificáveis e/ou suprimíveis por atuação do dever-poder constituinte originário. Desse modo, havendo, por inércia do Dever-Poder inadimplente, uma supressão de fato, seja ela parcial ou total, de direito fundamental, surge, em contraponto, a necessidade de uma resposta institucional hábil à defesa da ordem pública, aqui entendida como o regular funcionamento dos deveres-poderes, e, porque não dizer, do próprio Estado, ostentando o Judiciário a qualificação suficiente para dar essa resposta, com destaque para o Supremo Tribunal Federal, que tem por missão precípua a guarda da Lex Mater / Sem Abstract

Substantive due process is one of the most cherished and elusive doctrines in American constitutional jurisprudence. The understanding that the Constitution of the United States protects not only specifically enumerated rights, but also broad concepts such as “liberty,” “property,” and “privacy,” forms the foundation for some of the Supreme Court’s most impactful—and controversial—decisions. This thesis explores the constitutional merits and politicizing history of natural rights jurisprudence from its application in Dred Scott v. Sandford to its recent evocation in Obergefell v. Hodges. Indeed, from slavery to same-same sex marriage, substantive due process has played a pivotal role in shaping our nation’s laws and destiny: But was it ever intended to? This paper first examines the legal arguments in favor of substantive due process to determine whether the judiciary was designed to be the “bulwark” of natural as well as clearly scribed law. Then, employing a novel framework to measuring judicial politicization, the thesis tracks the doctrine’s application throughout its most prominent case studies. Often arriving at nuanced conclusions, we observe that the truth is more often painted in some gradation of grey than in black or white.

A situation that has been generated several confusions is the inclusion of person damage next to moral damage in the Civil Code of 1984, both in the national doctrine and judicial decisions.The Author analyses the problems arising from non-property damages in the Peruvian legal system, giving a brief description of its arrival to our Legislation and noting the major directions Doctrine has taken. He focuses on the old and new challenges Judges have on this matter and elaborates a list of considerations to positions seated on the Peruvian Civil Procedure. / Una situación que ha generado severas confusiones es la inclusión del daño a la persona junto al daño moral en el Código Civil de 1984, tanto en la doctrina nacional como en los pronunciamientos judiciales.En este artículo el autor examina la problemática de los daños extrapatrimoniales en el ordenamiento peruano, reseñando su génesis legislativo y las principales tendencias doctrinarias al respecto. Se enfoca en los viejos y nuevos retos de los Juzgadores en el daño extrapatrimonal y ofrece cuestionamientos a posturas mayoritarias en el ámbito procesal.